A biological perspective on differences and similarities between burnout and depression
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To compare and contrast burnout and depression is not only a conceptual issue, but may deliver important directions for treatment approaches and stabilize the awareness of disease which is essential for affected individuals. Because of the symptomatic overlap, it is a subject of multidimensional research and discussion to find specific signatures to differentiate between the two phenomena or to present evidence that they are different aspects of the same disorder. Both pathologies are regarded as stress-related disorders. Therefore, in this review burnout and depression are discussed on the basis of biological parameters, mainly heart rate variability (HRV) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are crucial to the stress response system. It emerges that instead of finding one specific discriminating marker, future research should rather concentrate on elaborating indices for burnout and depression which integrate combinations of parameters found in genetics, neurobiology, physiology and environment.
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There is an ongoing debate as to whether ENTS should be considered a disorder on its own or whether it should be a part of depression.
“There is an ongoing debate as to whether ENTS should be considered a disorder on its own or whether it should be a part of depression, with diverging evidence currently supporting both positions [26–32].”
From Psychological Treatment of Exhaustion Due to Persistent Non-Traumatic Stress: A Scoping Review. (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
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Reduced interleukin-6 stress reactivity in male physicians with occupational burnout
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Adebayo, O., Kanmodi, K. K., Ogundipe, H. D., Nnyanzi, L. A., Alatishe, T. A., Ojedokun, S. A., Oladapo, J. S., Ogunsuji, O. O., Makinde, A. M., Udeh, C. T., et al. (2025) · Discover Social Science and Health · doi:10.1007/s44155-025-00222-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Psychological Distress and Burnout
Tei, S., & Fujino, J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32046-0_142-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Antão, H. S., Sacadura‐Leite, E., Aguiar, P. M. V., Góis, C., Marques, J., Pombo›, S., & Figueira, M. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1425792 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Estudio descriptivo del síndrome de burnout en una empresa de vigilancia de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C
Rodríguez, W. L. G., Villalobos, J. A. L., & Chavarría, T. E. P. (2021)
Stress and Sleep in Relation to Severity of Building Related Symptoms
Claeson, A., Edvardsson, B., & Liljelind, I. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002844
Differentiating Burnout from Depression
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Kapfhammer, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-68309-5_1
Marca, R. L., Scheiwiller, M., Pfaff, M., Ghaemmaghami, P., & Böker, H. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100880 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Irvin Sam Schonfeld Ph.D., M. P. H., & Ph.D., R. B. (2025) · doi:10.1002/9781394249626.ch03
Appelbom, S., Finnes, A., Wicksell, R. K., & Bujacz, A. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.13127
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Psychological Distress and Burnout
Tei, S., & Fujino, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73363-5_142
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Caldichoury, N., Morales-Asencio, B., Coronado, J.-C., Castellanos-Alvarenga, L. M., Quispe-Ayala, C., Saldías, C., Espinoza, D. E. S., Ripoll-Córdoba, D., Laura, W. N. B., Martínez, J., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1652072
von Känel, R., Albertini, T., Holzgang, S. A., Princip, M., Giannopoulos, A. A., Buechel, R. R., Sivakumar, S., Zuccarella‐Hackl, C., & Pazhenkottil, A. P. (2026) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01168.2025
- Authors
- Orosz, A., Federspiel, A., Haisch, S., Seeher, C., Dierks, T., & Cattapan, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Sanatorium Kilchberg (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Orosz, Ariane
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 73
- Pages
- 112-122
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2565172665
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 168
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 0.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- boris.unibe.ch
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- burnout, depression, heart rate variability, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, stress response, biomarkers, stress-related disorders, differential diagnosis, neurobiology of depression
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Burnout, Professional, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
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