Procrastination, Negative Self-Evaluation, and Stress in Depression and Anxiety
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Procrastination has negative consequences for health and well-being.
“Consequences are negative, both for academic performance and retention (Ellis and Knaus, 1977; Klassen et al., 2008; Zarick and Stonebraker, 2009; Grau and Minguillon, 2013; Kim and Seo, 2015) as well as for health and well-being (Flett et al., 1995; Tice and Baumeister, 1997; Stöber and Joormann, 2001; Sirois, 2014).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Flett et al., 1995
Negative self-evaluations tend to plague both chronic procrastinators and those high in perfectionistic concerns.
“negative self-evaluations, which tend to plague both chronic procrastinators and those high in perfectionistic concerns (Flett et al., 1995; McCown et al., 2012; Sherry et al., 2016)”
From A Meta–Analytic and Conceptual Update on the Associations between Procrastination and Multidimensional Perfectionism (2017) · cites this paper as Flett et al., 1995
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Steel, P. (2007) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65 · Cited by 3,417 · see citing works
Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.x · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Davis, R. A., Flett, G. L., & Besser, A. (2002) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493102760275581 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Procrastination and the Priority of Short-Term Mood Regulation: Consequences for Future Self
Sirois, F., & Pychyl, T. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12011 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Klassen, R. M., Krawchuk, L. L., & Rajani, S. (2008) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2007.07.001 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Dunkley, D. M., Zuroff, D. C., & Blankstein, K. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.234 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Self-citationArousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators: Do they exist?
Steel, P. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.025 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Procrastination: When Good Things Don’t Come to Those Who Wait
Klingsieck, K. B. (2013) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000138 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
“I’ll go to therapy, eventually”: Procrastination, stress and mental health
Stead, R., Shanahan, M. J., & Neufeld, R. W. J. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.028 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
“I'll look after my health, later”: an investigation of procrastination and health
Sirois, F. M., Melia-Gordon, M. L., & Pychyl, T. A. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00326-4 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Procrastination and stress: exploring the role of self-compassion.
Sirois, F. M. (2014) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2013.763404 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Sirois, F. M. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.003 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Procrastination: self-regulation in initiating aversive goals.
Van Eerde, W. (2000) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00021 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Exploring reasons and consequences of academic procrastination: an interview study.
Grunschel, C., Patrzek, J., & Fries, S. (2013) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-012-0143-4 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Akinsola, M. K., Tella, A., & Tella, A. (2007) · EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education · doi:10.12973/ejmste/75415 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Lost in the Moment? An Investigation of Procrastination, Mindfulness, and Well-being
Sirois, F. M., & Tosti, N. (2012) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-012-0151-y · Cited by 176 · see citing works
How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations
Svartdal, F., Dahl, T. I., Gamst-Klaussen, T., Koppenborg, M., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“…both for academic performance and retention (Ellis and Knaus, 1977; Klassen et al., 2008; Zarick and Stonebraker, 2009; Grau and Minguillon, 2013; Kim and Seo, 2015) as well as for health and well-being (Flett et al., 1995; Tice and Baumeister, 1997; Stöber and Joormann, 2001; Sirois, 2014).”
BackgroundFlett, A. L., Haghbin, M., & Pychyl, T. A. (2016) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-016-0235-1 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Predicting procrastination: the role of academic achievement, self-efficacy and perfectionism.
Kurtovic, A., Vrdoljak, G., & Idzanovic, A. (2019) · International Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.17583/ijep.2019.2993 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Sirois, F. M., Molnar, D. S., & Hirsch, J. K. (2017) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2098 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sirois, F. M. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9629-2 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Academic procrastination: the perspective of university counsellors.
Patrzek, J., Grunschel, C., & Fries, S. (2012) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-012-9150-z · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Do procrastination-friendly environments make students delay unnecessarily?
Nordby, K., Klingsieck, K. B., & Svartdal, F. (2017) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-017-9386-x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Khalid, A., Zhang, Q., Wang, W., Ghaffari, A. S., & Pan, F. (2019) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s207430 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Procrastination and health: A longitudinal test of the roles of stress and health behaviours
Sirois, F. M., Stride, C. B., & Pychyl, T. A. (2023) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12658 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Chen, B.-B., Shi, Z., & Wang, Y. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01529 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Procrastination, Stress, and Chronic Health Conditions: A Temporal Perspective
Sirois, F. M. (2016) · Procrastination, Health, and Well-Being · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802862-9.00004-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Delaying Things and Feeling Bad About It? A Norm-Based Approach to Procrastination
Giguère, B., Sirois, F. M., & Vaswani, M. (2016) · Procrastination, Health, and Well-Being · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802862-9.00009-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Feyzi Behnagh, R., & Ferrari, J. R. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02653-z · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Aftab, S., Klibert, J., Holtzman, N., Qadeer, K., & Aftab, S. (2017) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-017-0263-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The position that chronic procrastinators suffer from a unique set 330 S. Aftab et al. of maladaptive cognitive schemas is supported by theoretical and empirical evidence (e.g., Flett et al. 1995).”
MethodProviding Mindfulness-Based Educational Package for Evaluating Academic Procrastination
Motie, H., Heidari, M., Bagherian, F., & Zarani, F. (2019) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/ijpcp.25.1.25 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Flett, G. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Martin, T. R.
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- ORCID
- Flett, Gordon L.
- Venue
- Procrastination and Task Avoidance
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 1995
- Pages
- 137-167
- OpenAlex
- W137775643
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.29
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- procrastination, negative self-evaluation, stress, depression, anxiety, task delay, student procrastination
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