The DOI matches its Crossref record; 128 of the 130 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) refers to a popular therapeutic approach that has been applied to a variety of problems. The goal of this review was to provide a comprehensive survey of meta-analyses examining the efficacy of CBT. We identified 269 meta-analytic studies and reviewed of those a representative sample of 106 meta-analyses examining CBT for the following problems: substance use disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, depression and dysthymia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, eating disorders, insomnia, personality disorders, anger and aggression, criminal behaviors, general stress, distress due to general medical conditions, chronic pain and fatigue, distress related to pregnancy complications and female hormonal conditions. Additional meta-analytic reviews examined the efficacy of CBT for various problems in children and elderly adults. The strongest support exists for CBT of anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, bulimia, anger control problems, and general stress. Eleven studies compared response rates between CBT and other treatments or control conditions. CBT showed higher response rates than the comparison conditions in 7 of these reviews and only one review reported that CBT had lower response rates than comparison treatments. In general, the evidence-base of CBT is very strong. However, additional research is needed to examine the efficacy of CBT for randomized-controlled studies. Moreover, except for children and elderly populations, no meta-analytic studies of CBT have been reported on specific subgroups, such as ethnic minorities and low income samples.
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“Cognitive behavioral therapies have been shown to increase success rates and may mitigate suicide risk during smoking cessation.22”
From Are smoking cessation treatments associated with suicidality risk? An overview (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Through changing thoughts and behaviors, this treatment has been demonstrated to help improve mood symptoms and reduce cravings as well as facilitate smoking cessation.22,50”
From Are smoking cessation treatments associated with suicidality risk? An overview (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) theorize that mental disorders, including mood and addiction disorders, are maintained by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors, although the etiology of such disorders may be multicausal, including genetic components.”
From Are smoking cessation treatments associated with suicidality risk? An overview (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Evidence-based psychological treatments for anxiety and depression (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy) are highly effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning [1-3].”
From Clinical Effects of Asynchronous Provider-Guided Practice Sessions During Blended Care Therapy for Anxiety and Depression: Pragmatic Retrospective Cohort Study (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“while general anxiety is related with neuroticism72 and the stress caused by individuals’ maladaptive patterns of thinking, judging, and responding73.”
From Rational thinking as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and dental anxiety (2023) · cites this paper as [73]
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“A variety of evidence-based psychotherapeutic treatments for depression are available (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), chief among them being CBT, shown to help in several chronic conditions, including chronic pain, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, and polycystic ovarian syndrome [37,38].”
From Psychological and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Youth with Serious Physical Illness (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Because of its clear research support, CBT as the gold-standard evolving psychological treatment dominates the international guidelines for psychosocial treatments, making it a first-line treatment for many disorders.”
From Effectiveness of a hybrid arts-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention for patients with non-malignant chronic pain (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
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“4 meta-analyses showed how CBT performed better than the other interventions in the treatment of occupational stress [25].”
From A conversational artificial intelligence agent for a mental health care app: Evaluation study of its participatory design (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“The gold standard intervention to treat anxiety is exposure-based CBT (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
From Targeting excessive avoidance behavior to reduce anxiety related to asthma: A feasibility study of an exposure-based treatment delivered online (2021) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is widely accepted and has been repeatedly found to be effective for a wide range of psychological problems (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
From ICBT program for improving informal caregiver well-being: A qualitative study (2021) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“The efficacy of this treatment is supported by The Task Force Report on Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs; Chambless & Hollon, 1998) and the 12th Division of the APA.”
From Enhancing In Vivo Exposure in the Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Location-Based Technologies: A Case Study (2020) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
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“The effects on antenatal depression are highly comparable to those found for ICBT-programs as well as traditional CBT for depression (Hedman et al., 2012;Hofmann et al., 2012;Cuijpers et al., 2013).”
From Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial (2017) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Cognitive Behav ioural Therapy (CBT) is the most well-established psychological treat ment for anxiety and depression (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
From Effects of group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. (2022) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
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“Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (CBT) have been shown in recent decades to be broadly effective in reducing many forms of mental illness (Hofmann, Asnanni, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012).”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Hofmann, Asnanni, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Decades of research have clearly demonstrated that CBT has robust effects on many different forms of mental illness, including anxiety disorders (Hofmann et al., 2012)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Similarly, CBT, with its focus on modifying maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, has been associated with reductions in stress-related symptoms and pain intensity [64].”
