Transcriptomic profiling of pancreatic alpha, beta and delta cell populations identifies delta cells as a principal target for ghrelin in mouse islets
Open accessAbstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Intra-islet and gut-islet crosstalk are critical in orchestrating basal and postprandial metabolism. The aim of this study was to identify regulatory proteins and receptors underlying somatostatin secretion though the use of transcriptomic comparison of purified murine alpha, beta and delta cells. METHODS: Sst-Cre mice crossed with fluorescent reporters were used to identify delta cells, while Glu-Venus (with Venus reported under the control of the Glu [also known as Gcg] promoter) mice were used to identify alpha and beta cells. Alpha, beta and delta cells were purified using flow cytometry and analysed by RNA sequencing. The role of the ghrelin receptor was validated by imaging delta cell calcium concentrations using islets with delta cell restricted expression of the calcium reporter GCaMP3, and in perfused mouse pancreases. RESULTS: A database was constructed of all genes expressed in alpha, beta and delta cells. The gene encoding the ghrelin receptor, Ghsr, was highlighted as being highly expressed and enriched in delta cells. Activation of the ghrelin receptor raised cytosolic calcium levels in primary pancreatic delta cells and enhanced somatostatin secretion in perfused pancreases, correlating with a decrease in insulin and glucagon release. The inhibition of insulin secretion by ghrelin was prevented by somatostatin receptor antagonism. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our transcriptomic database of genes expressed in the principal islet cell populations will facilitate rational drug design to target specific islet cell types. The present study indicates that ghrelin acts specifically on delta cells within pancreatic islets to elicit somatostatin secretion, which in turn inhibits insulin and glucagon release. This highlights a potential role for ghrelin in the control of glucose metabolism.
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Both mouse and human β-cells express Hcn/HCN2-4.
“Both mouse (3, 146) and human (68, 475) β-cells express Hcn/HCN2-4.”
From Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
The Results section describes mouse islet-cell transcriptomic profiling, but the passages found do not report Hcn2, Hcn3, or Hcn4 expression in β-cells. Searches for Hcn/HCN2–4 and hyperpolarization-activated channels also found no passage supporting the mouse-specific part attributed to this paper; the human-specific part is attributed to other citations in the sentence. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredvNUT is expressed in mouse β-cells.
“which is expressed in mouse β-cells(3, 146).”
From Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
The Methods (Islet isolation and FACS; page unavailable) describe isolating mouse β-cells, and the Discussion (page unavailable) describes comparing their transcriptomes with those of other islet cells. Neither passage reports vNUT expression in β-cells; searches for vNUT, vesicular nucleotide transporter, and Slc17a9 found no passage addressing it. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGABA transporters GAT1-3 are only expressed at low levels in mouse and human β-cells.
“However, these are only expressed at low levels in mouse and human β-cells alike (3, 68, 146, 475).”
From Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
The Results and Discussion passages describe low or negligible expression of the ghrelin receptor Ghsr in mouse β-cells, not GABA transporters. Searches for GABA, GAT1–3, and their gene names found no passage in our copy addressing transporter expression in mouse or human β-cells; no page numbers were provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth human and mouse β-cells express Slc6a17/SLC6a17, which encodes a synaptic vesicle glycine transporter.
“Both human and mouse β-cells also express Slc6a17/SLC6a17 (3, 68, 146, 475) that encodes a synaptic vesicle glycine transporter (502).”
From Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
The Methods (Islet isolation and FACS) and Results (Transcriptomic profiling) describe sequencing mouse β-cells, but the passages in our copy do not identify Slc6a17 among the expressed genes or report its expression in human β-cells. Searches for Slc6a17, SLC6A17, and the glycine-transporter description found no passage establishing the expression claim. The separate citation (502) is attached to the transporter-function statement, so that statement is not assessed against this source. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn human β-cells, only SYN1 is expressed, whereas mouse β-cells express both Syn1 and Syn2.
“In human β-cells, only SYN1 is expressed, whereas mouse β-cells express both Syn1 and Syn2 (3, 68, 146, 475).”
From Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
The Results describe RNA sequencing of mouse alpha, beta and delta cells, but do not report Syn1 or Syn2 expression. The Discussion calls the work a murine transcriptomic comparison; searches for Syn1, Syn2 and synapsin found no passage establishing the claimed human–mouse difference. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Doc2A and Doc2B are expressed at low levels in mouse and human β-cells.
“These are both expressed at low levels in mouse and human β-cells (3, 68, 146, 475).”
From Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
The Discussion describes a transcriptomic comparison of mouse islet cells, but does not report Doc2A or Doc2B expression levels. Searches for Doc2A, Doc2B, and their full protein name found no passage addressing their expression in mouse or human β-cells. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMouse and human β-cells express CAPS1 and low amounts of CAPS2.
“Mouse and human β-cells express CAPS1 (Cadps/CADPS) and low amounts of CAPS2 (Cadps2/CADPS2) (3, 68, 146, 475).”
From Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
The Methods and Results describe transcriptomic profiling of mouse islet cells, but the passages in our copy do not report CAPS1/Cadps or CAPS2/Cadps2 expression. Searches for those gene names and for human β-cell transcriptome findings found no passage establishing the claimed expression levels in mouse or human β-cells. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Self-citationThe Insulinostatic Effect of Ghrelin Requires MRAP2 Expression in δ Cells
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INSL5 activates multiple signalling pathways and regulates GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells
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- Authors
- Adriaenssens, A. E., Svendsen, B., Lam, B. Y. H., Yeo, G. S. H., Holst, J. J., Reimann, F., & Gribble, F. M.
- Affiliations
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (GB)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Reimann, Frank
- Gribble, Fiona M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2016-07-07
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2156-2165
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- PMC
- PMC5016554
- OpenAlex
- W2460804009
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 25.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (106262/Z/14/Z)
- Medical Research Council (MRC_MC_UU_12012/5)
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- ghrelin, growth hormone secretagogue receptor, pancreatic delta cells, somatostatin secretion, pancreatic islets, alpha cells, pancreatic beta cells, insulin secretion, glucagon secretion, glucose metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcium, Glucagon, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Somatostatin-Secreting Cells, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Glucagon-Secreting Cells, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Mice, Ghrelin, Transcriptome
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