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The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) refers to a popular therapeutic approach that has been applied to a variety of problems. The goal of this review was to provide a comprehensive survey of meta-analyses examining the efficacy of CBT. We identified 269 meta-analytic studies and reviewed of those a representative sample of 106 meta-analyses examining CBT for the following problems: substance use disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, depression and dysthymia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, eating disorders, insomnia, personality disorders, anger and aggression, criminal behaviors, general stress, distress due to general medical conditions, chronic pain and fatigue, distress related to pregnancy complications and female hormonal conditions. Additional meta-analytic reviews examined the efficacy of CBT for various problems in children and elderly adults. The strongest support exists for CBT of anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, bulimia, anger control problems, and general stress. Eleven studies compared response rates between CBT and other treatments or control conditions. CBT showed higher response rates than the comparison conditions in 7 of these reviews and only one review reported that CBT had lower response rates than comparison treatments. In general, the evidence-base of CBT is very strong. However, additional research is needed to examine the efficacy of CBT for randomized-controlled studies. Moreover, except for children and elderly populations, no meta-analytic studies of CBT have been reported on specific subgroups, such as ethnic minorities and low income samples.
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“During the past two decades, effective therapies have become available for the treatment of several PDs [14–16].”
From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As PDs are relatively common in the community, and effective treatment is available for some, health care workers should be aware of the strong link between PDs and work force exclusion.”
From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Cognitive behavioral therapies have been shown to increase success rates and may mitigate suicide risk during smoking cessation.22”
From Are smoking cessation treatments associated with suicidality risk? An overview (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Through changing thoughts and behaviors, this treatment has been demonstrated to help improve mood symptoms and reduce cravings as well as facilitate smoking cessation.22,50”
From Are smoking cessation treatments associated with suicidality risk? An overview (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) theorize that mental disorders, including mood and addiction disorders, are maintained by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors, although the etiology of such disorders may be multicausal, including genetic components.”
From Are smoking cessation treatments associated with suicidality risk? An overview (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
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“Evidence-based psychological treatments for anxiety and depression (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy) are highly effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning [1-3].”
From Clinical Effects of Asynchronous Provider-Guided Practice Sessions During Blended Care Therapy for Anxiety and Depression: Pragmatic Retrospective Cohort Study (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“while general anxiety is related with neuroticism72 and the stress caused by individuals’ maladaptive patterns of thinking, judging, and responding73.”
From Rational thinking as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and dental anxiety (2023) · cites this paper as [73]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“A variety of evidence-based psychotherapeutic treatments for depression are available (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), chief among them being CBT, shown to help in several chronic conditions, including chronic pain, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, and polycystic ovarian syndrome [37,38].”
From Psychological and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Youth with Serious Physical Illness (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Because of its clear research support, CBT as the gold-standard evolving psychological treatment dominates the international guidelines for psychosocial treatments, making it a first-line treatment for many disorders.”
From Effectiveness of a hybrid arts-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention for patients with non-malignant chronic pain (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
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In the citing paper
“4 meta-analyses showed how CBT performed better than the other interventions in the treatment of occupational stress [25].”
From A conversational artificial intelligence agent for a mental health care app: Evaluation study of its participatory design (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The gold standard intervention to treat anxiety is exposure-based CBT (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
From Targeting excessive avoidance behavior to reduce anxiety related to asthma: A feasibility study of an exposure-based treatment delivered online (2021) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is widely accepted and has been repeatedly found to be effective for a wide range of psychological problems (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
From ICBT program for improving informal caregiver well-being: A qualitative study (2021) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“The efficacy of this treatment is supported by The Task Force Report on Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs; Chambless & Hollon, 1998) and the 12th Division of the APA.”
From Enhancing In Vivo Exposure in the Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Location-Based Technologies: A Case Study (2020) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
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“The effects on antenatal depression are highly comparable to those found for ICBT-programs as well as traditional CBT for depression (Hedman et al., 2012;Hofmann et al., 2012;Cuijpers et al., 2013).”
From Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy for antenatal depression: A randomised controlled trial (2017) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive Behav ioural Therapy (CBT) is the most well-established psychological treat ment for anxiety and depression (Hofmann et al., 2012).”
From Effects of group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. (2022) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (CBT) have been shown in recent decades to be broadly effective in reducing many forms of mental illness (Hofmann, Asnanni, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012).”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Hofmann, Asnanni, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Decades of research have clearly demonstrated that CBT has robust effects on many different forms of mental illness, including anxiety disorders (Hofmann et al., 2012)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Similarly, CBT, with its focus on modifying maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, has been associated with reductions in stress-related symptoms and pain intensity [64].”
