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Cited by 129Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Response of the three main types of glial cells of cortex nad corpus callosum in rats handled during suckling or exposed to enriched, control and impoverished environments following weaning

Szeligo, F., Leblond, C. P.·1977·Journal of Comparative Neurology
DOI 10.1002/cne.901720205
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Abstract

The cell populations of the occipital cortex were examined in young rats subjected to different sensory experiences. In one series recently weaned animals were reared in enriched, impoverished or control environments. The enriched environment was obtained by keeping the animals among “toys” and other rats; the impoverished environment, by rearing the animals one pr cage in a darkened, quiet room; and the control environment, by housing the animals three per cage under animal room conditions. Six recently weaned rats were kept ini each environment for 30 days and ten, for 80 days. In a second series suckling rats for 15 minutes per day during the first ten days after birth; twelve rats were studied, six handled and six unhandled controls. In the two series, the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia by perfusion with mixed aldehydes. Semithin epon sections of occipital cortex ere stained with toluidine blue; neurons and the three main types of glia were enumerated. In addition, the thickness of the cortex was measured and the glial cells of corpus callosum counted in the animals exposed to the three environments for 80 days. Under the influence of the enriched environment, the occipital cortex enlarged, the number of oligodendrocytes increased over the controls by 27‐33% in the 30‐ and 80‐day groups and the number of astrocytes, by 13% in the 80‐day grup. Within the cortex, only certain layers showed the increase in glial numbers. In the corpus callosum, however, the numbers of glial cells did not differ from those in controls. In the animals exposed to the impoverished environment, neither the size of the cortex nor the number of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes differed from controls. The animals subjected to handling also showed evidence of cortical enlargement, but the only significant change in glial cells was a 12% increase in astrocytes. It is concluded that handling and enrichment produce changes in anatomical indices of neural function including depth of cortex and numbers of glial cells. The glial response was specific to the type of manipulation since astrocytes were predominantly affected by handling and oligodendrocytes, by enrichment. The effect of handling on astrocytes may be attributed to the stimulation being applied at a time of astrocyte proliferation, whereas the effect of the enriched environment on oligodendrocytes occurred at a time of active production of these cells. The differences in cell numbers were explained by changes in the rate of cell population growth; since the impoverished did not differ from the control animals, the changes probably consisted of growth acceleration in the enriched animals rather than dimiution in the impoverished ones.

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  • The glia-neuron ratio increases with greater environmental enrichment and stimulation in rodents.

    “Several experimental studies in rodents, furthermore, have demonstrated that the glia–neuron ratio increases with greater environmental enrichment and stimulation (15, 16).”

    From Evolution of increased glia–neuron ratios in the human frontal cortex (2006) · cites this paper as [16]

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Authors
Szeligo, F., & Leblond, C. P.
Affiliations
McGill University (CA)
Venue
Journal of Comparative Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1977-03-15
Volume
172
Issue
2
Pages
247-263
ISSN
  • 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-9861
DOI
10.1002/cne.901720205
OpenAlex
W2052460692
Cited by
129
References
35
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
FWCI
2.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 10070 d)
Locations
  • The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
glial cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, corpus callosum, occipital cortex, environmental enrichment, impoverished environment, sensory deprivation, suckling rats, weaning, cortical thickness, glial cell proliferation, astrocyte proliferation, astrocyte differentiation, rat brain development
MeSH terms
Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cell Count, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Callosum, Handling, Psychological, Neuroglia, Neurons, Occipital Lobe, Social Environment, Social Isolation, Sucking Behavior, Rats

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