Validation of a new scale for measuring problematic Internet use: Implications for pre-employment screening

Davis, Richard A.; Flett, Gordon L.; Besser, Avi

doi:10.1089/109493102760275581

Cited by 751Impact of Technology on AdolescentsCyberloafing and Workplace BehaviorSexuality, Behavior, and Technology

Validation of a new scale for measuring problematic Internet use: Implications for pre-employment screening

Davis, Richard A., Flett, Gordon L., Besser, Avi·2002·CyberPsychology & Behavior

DOI 10.1089/109493102760275581

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Abstract

The current study introduced a theory-driven, multidimensional measure of problematic Internet use: the Online Cognition Scale (OCS). Undergraduate students (n = 211) in an industrial/organizational psychology course completed the OCS, along with measures of procrastination, rejection sensitivity, loneliness, depression, and impulsivity. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that problematic Internet use consists of four dimensions: diminished impulse control, loneliness/depression, social comfort, and distraction. As hypothesized, the OCS predicted all of the study variables in the expected directions. Representing a departure from previous research in this area, the current article focused on procrastination, impulsivity, and social rejection as key elements of problematic Internet use. Furthermore, interactive applications (e.g., chat) were most related to problematic Internet use, and scores on the OCS predicted being reprimanded at school or work for inappropriate Internet use. As a result, the utility of the OCS for both clinical assessment of Internet addiction and as an organizational preemployment screening measure to identify potential employees who are likely to abuse the Internet in the workplace (also known as "cyberslacking") were discussed.

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Academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination as predictors of problematic internet use in university students
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“Consistent with previous research (Davis et al., 2002), impulsivity did appear to have a significant role in the amount of IP use in general.”
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Problematic Use of Social Network Sites: The Interactive Relationship Between Gratifications Sought and Privacy Concerns
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“Internet addiction was measured by the Turkish version of the Online Cognition Scale.(15,61) The scale was translated into Turkish by seven perfect bilinguals who speak English and Turkish equally well.”
Psychometric Evaluation of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 in an Italian Sample
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“20 23 Among them, Caplan’s Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 19 (GPIUS2), a revised and updated version of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 24 (GPIUS), has been developed to formally test Davis’ cognitive-behavioral model of the GPIU.”
Associations between problematic Internet use and psychiatric symptoms among university students in Japan
Kitazawa, M., Yoshimura, M., Murata, M., Sato‐Fujimoto, Y., Hitokoto, H., Mimura, M., Tsubota, K., & Kishimoto, T. (2018) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12662 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
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“Multiple measures have been used to assess Internet and gaming addiction (Beard 2005; Davis et al. 2002; Demetrovics et al. 2008; Johansson and Gotestam 2004; Khazaal et al. 2008; Ko et al. 2005a; Meerkerk et al. 2009; Nichols and Nicki 2004; Tejeiro Salguero and Bersabe Moran 2002).”
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“Ten scales were identified, which together constituted a bank of 183 questions (Anderson, 2001; Caplan, 2002; Davis et al., 2002; Demtrovics, Szeredi, & Rozsa, 2008; Huang, Wang, Qian, Zhong, & Tao, 2007; Meerkerk et al., 2009; Mitchell, Sabina, Finkelhor, & Wells, 2009; Morahan-Martin &…”
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“Several instruments and scales have been developed, including the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale(79) and Online Cognition Scale.(80)They have been used for research purposes and pre-employment screening.”
Clinical Interventions for Technology-Based Problems: Excessive Internet and Video Game Use
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“The OCS is a 7-point Likert scale of 36 items, developed by Davis.”
Influential
Tracing 20 years of research on problematic use of the internet and social media: Theoretical models, assessment tools, and an agenda for future work
Moretta, T., Buodo, G., Demetrovics, Z., & Potenza, M. N. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152286 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
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“For example, Davis et al. (2002) found that procrastination can predict troublesome internet use.”
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Evaluation of Internet Addiction and Depression among University Students
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“Several studies have reported a similar correlation between levels of depression and internet addiction (Davis et al., 2002; Ha et al., 2006; ; Kim et al., 2006; Ko, Yen, Chen, Chen, & Yen, 2008; Kraut et al., 2002; Teo & Lim, 2000; ; Whang, Lee, & Chang, 2003b; Yang & Tung, 2007; Young & Rodgers,…”
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“For example, the reasons why individuals engage in non-work-related internet activities vary across the overarching concepts, ranging from convenient access (Young, 1999) to coping with depression (Ceyhan and Ceyhan, 2007; Davis et al., 2002).”
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Adolescent Online Cyberbullying in Greece: The Impact of Parental Online Security Practices, Bonding, and Online Impulsiveness
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Authors: Davis, R. A., Flett, G. L., & Besser, A.
Affiliations: York University (CA)
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
ORCID: Davis, Richard A.
Flett, Gordon L.
Venue: CyberPsychology & Behavior
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2002-08
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Pages: 331-345
ISSN: 1094-9313 (ISSN-L)
1557-8364
DOI: 10.1089/109493102760275581
OpenAlex: W2086020439
Cited by: 750
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 50
FWCI: 18.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/ (tdm)
Locations: CyberPsychology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Demography › Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
Keywords: problematic internet use, internet addiction, pre-employment screening, cyberloafing, procrastination, impulsivity, rejection sensitivity, loneliness, depression, distraction, online chat, scale validation, workplace internet use
MeSH terms: Adult, Cognition, Decision Making, Organizational, Employment, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Personnel Selection, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Behavior, Addictive, Internet

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Validation of a new scale for measuring problematic Internet use: Implications for pre-employment screening

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