From The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders (2023) · cites this paper as [64]
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In the citing paper
“Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) have been found to be effective in treating individuals presenting with symptoms of anxiety and depression 20, 21 – common complaints of ICs – and hence it is likely an appropriate first choice treatment for ICs.”
From Cognitive behavioral therapies for informal caregivers of patients with cancer and cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as [21]
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In the citing paper
“Interventions that integrate elements of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) have been shown to lead to positive outcomes in improving mental health (22).”
From Efficacy of eHealth interventions to reduce depression symptoms in individuals with obesity: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Changing cognitions and thoughts can help to reduce symptoms [25].”
From A conversational artificial intelligence agent for a mental health care app: Evaluation study of its participatory design (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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In the citing paper
“Furthermore, panic patients who believed that they had control over the amount of CO 2 they inhaled by turning an inoperative dial were less likely to panic than individuals who knew that they had no control over it 26”
From “Third-wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process-based approach to intervention in psychiatry (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“During the past two decades, effective therapies have become available for the treatment of several PDs [14–16].”
From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“As PDs are relatively common in the community, and effective treatment is available for some, health care workers should be aware of the strong link between PDs and work force exclusion.”
From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“A recent review of the literature identified 269 meta-analytic studies examining CBT for nearly every DSM category (Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012).”
From A process-based approach to psychological diagnosis and treatment:The conceptual and treatment utility of an extended evolutionary meta model (2020) · cites this paper as Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012
In the citing paper
“While medication and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) are effective for anxiety disorders (Bandelow et al., 2015;Olatunji, Cisler, & Deacon, 2010), these treatments have limitations, such as drug side-effects and drug dependence, and modest efficacy as only about half of anxiety sufferers respond successfully to CBT (Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“It is not surprising then that protocolized treatments for specific forms of psychopathology are only effective for a portion of patients [10].”
From Using person-specific networks in psychotherapy: challenges, limitations, and how we could use them anyway (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Thus, although there is accumulating evidence for the efficacy of these approaches (Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012; Kuyken et al., 2016), their wide-spread availability is currently limited.”
From Beneficial effects of training in self-distancing and perspective broadening for people with a history of recurrent depression (2017) · cites this paper as Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012
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Items 201–300 of 1,047
Ghielen, I., Rutten, S., Boeschoten, R. E., Houniet-de Gier, M., van Wegen, E. E. H., van den Heuvel, O. A., & Cuijpers, P. (2019) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.05.001 · Cited by 74
“In an extensive review and meta-analysis, Hofmann and colleagues [9], showed that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for psychological distress and, more specifically, anxiety symptoms in patients with psychiatric and medical conditions.”
BackgroundCore Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression
Powers, M. B., de Kleine, R. A., & Smits, J. A. J. (2017) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.010 · Cited by 83
Clark, D. A. (2022) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.02.018 · Cited by 83
Zarotti, N., Eccles, F. J. R., Foley, J. A., Paget, A., Gunn, S., Leroi, I., & Simpson, J. (2021) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12321 · Cited by 73
Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning
Østby, K. A., Czajkowski, N., Knudsen, G. P., Ystrom, E., Gjerde, L. C., Kendler, K. S., Ørstavik, R. E., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0878-0 · Cited by 72
Lange, I., Goossens, L., Michielse, S., Bakker, J. M., Vervliet, B., Marcelis, M. C., Wichers, M., van Os, J., van Amelsvoort, T., & Schruers, K. R. J. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0467-8 · Cited by 74
Hornstein, S., Forman‐Hoffman, V. L., Nazander, A., Ranta, K., & Hilbert, K. (2021) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076211060659 · Cited by 87
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eHealth and mHealth psychosocial interventions for youths with chronic illnesses: systematic review
Lau, N., Waldbaum, S., Parigoris, R., O'Daffer, A., Walsh, C., Colt, S. F., Yi-Frazier, J. P., Palermo, T. M., McCauley, E., & Rosenberg, A. R. (2020) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/22329 · Cited by 68
“We found that over half (7/12, 58%) [45-48,53-58,61] were based on cognitive behavioral therapy principles [62,63].”
