Increased sensitivity to amphetamine and reward-related stimuli following social isolation in rats: possible disruption of dopamine-dependent mechanisms of the nucleus accumbens
Abstract
These experiments compared isolation-reared and socially-reared rats in two complementary paradigms for measuring responding to signals of reward, both undrugged and following either systemic or intraaccumbens d-amphetamine (AMPH). In experiment 1, locomotor activity conditioned to food presentation was measured in rats exposed to a restricted feeding schedule. The interaction between this conditioned activity, AMPH administration (0.5, 2.0, 3.5, 5.0 mg/kg IP) and motivational state was measured. In experiment 2, hungry rats were trained to associate a compound light/noise stimulus with sucrose reward and were then implanted with guide cannulae in the nucleus accumbens. In the test phase, responding on one of two novel levers produced the compound stimulus (conditioned reinforcer; CR). Responses on the other lever had no effect. Each rat received four counterbalanced intra-accumbens infusions of AMPH (0, 3, 10, 20 micrograms). In both experiments, isolated rats responded more with stimuli associated with reward and this differential rearing effect was further exaggerated by AMPH. The isolation-induced sensitivity to these stimuli and to AMPH was critically dependent on motivational variables. Thus, in experiment 1 there were no differences between the groups when sated or during extinction and in experiment 2 the increased responding was restricted to the lever providing CR. Measurements of the locomotor response to intra-accumbens AMPH (0, 3, 10 micrograms) also revealed that isolated rats were more sensitive to a low dose of the drug when tested food-deprived in a relatively novel environment. These results suggest that the experience of isolation-rearing interacts either directly or indirectly with dopamine-dependent mechanisms of the nucleus accumbens to enhance the effects of reward-related stimuli.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Social isolation increases indices of approach motivation, including enhanced responding for increasing sucrose concentrations and greater conditioned responses to sucrose-related stimuli.
“Increased indices of approach motivation are also found following social isolation, with evidence of enhanced responding for increasing concentrations of sucrose (Cuenya et al., 2015; Hall et al., 1997), as well as greater conditioned responses to sucrose-related stimuli (Jones et al., 1990).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Jones et al., 1990
Cites
The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Palkovits, M. (1983) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(83)90049-5 · Cited by 28,959 · see citing works
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585 · see citing works
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137 · see citing works
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
Myers, J. L., & Winer, B. J. (1964) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419292 · Cited by 8,111 · see citing works
A stereotaxic atlas of the rat brain
Pellegrino, L. J., & Cushman, A. J. (1967) · Plenum Press eBooks · Cited by 4,695 · see citing works
Bardo, M. T., & Hammer, R. P. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90226-e · Cited by 3,229 · see citing works
The Psychology of Animal Learning
Hill, W. F., & Mackintosh, N. J. (1976) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421765 · Cited by 2,397 · see citing works
From motivation to action: Functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system
MOGENSON, G., JONES, D., & YIM, C. (1980) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(80)90018-0 · Cited by 2,331 · see citing works
Kelly, P. H., Seviour, P. W., & Iversen, S. D. (1975) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90233-4 · Cited by 1,740 · see citing works
Kelley, A. E., Domesick, V. B., & Nauta, W. J. H. (1982) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(82)90067-7 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Kelley, A. E., & Domesick, V. B. (1982) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(82)90198-1 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Involvement of the amygdala in stimulus-reward associations: interaction with the ventral striatum
Cador, M., Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1989) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90354-0 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Self-citationPettit, H. O., Ettenberg, A., Bloom, F. E., & Koob, G. F. (1984) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00427441 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Effects of chemical stimulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system upon locomotor activity
Pijnenburg, A. J. J., Honig, W. M. M., van Rossum, J. M., & van Rossum, J. M. (1976) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(76)90299-5 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Lyness, W. H., Friedle, N. M., & Moore, K. E. (1979) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(79)90040-6 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Taylor, J. R., & Robbins, T. W. (1984) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00555222 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased concentrations and lateral asymmetry of amygdala dopamine in schizophrenia
Reynolds, G. P. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/305527a0 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Increased Brain Dopamine and Dopamine Receptors in Schizophrenia
Mackay, A. V. P. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290090001001 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Self-injection of amphetamine directly into the brain
