Preventive effects of Spirulina platensis on skeletal muscle damage under exercise-induced oxidative stress
Abstract
The effects of spirulina supplementation on preventing skeletal muscle damage on untrained human beings were examined. Sixteen students volunteered to take Spirulina platensis in addition to their normal diet for 3-weeks. Blood samples were taken after finishing the Bruce incremental treadmill exercise before and after treatment. The results showed that plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased after supplementation with spirulina (P < 0.05). The activity of blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly raised after supplementation with spirulina or soy protein (P < 0.05). Both of the blood glutathione peroxidaes (GPx) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly different between spirulina and soy protein supplementation by an ANCOVA analysis (P < 0.05). In addition, the lactate (LA) concentration was higher and the time to exhaustion (TE) was significantly extended in the spirulina trail (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ingestion of S. platensis showed preventive effect of the skeletal muscle damage and that probably led to postponement of the time of exhaustion during the all-out exercise.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The antioxidant effect of Spirulina is confirmed by intervention studies.
“Although the antioxidant effect of Spirulina is confirmed by the intervention studies”
From Antioxidant, Immunomodulating, and Microbial‐Modulating Activities of the Sustainable and Ecofriendly <i>Spirulina</i> (2017) · cites this paper as [95]
Cites
Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., STOHS, S. J., Das, D. K., Ray, S. D., KUSZYNSKI, C. A., Joshi, S. S., & Pruess, H. G. (2000) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00210-9 · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works
Spirulina Platensis Arthrospira
(1997) · doi:10.1201/9781482272970 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Generation of reactive oxygen species after exhaustive aerobic and isometric exercise
Alessio, H. M., Hagerman, A. E., FULKERSON, B. K., AMBROSE, J., Rice, R. E., & Wiley, R. L. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009000-00008 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in athletes during extreme endurance exercise
Mastaloudis, A., Leonard, S. W., & Traber, M. G. (2001) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00667-0 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Hayashi (1996) · doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.1463 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Dietary antioxidants and exercise
Powers, S. K., DeRuisseau, K. C., Quindry, J. C., & Hamilton, K. L. (2003) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/0264041031000140563 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Chien, Y., Pan, C., & Hunter, B. A. (2002) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00056-x · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Spirulina (Arthrospira): Potential application as an animal feed supplement
Belay, A., Kato, T., & Ota, Y. (1996) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/bf02178573 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Borowitzka, M. A., Huisman, J. M., & Osborn, A. (1991) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/bf02392882 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Evidence for membrane lipid peroxidation during the in vivo aging of human erythrocytes
Jain, S. K. (1988) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(88)90242-8 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Evaluation of chemoprevention of oral cancer with<i>spirulina fusiformis</i>
Mathew, B., Sankaranarayanan, R., Nair, P. P., Varghese, C., Somanathan, T., Amma, B. P., Amma, N. S., & Nair, M. K. (1995) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635589509514407 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Contraction-induced muscle damage is unaffected by vitamin E supplementation
Beaton, L. J., ALLAN, D. A., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Tiidus, P. M., & Phillips, S. M. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200205000-00012 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Nutritional Antioxidants as Therapeutic and Preventive Modalities in Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Goldfarb, A. H. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h99-021 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Effects of a 7-day eccentric training period on muscle damage and inflammation
Chen, T. C., & Hsieh, S. S. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200110000-00018 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Muscle damage and soreness after endurance exercise of the elbow flexors
Nosaka, K., Newton, M. J., & Sacco, P. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200206000-00003 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Langberg, H., Skovgaard, D. C., Asp, S., & Kjær, M. (2000) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223001094 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Micheletti, A., Rossi, R., & Rufini, S. (2001) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200131080-00002 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Mani, U. V., Desai, S., & Iyer, U. (2000) · Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional & Medical Foods · doi:10.1300/j133v02n03_03 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Al-Batshan, H. A., Al-Mufarrej, S. I., Al-Homaidan, A. A., & Qureshi, M. A. (2001) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.1081/iph-100103866 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Class Specific Influence of Dietary Spirulina platensis on Antibody Production in Mice.
Hayashi, O., Hirahashi, T., KATOH, T., MIYAJIMA, H., HIRANO, T., & Okuwaki, Y. (1998) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.44.841 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Rodrı́guez-Hernández, A., Blé-Castillo, J. L., Juárez-Oropeza, M. A., & Dı́az-Zagoya, J. C. (2001) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01185-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Membrane leakage and increased content of Na+-K+ pumps and Ca2+ in human muscle after a 100-km run
Overgaard, K., Lindstrøm, T., Ingemann-Hansen, T., et al. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00669.2001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Svensson, M., Malm, C., Tonkonogi, M., Ekblom, B. T., Sjödin, B., & Sahlin, K. (1999) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition · doi:10.1123/ijsn.9.2.166 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle
Reznick, A. Z., Packer, L., Sen, C. K., et al. (1998) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8958-2 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Optimization of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) production inSpirulina platensis
Tanticharoen, M., Reungjitchachawali, M., Boonag, B., Vonktaveesuk, P., Vonshak, A., & Cohen, Z. (1994) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/bf02181942 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Salubrious effect of C-phycocyanin against oxalate-mediated renal cell injury
Farooq, S. M., Devarajan, A., Sakthivel, R., Kalaiselvi, P., & Varalakshmi, P. (2004) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.05.016 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Antioxidants, Carnitine, and Choline as Putative Ergogenic Aids
Kanter, M. M., & Williams, M. H. (1995) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition · doi:10.1123/ijsn.5.s1.s120 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Gireesh, T., Nair, P. P., & Sudhakaran, P. R. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041175 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Oxidation of Polyphenols and the Effect on In vitro Iron Accessibility in a Model Food System
Matuschek, E., & Svanberg, U. (2002) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11421.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Free radical mechanisms in exercise-related muscle damage
Jackson, M. J. (1998) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8958-2_5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The effect of Spirulina supplementation on blood haemoglobin levels of anaemic adult girls.
