Effect of partial covering of the visitor viewing area window on positioning and orientation of zoo orangutans: A preference test: Orangutans Position with Regard to Visitors
Abstract
The window of the visitor viewing area adjacent to an animal platform in an orangutan enclosure was altered to produce three viewing treatments in a randomized controlled experiment. These treatments were window uncovered, left side of the window covered or right side of the window covered. Observations were conducted on the orangutans present on the platform, and on their location (left or right side), and orientation (towards or away from the window) while on the platform. The partial covering of the window had little effect on the proportion of time orangutans spent on the viewing platform, or on the direction they faced when on the platform. When the orangutans were facing towards the window, and the right side was uncovered, irrespective of whether the left side was covered, they spent about three quarters of the time on the right side, suggesting a preference for the right side of the platform. However, when the right side was covered and the left side uncovered, the animals facing towards the window spent only about a quarter of the time on the right side, that is, they spent more time on the uncovered side. The results suggest that the orangutans have a preference to position themselves to face the window of the visitor viewing area.
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When half of the visitor viewing window was covered with a visual barrier and the other half left open, orangutans showed a preference to position themselves in front of the open visitor viewing window, suggesting orangutans are visually stimulated by visitors.
“In contrast, Bloomfield, et al. [25] found that when half of the visitor viewing window was covered with a visual barrier and the other half was left open, orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) showed a preference to position themselves in front of the open visitor viewing window which suggests orangutans are visually stimulated by visitors.”
From Effect of Covering a Visitor Viewing Area Window on the Behaviour of Zoo-Housed Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor) (2020) · cites this paper as [25]
Visitors can have negative, neutral or positive impacts on zoo animal behaviour and welfare.
“Decades of research on the visitor effect in zoos has demonstrated that visitors can have negative, neutral or positive impacts on zoo animal behaviour and welfare.”
From The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
The literature on the effects of visitor interactions on zoo animals is ambiguous, with studies providing evidence for negative, neutral and positive impacts.
“However, the literature on the effects of visitor interactions on zoo animals is somewhat ambiguous, with studies providing evidence for a range of impacts interpreted as negative [12,13], neutral [14,15] and positive [16].”
From The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Orangutans showed a preference to position themselves in front of the open window in a preference test with half of the window covered by a visual barrier.
“It was found that the orangutans showed a preference to position themselves in front of the open window.”
From The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Manipulation of visitor viewing conditions resulted in orangutans preferring to position themselves to face the window of the visitor viewing area.
“It was found that manipulation of visitor viewing conditions resulted in the orangutans preferring to position themselves to face the window of the visitor viewing area.”
From The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Bloomfield, R. C., Gillespie, G. R., Kerswell, K. J., Butler, K. L., & Hemsworth, P. H.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Zoos Victoria (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kerswell, Keven J.
- Venue
- Zoo Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-02-25
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 223-229
- ISSN
- 0733-3188 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1580455489
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Zoo Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Keywords
- orangutans, zoo animal welfare, animal positioning, animal orientation, window coverings, spatial preferences
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Animals, Zoo, Behavior, Animal, Female, Housing, Animal, Male, Pongo
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