BackgroundNREM parasomnias: A treatment approach based upon a retrospective case series of 512 patients
Drakatos, P., Marples, L., Muza, R., Higgins, S., Gildeh, N., Macavei, R., Dongol, E. M., Nesbitt, A., Rosenzweig, I., Lyons, E., et al. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.03.021 · Cited by 72
“Situational stress frequently triggers NREM parasomnias, and cognitive behavioral therapy for stress and anxiety (CBTs-a) can effectively alleviate this factor [17].”
BackgroundIt can’t hurt, right? Adverse effects of psychotherapy in patients with depression
Moritz, S., Nestoriuc, Y., Rief, W., Klein, J. P., Jelinek, L., & Peth, J. (2018) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0931-1 · Cited by 77
The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese people: A meta-analysis
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“A recent review identified 269 meta-analytic studies examining the efficacy of CBT for various disorders (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialGoodman, D., Milliken, C. U., Theiler, R. N., Nordstrom, B. R., & Akerman, S. C. (2015) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2015.1104484 · Cited by 71
“Exposure-based therapies are believed to be safe during pregnancy; however, more research is needed (Arch, Dimidjian, & Chessick, 2012) Meta-analyses of studies testing cognitive behavioral approaches for perinatal mood disorders found that both prenatal and postpartum depression respond better to a combination of cog…”
Reid, A. M., Guzick, A. G., Fernandez, A. G. P., Deacon, B. J., McNamara, J. P. H., Geffken, G. R., McCarty, R. J., & Striley, C. W. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.06.002 · Cited by 73
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“CBT is commonly used in the treatment of mental health disorders especially because of its ability to alleviate distress caused by unhelpful cognitions and reframe these cognitions to lead to more adaptive behaviors [16].”
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“Given that we know that such treatments are effective (EhrenreichMay & Chu, 2014; Hofmann et al. 2012) increasing attendance should reduce suffering, potential Table 2.”
BackgroundThe Use of User-Centered Participatory Design in Serious Games for Anxiety and Depression
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“Of those receiving treatment, dropout remains high and response rates are far from optimal.(2) Technology-based (e-health) interventions were developed to overcome some of the shortcomings of face-to-face therapy, by having the potential to reach a wide range of individuals, reducing long waiting lists, and making tre…”
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“It is not surprising then that protocolized treatments for specific forms of psychopathology are only effective for a portion of patients [10].”
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Mental Disorders in Adults
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“Changing cognitions and thoughts can help to reduce symptoms [25].”
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“It has been shown that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for a variety of mental disorders [2,3].”
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“CBT has been found to be an effective treatment for depression in the general population (Tolin, 2010; Hofmann et al., 2012) as well as in a number of health populations, Accepted July 16, 2013; Early View publication September 3, 2013.”
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“…transdiagnostic, group intervention, anxiety, depression, primary care, control theory Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) offers a range of highly efficacious treatment protocols targeting specific disorders, as evidenced by a substantial number of RCTs (Butler et al., 2006; Hofmann et al., 2012).”
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“behavioral therapy (8,9), interpersonal psychotherapy (10), problem-solving therapy (11), and behavioral activation therapy (12).”
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Reward-Related Neural Circuitry in Depressed and Anxious Adolescents: A Human Connectome Project
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Exploring the frontiers of LLMs in psychological applications: a comprehensive review
Ke, L., Tong, S., Cheng, P., & Peng, K. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5 · Cited by 117
“Psychotherapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (Hofmann et al. 2012) and psychodynamic therapy have become essential tools for promoting mental health and emotional regulation.”
Solem, S., Hagen, R., Wang, C. E. A., Hjemdal, O., Waterloo, K. K., Eisemann, M. R., & Halvorsen, M. B. (2015) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1983 · Cited by 68
“The effect sizes of evidence-based cognitive behaviour therapy for depression vary from small to medium (Hofmann et al., 2012; Lynch, Laws, & McKenna, 2010), so new treatment approaches are warranted.”
