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Empowering Exosomes with Aptamers for Precision Theranostics

Zheng, Liyan, Li, Jin, Li, Yingying, Sun, Weidi, Ma, LeLe, Qu, Fengli, Tan, Weihong·2025·Small Methods
DOI 10.1002/smtd.202400551
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Abstract

As information messengers for cell‐to‐cell communication, exosomes, typically small membrane vesicles (30–150 nm), play an imperative role in the physiological and pathological processes of living systems. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that exosomes are potential biological candidates for theranostics, including liquid biopsy‐based diagnosis and drug delivery. However, their clinical applications are hindered by several issues, especially their unspecific detection and insufficient targeting ability. How to upgrade the accuracy of exosome‐based theranostics is being widely explored. Aptamers, benefitting from their admirable characteristics, are used as excellent molecular recognition elements to empower exosomes for precision theranostics. With high affinity against targets and easy site‐specific modification, aptamers can be incorporated with platforms for the specific detection of exosomes, thus providing opportunities for advancing disease diagnostics. Furthermore, aptamers can be tailored and functionalized on exosomes to enable targeted therapeutics. Herein, this review emphasizes the empowering of exosomes by aptamers for precision theranostics. A brief introduction of exosomes and aptamers is provided, followed by a discussion of recent progress in aptamer‐based exosome detection for disease diagnosis, and the emerging applications of aptamer‐functionalized exosomes for targeted therapeutics. Finally, current challenges and opportunities in this research field are presented.

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Metadata

Authors
Zheng, L., Li, J., Li, Y., Sun, W., Ma, L., Qu, F., & Tan, W.
Venue
Small Methods
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2024-07-05
Volume
9
Issue
6
ISSN
2366-9608
DOI
10.1002/smtd.202400551
Cited by
21
References
5
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Funders
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0910103, 2023YFC3040800)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2188102, 22274141, 22074080)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022ZD28)
  • Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province (tsqn201909106)

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