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Cited by 192Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsPharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and EffectsMedical Imaging Techniques and Applications

Cellular sources of TSPO expression in healthy and diseased brain

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Nutma, Erik, Ceyzériat, Kelly, Amor, Sandra, Tsartsalis, Stergios, Millet, Philippe, Owen, David R., Papadopoulos, Vassilios, Tournier, Benjamin B.·2021·European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
DOI 10.1007/s00259-020-05166-2PMC PMC8712293
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Abstract

The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a highly conserved protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. TSPO binding, as measured with positron emission tomography (PET), is considered an in vivo marker of neuroinflammation. Indeed, TSPO expression is altered in neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and neuropsychiatric diseases. In PET studies, the TSPO signal is often viewed as a marker of microglial cell activity. However, there is little evidence in support of a microglia-specific TSPO expression. This review describes the cellular sources and functions of TSPO in animal models of disease and human studies, in health, and in central nervous system diseases. A discussion of methods of analysis and of quantification of TSPO is also presented. Overall, it appears that the alterations of TSPO binding, their cellular underpinnings, and the functional significance of such alterations depend on many factors, notably the pathology or the animal model under study, the disease stage, and the involved brain regions. Thus, further studies are needed to fully determine how changes in TSPO binding occur at the cellular level with the ultimate goal of revealing potential therapeutic pathways.

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  • TSPO is expressed in almost all CNS cells, including astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells.

    “Although increased TSPO expression has historically been mostly associated with microglial activation, TSPO is now known to be expressed in almost all CNS cells including astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells [21–27], all of which may also be involved in, or be affected by neuroinflammation [28].”

    From Pharmacological modulation of TSPO in microglia/macrophages and neurons in a chronic neurodegenerative model of prion disease (2023) · cites this paper as [22]

    The Introduction and Conclusion say TSPO occurs in astrocytes and endothelial cells as well as microglia. But the Wild-type section says its expression varies by brain region and that neurons generally lack TSPO in the mouse brain, while noting particular neuronal exceptions. The source therefore does not support the unqualified claim that TSPO is expressed in almost all CNS cells. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nutma, E., Ceyzériat, K., Amor, S., Tsartsalis, S., Millet, P., Owen, D. R., Papadopoulos, V., & Tournier, B. B.
Affiliations
  • Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
  • University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
  • Queen Mary University of London (GB)
  • University of Geneva (CH)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author
Tournier, Benjamin B.
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-01-12
Volume
49
Issue
1
Pages
146-163
ISSN
  • 1619-7070 (ISSN-L)
  • 1619-7089
DOI
10.1007/s00259-020-05166-2
PMC
PMC8712293
OpenAlex
W3119647162
Cited by
192
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 17
FWCI
3.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Université de Genève
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Keywords
translocator protein (TSPO), neuroinflammation, microglia, TSPO PET imaging, mitochondrial outer membrane, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, animal models of disease
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Humans, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Microglia, Receptors, GABA, Positron-Emission Tomography

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