BackgroundThompson, K. A., Bulls, H. W., Sibille, K. T., Bartley, E. J., Glover, T. L., Terry, E. L., Vaughn, I. A., Cardoso, J. S., Sotolongo, A. S., Staud, R. M., et al. (2018) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000642 · Cited by 64
Depression in primary care: part 2—management
Ramanuj, P., Ferenchick, E. K., & Pincus, H. A. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l835 · Cited by 68
Terides, M. D., Dear, B. F., Fogliati, V. J., Gandy, M., Karin, E., Jones, M. P., & Titov, N. (2018) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1347195 · Cited by 55
Davis, M. L., Witcraft, S. M., Baird, S. O., & Smits, J. A. J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803457-6.00003-9 · Cited by 73
McAndrew, L. M., Credé, M., Maestro, K. J., Slotkin, S., Kimber, J. M., & Phillips, L. A. (2018) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2018.1521730 · Cited by 72
“Similarly, the effect sizes of cognitive behavioural treatments for MUS are smaller than those for patients with other disorders [e.g. depression) (Hofmann et al., 2012)].”
BackgroundMedeiros, L., Bosse, T., & Gerritsen, C. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems · doi:10.1109/thms.2021.3113643 · Cited by 73
Psychological therapy for anxiety in bipolar spectrum disorders: A systematic review
Stratford, H. J., Cooper, M. J., Di Simplicio, M., Blackwell, S. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.11.002 · Cited by 63
Homework in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Kazantzis, N., Brownfield, N. R., Mosely, L., Usatoff, A. S., & Flighty, A. J. (2017) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.001 · Cited by 66
Anhedonia as a Key Clinical Feature in the Maintenance and Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder
Kiluk, B. D., Yip, S. W., DeVito, E. E., Carroll, K. M., & Sofuoglu, M. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702619855659 · Cited by 61
Psychosocial interventions for adults with newly diagnosed chronic disease: A systematic review
Akyirem, S., Forbes, A., Wad, J. L., & Due-Christensen, M. (2022) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105321995916 · Cited by 60
“, 2018) and the most widely studied psychological intervention (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultScogin, F. R., Lichstein, K. L., DiNapoli, E. A., Woosley, J. A., Thomas, S. J., LaRocca, M. A., Byers, H. D., Mieskowski, L., Parker, C. P., Yang, X. T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000121 · Cited by 69
Shortis, E. J., Warrington, D. J., & Whittaker, P. J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.067 · Cited by 64
Qing, W., Zhang, W., & An, S. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100690 · Cited by 78
“CBT is a therapeutic approach founded on the premise that mental disorders and psychological distress are linked to cognitive factors (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCognitive attributions in depression: Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice.
Rubenstein, L. M., Freed, R. D., Shapero, B. G., Fauber, R. L., & Alloy, L. B. (2016) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000030 · Cited by 62
Treatment and risk factors of I nternet use disorders
Nakayama, H., Mihara, S., & Higuchi, S. (2016) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12493 · Cited by 62
“Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been utilized for the treatment of many psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders, depression, anxiety disorder, and others.(30) CBT is a well-known treatment that is based on the premise that thoughts determine feelings.”
BackgroundAffirmative Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Adults
Austin, A., Craig, S. L., & Alessi, E. J. (2016) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2016.10.003 · Cited by 87
A systematic review of psychological interventions in total hip and knee arthroplasty
Bay, S., Kuster, L., McLean, N. J., Byrnes, M. L., & Kuster, M. S. (2018) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-018-2121-8 · Cited by 62
“Cognitive behaviour therapy Cognitive behaviour therapy seeks to reduce symptoms by modifying maladaptive thought patterns and behaviours [12, 13].”
BackgroundLi, J., Cai, Z., Li, X., Du, R., Shi, Z., Hua, Q., Zhang, M., Zhu, C., Zhang, L., & Zhan, X. (2021) · Annals of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.21037/apm-21-1212 · Cited by 59
“CBT has been applied to treat numerous disorders; it exerts the most potent effect on anxiety disorders (18), and has a moderate effect on anxiety in insomniacs with or without comorbid anxiety (19).”
BackgroundGarnefski, N., van Rood, Y., de Roos, C., & Kraaij, V. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-017-9494-y · Cited by 61
Innovative use of virtual reality in autism spectrum disorder: A case-study
Luca, R. D., Leonardi, S., Portaro, S., Cause, M. L., Domenico, C. D., Colucci, P. V., Pranio, F., Bramanti, P., & Calabrò, R. S. (2019) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2019.1610964 · Cited by 61
Johnson, P. L., Federici, L. M., & Shekhar, A. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.027 · Cited by 64
“…disorder; the type of psychological therapies used; and if this psychological therapy is used in combination with an additional psychological therapy or in combination with pharmacotherapy (Mitte, 2005; Ost, 2008; Sanchez-Meca et al., 2010; Otte, 2011; Hofmann et al., 2012b; Hofmann et al., 2012a).”
