Cited by 558Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchStress Responses and CortisolMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Repeated Stress Causes Cognitive Impairment by Suppressing Glutamate Receptor Expression and Function in Prefrontal Cortex

Open access
Yuen, Eunice Y., Wei, Jing, Liu, Wenhua, Zhong, Ping, Li, Xiangning, Yan, Zhen·2012·Neuron

Abstract

Chronic stress could trigger maladaptive changes associated with stress-related mental disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we found that exposing juvenile male rats to repeated stress significantly impaired the temporal order recognition memory, a cognitive process controlled by the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Concomitantly, significantly reduced AMPAR- and NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission and glutamate receptor expression were found in PFC pyramidal neurons from repeatedly stressed animals. All these effects relied on activation of glucocorticoid receptors and the subsequent enhancement of ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of GluR1 and NR1 subunits, which was controlled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-1 and Fbx2, respectively. Inhibition of proteasomes or knockdown of Nedd4-1 and Fbx2 in PFC prevented the loss of glutamatergic responses and recognition memory in stressed animals. Our results suggest that repeated stress dampens PFC glutamatergic transmission by facilitating glutamate receptor turnover, which causes the detrimental effect on PFC-dependent cognitive processes.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.033

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In animals, chronic stress results in prolonged release of glucocorticoids and leads to hypertrophy of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, atrophy of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and functional impairment of the PFC.

    “In animals, chronic stress results in the prolonged release of glucocorticoids and leads to hypertrophy of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, atrophy of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and functional impairment of the PFC (44–55).”

    From Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness. (2021) · cites this paper as [49]

    The Introduction and Discussion (page numbers unavailable) describe stress-related PFC atrophy and impairment, hippocampal dendritic atrophy, and amygdala dendritic growth. Our copy does not establish hypertrophy of the nucleus accumbens or prolonged glucocorticoid release; the hippocampal and PFC findings concern neuronal structures rather than atrophy of the regions as a whole. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • A prominent loss of GluR1 and NR1 subunit expression in PFC pyramidal neurons from repeatedly stressed animals leads to depression of AMPAR- and NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents.

    “A prominent loss of GluR1 and NR1 subunit expression has been found in PFC pyramidal neurons from repeatedly stressed animals, which leads to the depression of AMPAR- and NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents 110.”
  • This stress-induced loss of glutamate receptor expression is attributable to increased ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of GluR1 and NR1 controlled by E3 ubiquitin ligases Nedd4 and Fbx2.

    “This stress-induced loss of glutamate receptor expression is attributable to the increased ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of GluR1 and NR1 that is controlled by E3 ubiquitin ligases Nedd4 and Fbx2”
  • In the medial prefrontal cortex, some studies report lower chronic stress-related glutamate receptor expression, which has been speculated to protect against excessive glutamate signaling and excitotoxicity.

    “A different pattern has been described in the mPFC, with some reporting reduced chronic stress-related glutamate receptor expression, which has been speculated as a potential protective mechanism against excessive glutamate signaling and excitoxicity (e.g., 124–125).”
  • In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy detected elevated glutamate levels in ventromedial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex in untreated major depressive disorder, consistent with a meta-analysis finding higher glutamate/glutamine concentrations in medial frontal cortex of unmedicated major depressive disorder but not antidepressant-treated patients.

    “In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) detected elevated glutamate levels in ventromedial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex in untreated MDD161 consistent with a recent meta-analysis of MRS imaging studies that found higher glutamate/glutamine concentrations in medial frontal cortex of unmedicated MDD but not in antidepressant-treated patients162.”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Yuen, E. Y., Wei, J., Liu, W., Zhong, P., Li, X., & Yan, Z.
Affiliations
University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
Corresponding author
Yan, Zhen
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-03
Volume
73
Issue
5
Pages
962-977
ISSN
0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2070005343
Cited by
558
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 7
FWCI
14.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuron (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (MH84233, MH85774)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
repeated stress, chronic stress, cognitive impairment, prefrontal cortex, glutamate receptors, AMPA receptors, NMDA receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, GluR1, NR1 subunit, NEDD4-1, synaptic transmission, glutamatergic neurotransmission, stress-related disorders
MeSH terms
Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Bicuculline, Cognition Disorders, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Restraint, Physical, Stress, Psychological, 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Prefrontal Cortex, Receptors, Glutamate, Pyramidal Cells, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Recognition, Psychology, RNA, Small Interfering, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, F-Box Proteins, Immunoprecipitation, Rats, Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport, GABA-A Receptor Antagonists, In Vitro Techniques

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review