Mani, U. V., Sadliwala, A., Iyer, U. M., & Parikh, P. (2000) · Journal of Food Science and Technology · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Paredes-Carbajal, M. C., Torres-Durán, P. V., Díaz-Zagoya, J. C., Mascher, D., & Juárez-Oropeza, M. A. (2001) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00390-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Negative chemotaxis in bacteria
Doetsch, R. N., & Seymour, W. F. K. (1970) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(70)90011-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Loss of Myocardial CK-MB into the Circulation Following 3.5 Hours of Swimming in a Rat Model
Chen, Y., SERFASS, R. C., & Apple, F. S. (2000) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2000-8485 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Exercise training increases creatine kinase capacity in canine myocardium
STUEWE, S. R., Gwirtz, P. A., & Mallet, R. T. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200101000-00015 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Me, A., Starkey, B. J., Ziada, A. M., et al. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Song, Y. J., Igawa, S., & Horii, A. (1996) · Applied Human Science Journal of Physiological Anthropology · doi:10.2114/jpa.15.219 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina: An overview
Wu, Q., Liu, L., Miron, A., Klímová, B., Wan, D., & Kuča, K. (2016) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1744-5 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant, and Antiinflammatory Activities of Microalgae <i>Spirulina</i>
Deng, R., & Chow, T. (2010) · Cardiovascular Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00200.x · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Safi, C., Charton, M., Pignolet, O., Silvestre, F., Vaca-Garcia, C., & Pontalier, P.-Y. (2013) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-012-9886-1 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Finamore, A., Palmery, M., Bensehaila, S., & Peluso, I. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/3247528 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
United States Pharmacopeia Safety Evaluation of Spirulina
Marles, R. J., Barrett, M. L., Barnes, J., Chavez, M. L., Gardiner, P., Ko, R., Mahady, G. B., Dog, T. L., Sarma, N. D., Giancaspro, G. I., et al. (2011) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408391003721719 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Vitamin A, Nutrition, and Health Values of Algae: Spirulina, Chlorella, and Dunaliella
Tang, G., & Suter, P. M. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.6000/1927-5951.2011.01.02.04 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Ergogenic and antioxidant effects of spirulina supplementation in humans
KALAFATI, M., JAMURTAS, A. Z., NIKOLAIDIS, M. G., PASCHALIS, V., THEODOROU, A. A., SAKELLARIOU, G. K., KOUTEDAKIS, Y., & KOURETAS, D. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ac7a45 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Anti-Oxidation Properties and Therapeutic Potentials of Spirulina
Han, P., Li, J., Zhong, H., Xie, J., Zhang, P., Lu, Q., Li, J., Xu, P., Chen, P., Leng, L., et al. (2021) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102240 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Gogna, S., Kaur, J., Sharma, K., Prasad, R., Singh, J., Bhadariya, V., Kumar, P., & Jarial, S. (2023) · Journal of the American Nutrition Association · doi:10.1080/27697061.2022.2103852 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
de la Jara, A., Ruano-Rodriguez, C., Polifrone, M., Assunçao, P., Brito-Casillas, Y., Wägner, A. M., & Serra-Majem, L. (2018) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1468-4 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Calella, P., Cerullo, G., Di Dio, M., Liguori, F., Di Onofrio, V., Gallè, F., & Liguori, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1048258 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Evaluation of protective efficacy of Spirulina platensis against collagen-induced arthritis in rats
Kumar, N., Singh, S., Patro, N., & Patro, I. (2009) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-009-0004-1 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Kean, J., Downey, L., & Stough, C. (2017) · Medicines · doi:10.3390/medicines4040086 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“It has high levels of protein and has demonstrated improved exercise capacity in human trials [161].”
BackgroundJohnson, M., Hassinger, L., Davis, J., Devor, S. T., & DiSilvestro, R. A. (2016) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.3109/09637486.2016.1144719 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sagara, T., Nishibori, N., Kishibuchi, R., Itoh, M., & Morita, K. (2015) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-014-0388-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lu, H.-K., Hsieh, C.-C., Hsu, J.-J., Yang, Y.-K., & Chou, H.-N.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University of Sport (TW)
- MingDao University (TW)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Lu, Hsueh-Kuan
- ORCID
- Lu, Hsueh-Kuan
- Venue
- European Journal of Applied Physiology
- Published
- 2006-08-30
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 220-226
- ISSN
- 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-6319
- 1439-6327
- OpenAlex
- W2042482402
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- Spirulina platensis, skeletal muscle injury, exercise-induced oxidative stress, antioxidant supplementation, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, time to exhaustion, soy protein, treadmill exercise
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cyanobacteria, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Exercise, Oxidative Stress, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review