Baucom, K. J. W., Sevier, M., Eldridge, K. A., Doss, B. D., & Christensen, A. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025121 · Cited by 61
Lamb, T., Pachana, N. A., & Dissanayaka, N. (2019) · Telemedicine and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2018.0079 · Cited by 55
“An analysis of 42 studies using videoconferencing to treat depression showed that 71% of studies used an individual therapy format, and 45% used CBT. 12 CBT is the standard therapy used in studies on telehealth and has proven efficacy in face-to-face treatment 15 and telehealth studies.”
Ham, K., Chin, S., Suh, Y. J., Rhee, M., Yu, E.-S., Lee, H. J., Kim, J.-H., Kim, S. W., Koh, S.-J., & Chung, K.-M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01592 · Cited by 61
The Risk of Psychological Stress on Cancer Recurrence: A Systematic Review
Oh, H.-M., & Son, C. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13225816 · Cited by 67
“Structured group meetings are one type of cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce negative emotional stress, including anxiety, depression, or fatigue, and have been applied to patients with various disorders/diseases, including cancer [52,53].”
BackgroundDurden, E., Pirner, M. C., Rapoport, S. J., Williams, A., Robinson, A., & Forman-Hoffman, V. L. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100637 · Cited by 59
The Effects of Exercise Training on Anxiety
Herring, M. P., Lindheimer, J. B., & O’Connor, P. J. (2013) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827613508542 · Cited by 72
On the Maintenance of Expectations in Major Depression – Investigating a Neglected Phenomenon
Κube, T., Rief, W., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00009 · Cited by 62
“Moreover, a substantial group of patients does not respond to usual CBT (Hofmann et al., 2012; Button et al., 2015; Beard et al., 2016).”
BackgroundWilmots, E., Midgley, N., Thackeray, L. A., Reynolds, S. A., & Loades, M. E. (2019) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12232 · Cited by 64
Klumpp, H., Fitzgerald, J. M., Kinney, K. L., Kennedy, A. E., Shankman, S. A., Langenecker, S. A., & Phan, K. L. (2017) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.006 · Cited by 59
“Yet, little is known about rostral or dorsal ACC (rACC, dACC) regions predicting CBT outcome as it relates to tasks that probe emotion regulation even though skills practiced in CBT are intended to enhance regulation (Hofmann and Smits, 2008; Hofmann et al., 2012).”
Tao, S., Li, J., Zhang, M., Zheng, P., Lau, E. Y. H., Sun, J., & Zhu, Y. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01570-9 · Cited by 71
Pantazakos, T., & Vanaken, G.-J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1225152 · Cited by 59
The Attention Training Technique: A Review of a Neurobehavioral Therapy for Emotional Disorders
Fergus, T. A., & Bardeen, J. R. (2015) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.11.001 · Cited by 62
Establishing how psychological therapies work: the importance of mediation analysis
Windgassen, S., Goldsmith, K., Moss-Morris, R. E., & Chalder, T. (2016) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2015.1124400 · Cited by 67
Yu, J., Song, P., Zhang, Y., & Wei, Z. (2020) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2019.0163 · Cited by 58
A Comprehensive Review of Motherhood and Mental Health: Postpartum Mood Disorders in Focus
Modak, A., Ronghe, V., Gomase, K., Mahakalkar, M., & Taksande, V. D. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.46209 · Cited by 59
“Similarly, when it comes to medications, considering factors like potential side effects, breastfeeding compatibility, and personal comfort with medication use is crucial [26].”
