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Cited by 59Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingExercise and Physiological Responses

Creatine ingestion augments dietary carbohydrate mediated muscle glycogen supercompensation during the initial 24 h of recovery following prolonged exhaustive exercise in humans

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Roberts, Paul A., Fox, John, Peirce, Nicholas, Jones, Simon W., Casey, Anna, Greenhaff, Paul L.·2016·Amino Acids
DOI 10.1007/s00726-016-2252-xPMC PMC4974290
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Abstract

Muscle glycogen availability can limit endurance exercise performance. We previously demonstrated 5 days of creatine (Cr) and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion augmented post-exercise muscle glycogen storage compared to CHO feeding alone in healthy volunteers. Here, we aimed to characterise the time-course of this Cr-induced response under more stringent and controlled experimental conditions and identify potential mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon. Fourteen healthy, male volunteers cycled to exhaustion at 70 % VO2peak. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest immediately post-exercise and after 1, 3 and 6 days of recovery, during which Cr or placebo supplements (20 g day(-1)) were ingested along with a prescribed high CHO diet (37.5 kcal kg body mass(-1) day(-1), >80 % calories CHO). Oral-glucose tolerance tests (oral-GTT) were performed pre-exercise and after 1, 3 and 6 days of Cr and placebo supplementation. Exercise depleted muscle glycogen content to the same extent in both treatment groups. Creatine supplementation increased muscle total-Cr, free-Cr and phosphocreatine (PCr) content above placebo following 1, 3 and 6 days of supplementation (all P < 0.05). Creatine supplementation also increased muscle glycogen content noticeably above placebo after 1 day of supplementation (P < 0.05), which was sustained thereafter. This study confirmed dietary Cr augments post-exercise muscle glycogen super-compensation, and demonstrates this occurred during the initial 24 h of post-exercise recovery (when muscle total-Cr had increased by <10 %). This marked response ensued without apparent treatment differences in muscle insulin sensitivity (oral-GTT, muscle GLUT4 mRNA), osmotic stress (muscle c-fos and HSP72 mRNA) or muscle cell volume (muscle water content) responses, such that another mechanism must be causative.

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  • In recreationally active males, creatine supplementation (20 g/day with high carbohydrate diet for 6 days after exercise) significantly augmented the post-exercise increase in muscle glycogen content.

    “Cr supplementation significantly augmented the post-exercise increase in muscle glycogen content”

    From Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans. (2017) · cites this paper as Roberts et al., 2016 (89)

  • Chronic creatine supplementation prior to an exhaustive exercise bout and glycogen loading promotes greater glycogen resynthesis than carbohydrate loading alone.

    “Additionally, it has been shown that chronic creatine supplementation prior to an exhaustive exercise bout and glycogen loading promotes greater glycogen resynthesis than just carbohydrate loading alone [101].”

    From The 4R’s Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates (2020) · cites this paper as [101]

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Authors
Roberts, P. A., Fox, J., Peirce, N., Jones, S. W., Casey, A., & Greenhaff, P. L.
Affiliations
  • University of Nottingham (GB)
  • Qinetiq (United Kingdom) (GB)
Corresponding author
Greenhaff, Paul L.
ORCID
Venue
Amino Acids
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-05-19
Volume
48
Issue
8
Pages
1831-1842
ISSN
  • 0939-4451 (ISSN-L)
  • 1438-2199
DOI
10.1007/s00726-016-2252-x
PMC
PMC4974290
OpenAlex
W2396471847
Cited by
59
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3
FWCI
3.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Amino Acids (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Chemical Biological Defence and Human Sciences Domain of the UK MoD Corporate Research Programme
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
creatine supplementation, post-exercise recovery, exhaustive exercise, carbohydrate intake, phosphocreatine, muscle creatine, muscle glycogen storage, insulin sensitivity, GLUT4, osmotic stress, c-fos, HSP72, muscle water content, endurance exercise performance
MeSH terms
Adult, Creatine, Dietary Carbohydrates, Gene Expression Regulation, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycogen, Humans, Male, Muscle Proteins, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal

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