Function and mechanisms of enteroendocrine cells and gut hormones in metabolism
Abstract
Gut hormones have many key roles in the control of metabolism, as they target diverse tissues involved in the control of intestinal function, insulin secretion, nutrient assimilation and food intake. Produced by scattered cells found along the length of the intestinal epithelium, gut hormones generate signals related to the rate of nutrient absorption, the composition of the luminal milieu and the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Gut hormones already form the basis for existing and developing therapeutics for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, exemplified by the licensed glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors that enhance GLP1 receptor activation. Modulating the release of the endogenous stores of GLP1 and other gut hormones is thought to be a promising strategy to mimic bariatric surgery with its multifaceted beneficial effects on food intake, body weight and blood glucose levels. This Review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of gut hormone release by food ingestion, obesity and the gut microbiota. Depending on the nature of the stimulus, release of gut hormones involves recruitment of a variety of signalling pathways, including G protein-coupled receptors, nutrient transporters and ion channels, which are targets for future therapeutics for diabetes mellitus and obesity.
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including SCFAs, secondary BAs, and indoles, modulate gut hormone secretion from enteroendocrine cells.
“the gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including SCFAs, secondary BAs, and indoles, have been demonstrated to modulate gut hormone secretion from EECs.”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [546]
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Self-citationGeneration of L Cells in Mouse and Human Small Intestine Organoids
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High fat diet impairs the function of glucagon-like peptide-1 producing L-cells
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Self-citationIncretins and the development of type 2 diabetes
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The gut endocrine system as a coordinator of postprandial nutrient homoeostasis
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Electrical activity‐triggered glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion from primary murine L‐cells
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Microbial regulation of the L cell transcriptome
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Germ-Free Mice Model for Studying Host–Microbial Interactions
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Stimulation of GLP-1 Secretion Downstream of the Ligand-Gated Ion Channel TRPA1
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Self-citationCostorage of enteroendocrine hormones evaluated at the cell and subcellular levels in male mice
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Self-citationChylomicrons stimulate incretin secretion in mouse and human cells
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Roberts, G. P., Kay, R. G., Howard, J., Hardwick, R. H., Reimann, F. M., & Gribble, F. M. (2018) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2018.01.039 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationDusaulcy, R., Handgraaf, S., Skarupelova, S., Visentin, F., Vesin, C., Heddad-Masson, M., Reimann, F. M., Gribble, F. M., Philippé, J., & Gosmain, Y. (2016) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1433 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Gribble, F. M., & Reimann, F.
- Affiliations
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gribble, Fiona M.
- Reimann, Frank
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Published
- 2019-02-13
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 226-237
- ISSN
- 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5037
- OpenAlex
- W2914227154
- Cited by
- 670
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 17
- FWCI
- 10.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (106263/Z/14/Z)
- Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00014/3, MC_UU_00014/5)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- enteroendocrine cells, gastrointestinal hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors, type 2 diabetes, obesity, gut microbiota, food intake regulation, nutrient absorption, insulin secretion, G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nutrient transporters, epithelial barrier integrity
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Digestion, Eating, Female, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Humans, Male, Obesity, Prognosis, Risk Assessment, Enteroendocrine Cells, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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