Hoebel, B. G., Monaco, A. P., Hernandez, L., Aulisi, E. F., Stanley, B. G., & Lenard, L. (1983) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00429012 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Functional Studies of the Central Catecholamines
Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1982) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60628-5 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citationToward a Clearer Definition of the Attentional Deficit of Hyperactive Children
Douglas, V. I., & Peters, K. G. (1979) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2985-5_8 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Taylor, J. R., & Robbins, T. W. (1986) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00179197 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationResponse to stress of mesocortico-frontal dopaminergic neurones in rats after long-term isolation
Blanc, G., Hervé, D., Simon, H., Lisoprawski, A., Glowinski, J., & Tassin, J. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/284265a0 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Sahakian, B. J., Robbins, T. W., Morgan, M. J., & Iversen, S. D. (1975) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90975-0 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-citationConditioned place preference from intra-accumbens but not intra-caudate amphetamine injections
Carr, G. D., & White, N. M. (1983) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(83)90165-0 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Norepinephrine in Chronic Paranoid Schizophrenia: Above-Normal Levels in Limbic Forebrain
Farley, I. J., Price, K. S., McCullough, E. J., Deck, J. H. N., Hordynsky, W. E., & Hornykiewicz, O. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.644310 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Werner, E. Ε., & Smith, R. S. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Stewart, M. A. (1978) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61031-1 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Yang, C. R., & Mogenson, G. J. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90623-1 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Monoamine Mechanisms in Chronic Schizophrenia: Post-Mortem Neurochemical Findings
Crow, T. J., Baker, H. F., Cross, A. J., Joseph, M. H., Lofthouse, R., Longden, A., Owen, F., Riley, G. J., Glover, V. A. S., & Killpack, W. S. (1979) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.134.3.249 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Response of nucleus accumbens neurons to amygdala stimulation and its modification by dopamine
Yim, C. Y., & Mogenson, G. J. (1982) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90518-2 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Schenk, S., Lacelle, G., Gorman, K., & Amit, Z. (1987) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)91003-2 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Jones, D. L., Mogenson, G. J., & Wu, M. (1981) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(81)90038-1 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Reward, Motivation, Cognition: Psychobiology of Mesotelencephalic Dopamine Systems
Fibiger, H. C., & Phillips, A. G. (1986) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010412 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Relation of random activity to food deprivation.
Campbell, B. A., & Sheffield, F. D. (1953) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0062866 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Reward-Induced Stereotypy: Modulation by the Hippocampus
Devenport, L. D., Devenport, J. A., & Holloway, F. A. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7195073 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Gentsch, C., Lichtsteiner, M., Frischknecht, H. R., Feer, H., & Siegfried, B. (1988) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90091-1 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Robbins, T. W., Roberts, D. C. S., & Koob, G. F. (1983) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)33532-9 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental Neuropsychiatry.
PERKINS, M. (1997) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.76.4.385p · Cited by 124 · see citing works
The role of mesolimbic dopamine in conditioned locomotion produced by amphetamine.
Gold, L. H., Swerdlow, N. R., & Koob, G. F. (1988) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.102.4.544 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The role of experience in the "spontaneous" activity of hungry rats.
Sheffield, F. D., & Campbell, B. A. (1954) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0059475 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Incentive motivation and behavioral inhibition in socially-isolated rats
Morgan, M. J. (1975) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(75)90205-x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Potentiation of Amphetamine-induced Arousal by Starvation
Campbell, B. A., & Fibiger, H. C. (1971) · Nature · doi:10.1038/233424a0 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Carter, C. J., & PYCOCK, C. (1979) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00499718 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Isolation-rearing enhances tail pinch-induced oral behavior in rats
Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (1977) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(77)90093-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationEinon, D. F., & Morgan, M. K. (1978) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640747808400663 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The role of mesolimbic dopamine in conditioned locomotion produced by amphetamine.
