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Cited by 56Schizophrenia research and treatmentHallucinations in medical conditionsVisual perception and processing mechanisms

Binocular depth inversion as a paradigm of reduced visual information processing in prodromal state, antipsychotic-naive and treated schizophrenia

Koethe, Dagmar, Kranaster, Laura, Hoyer, Carolin, Gross, Sonja, Neatby, Miriam A., Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Klosterkötter, Joachim +2 more·2009·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
DOI 10.1007/s00406-008-0851-6
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Abstract

The binocular depth inversion illusion test (BDII) represents a sensitive measure of impaired visual information processing that manifests in various experimental and naturally occurring psychotic states. This study explores impairment of visual processing in different major psychiatric diseases investigating 313 subjects, suffering of either an initial prodromal state of psychosis (IPS) or a first-episode, antipsychotic-naïve paranoid schizophrenia (SZ-N) as well as short-term antipsychotically treated schizophrenia (SZ-T), major depression (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), dementia (D), and healthy controls (HC). Patients suffering from either IPS, SZ-N or a SZ-T showed significantly higher scores of BDII compared to HC, indicating that visual processing is already disturbed at an early state of the disease. For MDD, BD and D no statistically significant difference was found compared to HC. As the identification of individuals at high risk for developing schizophrenia relies on rating scales assessing subtle, pre-psychotic psychopathology, it would be of interest to have more diagnostic criteria available, testing, e.g. cognitive and perceptual impairment. We therefore analysed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, testing prodromal cases versus a clinically relevant sample of non-psychotic patients and controls, which included HC as well as the groups of patients suffering from MDD, BD or D revealing a AUC of 0.70. Thus, the BDII may be useful as an additional neuropsychological test for assessment of patients at high risk for developing schizophrenia.

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  • Decreased susceptibility to illusions in schizophrenia extends to other VI categories, such as Binocular Depth Inversion, illusory motion and motion-induced illusions.

    “but were also extended to other VI categories, such as the Binocular Depth Inversion (Koethe et al., 2009), illusory motion and motion-induced illusions (Tschacher et al., 2006; Crawford et al., 2010).”

    From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Koethe et al., 2009

  • Patients with schizophrenia failed to correct for the inverted Hollow Mask to a more plausible interpretation, which can be explained by an underweighting of prior knowledge during perceptual inferences.

    “The fact that patients with schizophrenia failed to correct for the inverted Hollow Mask to a more plausible (or predictable) interpretation can also be explained by an underweighting of prior knowledge during perceptual inferences (Schmeider et al., 1996; Schneider et al., 2002; Koethe et al., 2009).”

    From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Koethe et al., 2009

  • Using the Binocular depth inversion paradigm, Koethe et al. (2009) found a significant reduction in visual illusion sensitivity in medicated schizophrenia patients, antipsychotic-naïve individuals, and prodromal state individuals.

    “Using the Binocular depth inversion paradigm, Koethe et al. (2009) identified a significant reduction in VI sensitivity not only in medicated schizophrenia patients but also in antipsychotic-naïve and prodromal state individuals.”

    From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Koethe et al. (2009)

  • Studies comparing schizophrenia with bipolar or major depressive disorder found that the latter two groups were normally sensitive to Binocular depth inversion and Contrast modulation, significantly different from schizophrenia patients.

    “studies that directly compared patients who suffered from schizophrenia with patients who suffered from bipolar or major depressive disorders found that the latter two groups were normally sensitive to Binocular depth inversion (Schneider et al., 2002; Koethe et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2013) and Contrast modulation (Dakin et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2013), which was significantly different from the”

    From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Koethe et al., 2009

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Authors
Koethe, D., Kranaster, L., Hoyer, C., Gross, S., Neatby, M. A., Schultze-Lutter, F., Ruhrmann, S., Klosterkötter, J., Hellmich, M., & Leweke, F. M.
Affiliations
University of Cologne (DE)
Corresponding author
Leweke, F. Markus
ORCID
Venue
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2009-01-22
Volume
259
Issue
4
Pages
195-202
ISSN
  • 0003-9373 (ISSN-L)
  • 0940-1334
  • 1433-8491
DOI
10.1007/s00406-008-0851-6
OpenAlex
W2016478629
Cited by
56
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI
2.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords
visual processing, schizophrenia, prodromal psychosis, antipsychotic drugs, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dementia, neuropsychological assessment, perceptual impairment
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Bipolar Disorder, Dementia, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Depth Perception, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia, Paranoid, Antipsychotic Agents, Vision, Binocular, Vision Disparity

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