Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been widely used to treat patients with depressive disorder to prevent relapse. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of newly developed MBCT program as an adjuvant to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. METHODS: Forty-six patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder were assigned to either MBCT or an anxiety disorder education (ADE) program for a period of 8 weeks. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used to assess the patients at 0 week and after the two programs had been running for 2, 4, and 8 weeks. RESULTS: The MBCT group demonstrated significantly more improvement than the ADE group according to all anxiety (HAM-A, p<0.01; BAI, p<0.01; anxiety subscale of SCL-90-R, p=0.01) and depression (HAM-D, p<0.01; BDI, p<0.01; depression subscale of SCL-90-R, p<0.01) scale scores. The obsessive-compulsive and phobic subscales of the SCL-90-R also showed significantly more improvement in the MBCT group. However, no significant improvement was observed in the MBCT group versus the ADE group in terms of the somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, or psychoticism subscale scores of the SCL-90-R. CONCLUSIONS: MBCT may be effective at relieving anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. However, well-designed, randomized controlled trials are needed.
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Mindfulness-based interventions have been applied as acute treatment for GAD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and depression.
“mindfulness-based interventions have also been applied as an acute treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders including generalized anxiety disorder [43, 44], panic disorder [45–47], social anxiety disorder [48, 49], and depression [50–53]”
From The empirical status of the "new wave" of cognitive behavioral therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [46]
The Assessments section describes an eight-week MBCT program for patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder, supporting its application as a treatment for those conditions. The Subjects section says participants had received more than six months of pharmacotherapy and that their acute symptoms had stabilized before MBCT began; this study therefore does not support calling it an acute treatment. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHigh remission rates of anxiety symptoms in GAD were outlined following CBT interventions.
“As reflected in our results, high remission rates of anxiety symptoms in GAD were outlined following CBT interventions (Borkovec and Costello, 1993; Kim et al., 2009).”
From Standard CBT versus integrative and multimodal CBT assisted by virtual-reality for generalized anxiety disorder (2022) · cites this paper as Kim et al., 2009
The Remission Rate section reports that 16 patients receiving mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) plus pharmacotherapy remitted after eight weeks, versus none in the education group. But the group included patients with both GAD and panic disorder, and the Discussion says the sample was too small for separate analyses by disorder. The paper therefore does not establish a high remission rate specifically for GAD following CBT interventions generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe four trials employing proper randomization procedures indicate that MABIs outperform waitlist and placebo controls, and either perform as well as or slightly poorer than established treatments.
“However, the four trials employing proper randomization procedures indicate that MABIs outperform waitlist (Roemer et al ., 2008) and placebo controls (Kim et al ., 2009; Lee et al ., 2007), and either perform as well as (Piet et al ., 2010) or slightly poorer than established treatments (Koszycki, Benger, Shlik, & Bradwejn, 2007).”
From Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2012) · cites this paper as Kim et al., 2009
The anxiety-scale Results report that MBCT outperformed the anxiety-disorder education group. But the Assessments section identifies the comparator as education, not placebo, and the Discussion explicitly says assignment was not properly randomized. Kim et al. is cited for the placebo-control comparison, not for the sentence’s comparisons with established treatments. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMBCT has shown positive effects in panic, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder.
“MBCT has shown positive effects in panic (Kim et al. 2009), GAD (Craigie et al. 2008; Evans et al. 2008; Hoge et al. 2013; Majid et al. 2010), and in social anxiety disorder (Koszycki et al. 2007).”
From CALM Pregnancy: results of a pilot study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for perinatal anxiety (2014) · cites this paper as Kim et al. 2009
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- Authors
- Kim, Y. W., Lee, S.-H., Choi, T. K., Suh, S. Y., Kim, B., Kim, C. M., Cho, S. J., Kim, M. J., Yook, K., Ryu, M., Song, S. K., & Yook, K.-H.
- Affiliations
- CHA University Bundang Medical Center (KR)
- Pohang Iron and Steel (South Korea) (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Sang-Hyuk
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 601-606
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6394
- OpenAlex
- W2105927830
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 16.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, pharmacotherapy, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, phobic symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Combined Modality Therapy, Drug Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Panic Disorder, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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