Gold, L. H., Swerdlow, N. R., & Koob, G. F. (1988) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.102.4.544 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Thoa, N. B., Tizabi, Y., & Jacobowitz, D. M. (1977) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)90519-4 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Incentive motivation and behavioral inhibition in socially-isolated rats
Morgan, M. J., & Einon, D. F. (1975) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(75)90250-4 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Isolation-rearing retards the acquisition of schedule-induced polydipsia in rats
Jones, G. H., Robbins, T. W., & Marsden, C. A. (1989) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(89)90167-4 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased dopamine receptor binding in the striatum of rats after long-term isolation
Guisado, E., Fernández-Tomé, P., Garzón, J., & Rı́o, J. D. (1980) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(80)90359-3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lyness, W. H., & Moore, K. E. (1981) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(81)90004-6 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ko, K. H., Dailey, J. W., & Jobe, P. C. (1982) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)33258-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Einon, D. F., & Sahakian, B. J. (1979) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00432276 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Weinstock, M., & Speiser, Z. (1973) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00422870 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Housing conditions fail to affect the intravenous self-administration of amphetamine
Schenk, S., Robinson, B., & Amit, Z. (1988) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(88)90311-5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Neill, D. B., Ross, J. F., & Grossman, S. P. (1974) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(74)90048-1 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Effect of isolation on barbiturate anaesthesia in the rat
Einon, D. F., Stewart, J., Atkinson, S., & Morgan, M. J. (1976) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00634160 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Differential rearing affects responsiveness of rats to depressant and convulsant drugs
Juraska, J. M., Greenough, W. T., & Conlee, J. W. (1983) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(83)80008-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Apomorphine-induced stereotypy: Function of age and rearing environment
Chitkara, B., Durcan, M. J., & Campbell, I. C. (1984) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(84)80056-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Social Experience as a Determinant of Normal Behavior and Drug Effect
Valzelli, L. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4214-4_11 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Robinson, T. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p · Cited by 7,346 · see citing works
Fone, K. C. F., & Porkess, M. V. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.03.003 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Psychobiology of novelty seeking and drug seeking behavior
Bardo, M. T., Donohew, R. L., & Harrington, N. G. (1996) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00203-0 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Heidbreder, C. A., Weiss, I. C., Domeney, A. M., Pryce, C., Homberg, J., Hedou, G., Feldon, J., Moran, M. C., & Nelson, P. (2000) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00336-5 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Imaging endogenous dopamine competition with [<sup>11</sup>C]raclopride in the human brain
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Schlyer, D., Hitzemann, R., Lieberman, J., Angrist, B., Pappas, N., MacGregor, R., et al. (1994) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890160402 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Jones, G. H., Hernandez, T. D., Kendall, D. A., Marsden, C. A., & Robbins, T. W. (1992) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(92)90635-s · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural circuits subserving behavioral flexibility and their relevance to schizophrenia
Floresco, S. B., Zhang, Y., & Enomoto, T. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.12.001 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Response to novelty predicts the locomotor and nucleus accumbens dopamine response to cocaine
Hooks, M. S., Jones, G. H., Smith, A. D., Neill, D. B., & Justice, J. B. (1991) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890090206 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationIsolation rearing in rats: pre- and postsynaptic changes in striatal dopaminergic systems
Hall, F. S., Wilkinson, L. S., Humby, T., Inglis, W., Kendall, D. A., Marsden, C. A., & Robbins, T. W. (1998) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00510-8 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationChild Development and Neuroscience.
Nelson, C. A., & Bloom, F. E. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01974.x · Cited by 236 · see citing works
The effects of early life stress on reward processing
Novick, A. M., Levandowski, M. L., Laumann, L. E., Philip, N. S., Price, L. H., & Tyrka, A. R. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.002 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“, 1997), as well as greater conditioned responses to sucrose-related stimuli (Jones et al., 1990).”
BackgroundCador, M., Taylor, J. R., & Robbins, T. W. (1991) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02246039 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Stress responses and the mesolimbic dopamine system: Social contexts and sex differences
Trainor, B. C. (2011) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.08.013 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Zhu, J., & Reith, M. (2008) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152708786927877 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Early adverse experience and substance addiction: Dopamine, oxytocin, and glucocorticoid pathways
Kim, S., Kwok, S., Mayes, L. C., Potenza, M. N., Rutherford, H. J. V., & Strathearn, L. (2017) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13140 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Powell, S. B., Geyer, M. A., Preece, M. A., Pitcher, L. K., Reynolds, G. P., & Swerdlow, N. R. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00122-2 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Social isolation modifies nicotine's effects in animal tests of anxiety
Cheeta, S., Irvine, E., & File, S. E. (2001) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703991 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The effects of isolation-rearing on sucrose consumption in rats
HALL, F., HUMBY, T., WILKINSON, L., & ROBBINS, T. (1997) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00116-9 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationOpioid addiction: who are your real friends?
Eitan, S., Emery, M. A., Bates, M. L. S., & Horrax, C. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.017 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Robbins, T. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116664450 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The influence of postweaning housing conditions on drug-induced conditioned taste aversion
Smith, J. (1998) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00370-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jones, G. H., Marsden, C. A., & Robbins, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- ORCID
- Robbins, T. W.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 1990-11
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 364-372
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W2017838119
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- social isolation, amphetamine sensitivity, nucleus accumbens, dopamine, reward, conditioned reinforcer, sucrose reward, food deprivation, locomotor activity, motivational states
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Conditioning, Operant, Dextroamphetamine, Dopamine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Injections, Motor Activity, Nucleus Accumbens, Reward, Social Isolation, Stereotaxic Techniques, Sucrose, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review