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Cited by 197Diet and metabolism studiesDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and Management

The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial

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Larsen, R. N., Mann, N. J., Maclean, E., Shaw, J. E.·2011·Diabetologia
DOI 10.1007/s00125-010-2027-y
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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis Short-term dietary studies suggest that high-protein diets can enhance weight loss and improve glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. However, the long-term effects of such diets are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether high-protein diets are superior to high-carbohydrate diets for improving glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods Overweight/obese individuals (BMI 27-40 kg/m(2)) with type 2 diabetes (HbA(1c) 6.5-10%) were recruited for a 12 month, parallel design, dietary intervention trial conducted at a diabetes specialist clinic (Melbourne, VIC, Australia). Of the 108 initially randomised, 99 received advice to follow low-fat (30% total energy) diets that were either high in protein (30% total energy, n = 53) or high in carbohydrate (55% total energy, n = 46). Dietary assignment was done by a third party using computer-generated random numbers. The primary endpoint was change in HbA(1c). Secondary endpoints included changes in weight, lipids, blood pressure, renal function and calcium loss. Study endpoints were assessed blinded to the diet group, but the statistical analysis was performed unblinded. This study used an intention-to-treat model for all participants who received dietary advice. Follow-up visits were encouraged regardless of dietary adherence and last measurements were carried forward for study non-completers. Results Ninety-nine individuals were included in the analysis (53 in high protein group, 46 in high carbohydrate group). HbA(1c) decreased in both groups over time, with no significant difference between groups (mean difference of the change at 12 months; 0.04 [95% CI -0.37, 0.46]; p = 0.44). Both groups also demonstrated decreases over time in weight, serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, and increases in HDL-cholesterol. No differences in blood pressure, renal function or calcium loss were seen. Conclusions/interpretation These results suggest that there is no superior long-term metabolic benefit of a high-protein diet over a high-carbohydrate in the management of type 2 diabetes. Trial registration ACTRN12605000063617 ( www.anzctr.org.au ). Funding This study was funded by a nutritional research grant from Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA). J.E. Shaw is supported by NHMRC Fellowship 586623.

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  • In a recent study of older patients with moderate Type 2 diabetes but no kidney disease, those who ate a high-protein diet (about 30% kcal from protein) tended to require fewer glucose-lowering medications after 1 year compared with baseline.

    “However, a recent study of older patients (upper age limit: 75 years) with moderate Type 2 diabetes (HbA 1c about 7.9%) but no kidney disease, showed that those who ate a high-protein diet (about 30% kcal from protein) tended to require fewer glucose-lowering medications after 1 year, compared with their baseline medication levels.105”

    From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [105]

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Authors
Larsen, R. N., Mann, N. J., Maclean, E., & Shaw, J. E.
Affiliations
  • Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
  • RMIT University (AU)
Corresponding author
Larsen, R. N.
ORCID
Venue
Diabetologia
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2011-01-20
Volume
54
Issue
4
Pages
731-740
ISSN
  • 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0428
DOI
10.1007/s00125-010-2027-y
OpenAlex
W2005138391
Cited by
197
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
FWCI
10.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Pfizer
  • GlaxoSmithKline
  • Meat and Livestock Australia
  • Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
  • RMIT University
  • Novo Nordisk
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (586623)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, high-protein diet, low-carbohydrate diet, high-carbohydrate diet, glycemic control, HbA1c, weight loss, overweight and obesity, lipid profile, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, renal function, calcium loss, dietary intervention, long-term dietary effects
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted

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