Interleukin‐13 protects from atherosclerosis and modulates plaque composition by skewing the macrophage phenotype
Open accessAbstract
Atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by the accumulation of oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and the infiltration of macrophages and T cells. Cytokine expression in the microenvironment of evolving lesions can profoundly contribute to plaque development. While the pro-atherogenic effect of T helper (Th) 1 cytokines, such as IFN-γ, is well established, the role of Th2 cytokines is less clear. Therefore, we characterized the role of the Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-13 in murine atherosclerosis. Here, we report that IL-13 administration favourably modulated the morphology of already established atherosclerotic lesions by increasing lesional collagen content and reducing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-dependent monocyte recruitment, resulting in decreased plaque macrophage content. This was accompanied by the induction of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, which exhibited increased clearance of OxLDL compared to IFN-γ-activated (M1) macrophages in vitro. Importantly, deficiency of IL-13 results in accelerated atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-) mice without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, IL-13 protects from atherosclerosis and promotes a favourable plaque morphology, in part through the induction of alternatively activated macrophages.
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Low levels of IL-13 contributed to the reduced ABCA1 expression in FXS astrocytes.
“It is possible that low levels of IL-13 contributed to the reduced ABCA1 expression in FXS astrocytes35.”
From An iPSC-derived astrocyte model of fragile X syndrome exhibits dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
The Results section reports higher ABCA1 expression in IL-13-stimulated macrophage foam cells and in lesions of IL-13-treated mice (Fig. 5C–F). That supports the proposed IL-13–ABCA1 link, but the paper does not establish that low IL-13 contributes to reduced ABCA1 expression in FXS astrocytes. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReduced ABCA1 expression associated with reduced secretion of IL-13 and IL-10, which are implicated in ABCA1 regulation.
“Reduced ABCA1 expression associated with reduced secretion of IL-13 and IL-10, which are implicated in ABCA1 regulation (Cardilo-Reis et al., 2012; Ma et al., 2012).”
From Astrocytes in fragile X syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as Cardilo-Reis et al., 2012
The Results (pages not supplied) show that IL-13 stimulation increased ABCA1 expression in macrophage foam cells, while IL-13-deficient mice had reduced splenocyte production of IL-13 and IL-10. They do not establish that reduced ABCA1 expression was associated with those reductions in cytokine secretion, or that IL-10 regulates ABCA1. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe low level of IL-13 (54.3% of control) could contribute to the reduced ABCA1 expression in FXS astrocytes.
“Since there is evidence that IL-13 stimulates ABCA1 expression35, its low level (54.3% of control) could contribute to the reduced ABCA1 expression in FXS astrocytes.”
From An iPSC-derived astrocyte model of fragile X syndrome exhibits dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Cardilo‐Reis, L., Gruber, S., Schreier, S. M., Drechsler, M., Papac‐Milicevic, N., Weber, C., Wagner, O., Stangl, H., Soehnlein, O., & Binder, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Binder, Christoph J.
- Venue
- EMBO Molecular Medicine
- Published
- 2012-10-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1072-1086
- ISSN
- 1757-4676 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-4684
- PMC
- PMC3491837
- OpenAlex
- W2169929180
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17
- FWCI
- 8.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- EMBO Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Funded Access
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Keywords
- IL-13, atherosclerosis, plaque composition, macrophage polarization, M2 macrophages, M1 macrophages, Th2 cytokines, VCAM-1, monocyte recruitment, collagen deposition, Ldlr-deficient mice, atherosclerotic plaque morphology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cholesterol, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Lipoproteins, LDL, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, Male, Interleukin-13, Atherosclerosis, Mice
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