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Estrogen and the prefrontal cortex: Towards a new understanding of estrogen's effects on executive functions in the menopause transition
Abstract
Midlife decline in cognition, specifically in areas of executive functioning, is a frequent concern for which menopausal women seek clinical intervention. The dependence of executive processes on prefrontal cortex function suggests estrogen effects on this brain region may be key in identifying the sources of this decline. Recent evidence from rodent, nonhuman primate, and human subject studies indicates the importance of considering interactions of estrogen with neurotransmitter systems, stress, genotype, and individual life events when determining the cognitive effects of menopause and estrogen therapy. Hum Brain Mapp 35:847–865, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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“In such a model, a decrease in estradiol levels during menopause could cause executive difficulties in women whose genetics or previous life experiences make them susceptible to such a cognitive decline (Culpepper, 2015; Kudielka et al, 2009; Shanmugan and Epperson, 2014) (Figure 1).”
From Lisdexamfetamine Effects on Executive Activation and Neurochemistry in Menopausal Women with Executive Function Difficulties (2017) · cites this paper as Shanmugan and Epperson, 2014
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“This midlife onset of executive difficulties may be a result of reduced estradiol modulation of the executive system (Shanmugan and Epperson, 2014).”
From Lisdexamfetamine Effects on Executive Activation and Neurochemistry in Menopausal Women with Executive Function Difficulties (2017) · cites this paper as Shanmugan and Epperson, 2014
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“DA and NE, the catecholamines crucial for executive functioning [Arnsten, 2011], are modulated by estrogen in the PFC. Treatment with 20 lg/kg of 17b-estradiol both improved memory consolidation and affected dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission in the rodent PFC. Estrogen…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shanmugan, S., & Epperson, C. N.
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-12-14
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 847-865
- ISSN
- 1065-9471
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC4104582
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 15
- Language
- en
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health and the Office of Research on Women's Health (Specialized Center of Research on Sex Differences in Women's Health) (P50MH099910)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24DA03031)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG030641)
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