From The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders (2023) · cites this paper as [64]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) have been found to be effective in treating individuals presenting with symptoms of anxiety and depression 20, 21 – common complaints of ICs – and hence it is likely an appropriate first choice treatment for ICs.”
From Cognitive behavioral therapies for informal caregivers of patients with cancer and cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as [21]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Interventions that integrate elements of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) have been shown to lead to positive outcomes in improving mental health (22).”
From Efficacy of eHealth interventions to reduce depression symptoms in individuals with obesity: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Changing cognitions and thoughts can help to reduce symptoms [25].”
From A conversational artificial intelligence agent for a mental health care app: Evaluation study of its participatory design (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, panic patients who believed that they had control over the amount of CO 2 they inhaled by turning an inoperative dial were less likely to panic than individuals who knew that they had no control over it 26”
From “Third-wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process-based approach to intervention in psychiatry (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“A recent review of the literature identified 269 meta-analytic studies examining CBT for nearly every DSM category (Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012).”
From A process-based approach to psychological diagnosis and treatment:The conceptual and treatment utility of an extended evolutionary meta model (2020) · cites this paper as Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012
In the citing paper
“While medication and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) are effective for anxiety disorders (Bandelow et al., 2015;Olatunji, Cisler, & Deacon, 2010), these treatments have limitations, such as drug side-effects and drug dependence, and modest efficacy as only about half of anxiety sufferers respond successfully to CBT (Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Hofmann et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“It is not surprising then that protocolized treatments for specific forms of psychopathology are only effective for a portion of patients [10].”
From Using person-specific networks in psychotherapy: challenges, limitations, and how we could use them anyway (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Thus, although there is accumulating evidence for the efficacy of these approaches (Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012; Kuyken et al., 2016), their wide-spread availability is currently limited.”
From Beneficial effects of training in self-distancing and perspective broadening for people with a history of recurrent depression (2017) · cites this paper as Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, & Fang, 2012
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Wilson, K., Mottram, P. G., & Vassilas, C. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004853.pub2 · Cited by 224
Haby, M. M., Donnelly, M., Corry, J., & Vos, T. (2006) · Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (Print) · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01736.x · Cited by 220
Psychological treatments for bulimia nervosa and binging
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Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
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The Burden of Major Depression Avoidable by Longer-term Treatment Strategies
Vos, T., Haby, M. M., Barendregt, J. J., Kruijshaar, M., Corry, J., & Andrews, G. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.11.1097 · Cited by 213
Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a meta-analysis
Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Rooke, S. E., Bhullar, N., & Schutte, N. S. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.004 · Cited by 212
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A Meta–Analytic Review of Psychological Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder
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Review and Meta‐analysis of Pharmacotherapy for Binge‐eating Disorder
Reas, D. L., & Grilo, C. M. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.333 · Cited by 186 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, a review and meta-analysis by Reas and Grilo (2008) suggested that combination treatment of psychotherapy and medications did not enhance binge-eating outcomes, but may have enhanced weight loss outcomes.”
BackgroundCognitive-behavioural therapy for late-life anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hendriks, G. J., Oude Voshaar, R. C., Keijsers, G. P. J., Hoogduin, C. A. L., & Van Balkom, A. J. L. M. (2008) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01190.x · Cited by 184
Siev, J., & Chambless, D. L. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.4.513 · Cited by 182
Psychotherapeutic treatments for older depressed people
Mottram, P., Wilson, K., Scally, L., & Vassilas, C. A. (2000) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004853 · Cited by 171
Cognitive-behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused
Macdonald, G., Higgins, J. P., Ramchandani, P., Valentine, J. C., Bronger, L. P., Klein, P., O'Daniel, R., Pickering, M., Rademaker, B., Richardson, G., et al. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001930.pub3 · Cited by 161
Jorm, A. F., Morgan, A. J., & Hetrick, S. E. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007142.pub2 · Cited by 160
A meta-analysis of psychological and pharmacological treatments for Body Dysmorphic Disorder
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Ipser, J., Sander, C., & Stein, D. J. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005332.pub2 · Cited by 155
