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The KKK won't let me play: ostracism even by a despised outgroup hurts
Open accessAbstract
Previous research has shown that ostracism even by outgroup members is aversive. In this study we examined whether ostracism by a particular type of outgroup, a despised outgroup, was sufficient to inflict emotional distress. We manipulated ostracism using Cyberball, an on‐line ball toss game. Ostracized participants reported lower levels of belonging, self‐esteem, control, and meaningful existence, and more negative mood, than included participants. Moreover, ostracism by despised outgroup members was no less aversive than ostracism by rival outgroup or ingroup members. Participants differentiated between the groups, however; ostracized individuals reported greater outgroup negativity than included participants only when their co‐players were members of the despised outgroup. We interpret these results as evidence for the powerful impact of ostracism and the potential importance of distinguishing between qualitatively different outgroups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Cyberball has been used in several published studies.
“Cyberball has been used in several published studies (Eisenberger et al., 2003;Gonsalkorale & Williams, 2007;Williams et al., 2000;van Beest & Williams, 2006b;Zadro, Boland, & Richardson, 2006;Zadro et al., 2004).”
From Ostracism increases social susceptibility (2008) · cites this paper as Gonsalkorale & Williams, 2007
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gonsalkorale, K., & Williams, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gonsalkorale, Karen
- Venue
- European Journal of Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-09-21
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1176-1186
- ISSN
- 0046-2772 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0992
- OpenAlex
- W1988739434
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 8.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0519209)
- University of New South Wales
- Australian Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- ostracism, emotional distress, Cyberball, sense of belonging, self-esteem, meaningful life, negative mood, Ku Klux Klan
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