Sex differences in androgen regulation of metabolism in nonhuman primates
Open accessAbstract
The in-depth characterization of sex differences relevant to human physiology requires the judicious use of a variety of animal models and human clinical data. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) represent an important experimental system that bridges rodent studies and clinical investigations. NHP studies have been especially useful in understanding the role of sex hormones in development and metabolism and also allow the elucidation of the effects of pertinent dietary influences on physiology pertinent to disease states such as obesity and diabetes. This chapter summarizes the current state of our understanding of androgen effects on male and female NHP metabolism relevant to hypogonadism in human males and polycystic ovary syndrome in human females. This review will also focus on the interaction between altered androgen levels and dietary restriction and excess, in particular the Western-style diet that underlies significant human pathophysiology.
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Consequences of ectopic fat deposition may include impaired tissue hypoxia, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
“Among prenatally androgenized NHPs, when the capacity of subcutaneous adipocytes to store fat is exceeded, excess free fatty acids may be deposited in ectopic locations such a liver and muscle; consequences of ectopic fat deposition may include impaired tissue hypoxia, inflammation, and IR [106].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls (2019) · cites this paper as [106]
Early pubertal nonhuman primates treated with testosterone and a "Western style diet" with increased fat content showed increased larger visceral adipocytes, greater insulin resistance, and ectopic fat storage.
“Early pubertal NHP treated with testosterone and a “Western style diet” with increased fat content showed increased larger visceral adipocytes, greater IR, and ectopic fat storage [106].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls (2019) · cites this paper as [106]
Among prenatally androgenized nonhuman primates, when the capacity of subcutaneous adipocytes to store fat is exceeded, excess free fatty acids may be deposited in ectopic locations such as liver and muscle.
“Among prenatally androgenized NHPs, when the capacity of subcutaneous adipocytes to store fat is exceeded, excess free fatty acids may be deposited in ectopic locations such a liver and muscle; consequences of ectopic fat deposition may include impaired tissue hypoxia, inflammation, and IR [106].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls (2019) · cites this paper as [106]
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- Authors
- True, C., Abbott, D. H., Roberts, C. T., & Varlamov, O.
- Affiliations
- Oregon National Primate Research Center (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roberts, Charles T.
- Venue
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 1043
- Pages
- 559-574
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- PMC
- PMC5893331
- OpenAlex
- W2772678050
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 7.13
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P51OD011106, P51OD011092)
- National Institute on Aging (R21AG047543)
- National Center for Research Resources (R01RR013635)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD044405, P50HD071836)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- sex differences, androgens, non-human primates, metabolism, hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome, dietary restriction, Western diet, obesity, diabetes mellitus, sex hormones
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Hypogonadism, Male, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Primates, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Species Specificity, Caloric Restriction, Diet, Western
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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