BackgroundPsychotherapy of adjustment disorders: Current state and future directions
Domhardt, M., & Baumeister, H. (2018) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2018.1467041 · Cited by 61
“CBT CBT has the overarching treatment goal of improving functioning and achieving symptom reduction, and relies on a range of different cognitive, behavioural and emotion-focussed techniques that eventually will help the patient to modify dysfunctional cognitions and to change maladaptive behavioural patterns (Hofmann…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialShipherd, J. C., Berke, D. S., & Livingston, N. A. (2019) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2019.06.001 · Cited by 68
DUFF, W. R. D., Haskey, N., Potter, G., Alcorn, J., Hunter, P. V., & Fowler, S. A. (2018) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i28.3055 · Cited by 60
Goodman, J. B., Freeman, E. E., & Chalmers, K. A. (2018) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2018.1561897 · Cited by 67
Mander, J., Blanck, P., Neubauer, A. B., Kröger, P., Flückiger, C., Lutz, W., Barnow, S., Bents, H., & Heidenreich, T. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22695 · Cited by 56
Mannell, J., Ahmad, L., & Ahmad, A. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.011 · Cited by 59
“For instance, cognitive behavioural approaches emphasise the role of ‘maladaptive cognitions’ in producing symptoms of trauma, and seek to address these through testing and challenging unhelpful thought-patterns and behaviours through collaborative problem-solving with a trained therapist (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
BackgroundStress Reduction Using Bilateral Stimulation in Virtual Reality
Kamińska, D., Smółka, K., Zwoliński, G., Wiak, S., Merecz‐Kot, D., & Anbarjafari, G. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035540 · Cited by 58
“The strongest support for CBT efficacy was obtained for treatment of anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders, bulimia, anger control problems, and general stress [51].”
BackgroundMesarič, K. K., Pajek, J., Zakrajšek, B. L., Bogataj, Š., & Kodrič, J. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40141-5 · Cited by 55
“CBT is one of the most studied forms of psychotherapy and it is known to be effective for various (mental) health problems 29,30 .”
BackgroundOlthuis, J. V., Watt, M. C., Mackinnon, S. P., & Stewart, S. H. (2014) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037027 · Cited by 55
Salomonsson, S., Santoft, F., Lindsäter, E., Ejeby, K., Ljótsson, B., Öst, L., Ingvar, M., Lekander, M., & Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E. (2017) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104342 · Cited by 55
Ostacoli, L., Carletto, S., Cavallo, M., Baldomir, P., Lorenzo, G. D., Fernández, I., Hase, M., Justo-Alonso, A., Lehnung, M., Migliaretti, G., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00074 · Cited by 61
“EMDR and CBT have both been proven to be efficacious in treating anxiety and post-traumatic symptoms, and therefore these results are in agreement with previous literature (Kar, 2011; Hofmann et al., 2012; Chen Y.-R. et al., 2014).”
ResultStress, cognitive appraisal, coping, and event free survival in patients with heart failure
Alhurani, A. S., Dekker, R. L., Ahmad, M. M., Miller, J., Yousef, K. M., Abdulqader, B., Salami, I., Lennie, T. A., Randall, D. C., & Moser, D. K. (2018) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.03.008 · Cited by 60
Burkhouse, K. L., Gorka, S. M., Klumpp, H., Kennedy, A. E., Karich, S. R., Francis, J., Ajilore, O., Craske, M. G., Langenecker, S. A., Shankman, S. A., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.17m11836 · Cited by 55
Martinengo, L., Stona, A., Griva, K., Dazzan, P., Pariante, C. M., von Wangenheim, F., & Car, J. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/27619 · Cited by 62
“Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), one of the most widely used and researched forms of psychotherapy [19], is effective in treating a wide range of mental disorders, including depression [20-22].”
BackgroundDistinguishing integrative from eclectic practice in cognitive behavioral therapies.
Petrik, A. M., Kazantzis, N., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0032412 · Cited by 54
Self-citationYuan, S., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xu, H., Yu, J., Zhong, Y., Zhang, N., Li, J., Xu, Q., & Wang, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.853804 · Cited by 64
Metadata
- Authors
- Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hofmann, Stefan G.
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2012-07-31
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 427-440
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- PMC
- PMC3584580
- OpenAlex
- W2036735145
- Semantic Scholar
- 17c0a3ec0f066a90b84fa336daf8c55391b5254a
- Cited by
- 3,445
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 313 · 2025: 444 · 2024: 307 · 2023: 289 · 2022: 353 · 2021: 373 · 2020: 299 · 2019: 256 · 2018: 225 · 2017: 186 · 2016: 177 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 92.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2014-01-08)
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH073937, R01MH078308, R01MH081116)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment efficacy, meta-analysis, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, bulimia nervosa, anger management, stress, substance use disorders, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, insomnia, personality disorders, criminal behavior, chronic pain, pregnancy complications, children, older adults, evidence base
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