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Cited by 71Visual perception and processing mechanismsSchizophrenia research and treatmentHallucinations in medical conditions

Spatio-temporal luminance contrast sensitivity and visual backward masking in schizophrenia

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Slaghuis, Walter L.·2004·Experimental Brain Research
DOI 10.1007/s00221-003-1771-3
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Abstract

The aim of two experiments was to investigate the relationship between spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity and visual backward masking in normal observers and in subgroups with positive or negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Experiment 1 measured contrast sensitivity for stationary and counterphase-modulated sinusoidal gratings at four spatial (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 cycles/degree) and four temporal frequencies (0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 Hz). The results showed that there were no differences in spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity between the control and positive-symptom group, and in comparison with these groups, contrast sensitivity was significantly lower at all spatial and temporal frequencies in the negative-symptom group. Experiment 2 measured the visibility of a Landolt C target with a constant target stimulus duration of 4.0 ms followed by a 150-ms backward mask, which was presented at 12 stimulus onset asynchronies from 0 to 110 ms in the same groups of observers. Consistent with the findings of the previous experiment, there were no significant differences in backward masking between the control and positive-symptom group, and in comparison with these groups, visual backward masking was significantly higher at all stimulus onset asynchronies from 40 to 110 ms in the negative-symptom group. The present findings show that there were no significant differences in contrast sensitivity and in backward masking between normal observers and a group with positive symptoms in schizophrenia. It was concluded that the reduction in contrast sensitivity for low spatial frequency counterphase flicker in the negative-symptom group is consistent with a reduction in the 'contrast gain control' mechanism of magnocellular channels, and that the reduction in contrast sensitivity for medium and high stationary gratings is consistent with a disorder in parvocellular channels. It was proposed that a disorder in magnocellular channels in the negative-symptom group may enforce a reliance on parvocellular channels that results in longer temporal summation and visible persistence, slower visual processing of single target stimuli at threshold and higher levels of sensory integration, and backward masking when multiple stimuli are presented rapidly in time.

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  • Gain control deficits are related to symptomatology.

    “There is also evidence that gain control deficits, seen in contrast detection and M-pathway deficits, are important in predicting outcome (22,45), and are related to higher-level problems in perceptual organization (28,46) and to symptomatology (20,47–51).”

    From Visual perception and its impairment in schizophrenia (2008) · cites this paper as [49]

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Authors
Slaghuis, W. L.
Affiliations
University of Tasmania (AU)
Corresponding author
Slaghuis, Walter L.
Venue
Experimental Brain Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2004-05-01
Volume
156
Issue
2
Pages
196-211
ISSN
  • 0014-4819 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-1106
DOI
10.1007/s00221-003-1771-3
OpenAlex
W2021886395
Cited by
71
References
118
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
FWCI
2.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Experimental Brain Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UTAS Research Repository (acceptedVersion)
  • eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • University of Tasmania
  • Australian Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
Keywords
schizophrenia, visual backward masking, negative symptoms, positive symptoms, sinusoidal gratings, contrast gain control, temporal summation, stimulus onset asynchrony
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perceptual Masking, Photic Stimulation, Schizophrenia, Time Factors, Contrast Sensitivity

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