Beltman, M. W., Voshaar, R. C. O., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.064675 · Cited by 147
Beynon, S., Soares‐Weiser, K., Woolacott, N. F., Duffy, S., & Geddes, J. R. (2008) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037887 · Cited by 146
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Psychotherapies for hypochondriasis
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Treating Depression During Pregnancy and the Postpartum: A Preliminary Meta-Analysis
Bledsoe, S. E., & Grote, N. K. (2006) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731505282202 · Cited by 136
Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety
Thorp, S. R., Ayers, C. R., Nuevo, R., Stoddard, J. A., Sorrell, J. T., & Wetherell, J. L. (2009) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31818b3f7e · Cited by 134
The effectiveness of stand-alone cognitive-behavioural therapy for body image: A meta-analysis
Jarry, J. L., & Ip, K. (2005) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.10.001 · Cited by 132
Preventing Suicide in Young People: Systematic Review
Robinson, J., Hetrick, S. E., & Martin, C. (2011) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.511147 · Cited by 129
Coull, G., & Morris, P. G. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711000900 · Cited by 126
Is group psychotherapy effective in older adults with depression? A systematic review
Krishna, M., Jauhari, A., Lepping, P., Turner, J., Crossley, D., & Krishnamoorthy, A. (2011) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2546 · Cited by 111
Busse, J. W., Montori, V. M., Krasnik, C., Patelis-Siotis, I., & Guyatt, G. H. (2009) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000162296 · Cited by 96
Psychological treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with medical disorders: a meta-analysis
van Straten, A., Geraedts, A., Verdonck-de Leeuw, I., Andersson, G., & Cuijpers, P. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.019 · Cited by 95 · cited 1×
“For binge eating disorder, a recent meta-analysis found that psychotherapy and structured self-help yielded large effect sizes, when compared to pharmacotherapy, which yielded medium effect sizes (Vocks et al., 2010).”
ResultTreatment Effectiveness for Male Adolescent Sexual Offenders: A Meta-Analysis and Review
Walker, D. F., McGovern, S. K., Poey, E. L., & Otis, K. E. (2004) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1300/j070v13n03_14 · Cited by 89
Lam, D. H., Burbeck, R., Wright, K. A., & Pilling, S. (2009) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00724.x · Cited by 85
Peng, X.-D., Huang, C.-Q., Lj, C., & Lu, Z.-C. (2009) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/147323000903700401 · Cited by 81
Treatment of pathological gambling
Leung, K. S., & Cottler, L. B. (2008) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32831575d9 · Cited by 81
Dorstyn, D., Mathias, J. L., & Denson, L. A. (2010) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105310379063 · Cited by 78
Cognitive behavioural therapy for violent behaviour in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis
Özabacı, N. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.027 · Cited by 77
Haby, M. M., Tonge, B. J., Littlefield, L., Carter, R., & Vos, T. (2004) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01421.x · Cited by 72
Luckett, T., Britton, B., Clover, K. A., & Rankin, N. M. (2011) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-011-1119-7 · Cited by 60
Therapy options in irritable bowel syndrome
Enck, P., Junne, F., Klosterhalfen, S., Zipfel, S., & Martens, U. (2010) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e3283405a17 · Cited by 55
Current Directions in the Treatment of Hypochondriasis
Taylor, S. J., Asmundson, G. J. G., & Coons, M. J. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcop.2005.19.3.285 · Cited by 53 · cited 1×
“, psychoeducation, explanatory therapy, cognitive therapy, exposure and response prevention, and behavioral stress management), with effect sizes in the large range, as well as pharmacotherapy treatments (paroxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and nefazodone), which also evidenced large effect sizes (Taylor et al. 2005).”
BackgroundRuhmland, M., & Margraf, J. (2001) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000050321 · Cited by 50 · cited 2×
“Clinical trials also revealed a large effect size for CBT and/or exposure response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder, with evidence suggesting that a combination of in vivo and imaginal exposures outperformed the use of only in vivo exposures (Ruhmland & Margraf, 2001).”
BackgroundMethodCognitive-behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused
Macdonald, G. M., Higgins, J. P. T., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001930.pub2 · Cited by 48
Behavioural treatments for non-epileptic attack disorder
Martlew, J., Baker, G. A., Goodfellow, L., Bodde, N. M. G., & Aldenkamp, A. P. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006370 · Cited by 44
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR DEPRESSION
Deckersbach, T., Gershuny, B. S., & Otto, M. W. (2000) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70198-2 · Cited by 42
Cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: 40 years of progress
Öst, L.-G. (2008) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480802315590 · Cited by 38 · cited 1×
“Further, internet-delivered or guided self-help CBT showed some promise in immediate symptom relief as compared to no treatment, but the long-term maintenance with this modality of CBT remains unclear (Öst, 2008; Coull & Morris, 2011).”
BackgroundCognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Gregory, V. L. (2010) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/15433710903176088 · Cited by 36 · cited 1×
“These findings emerged from examinations of both manic and depressive symptoms associated with bipolar disorder (e.g., Gregory, 2010a, 2010b).”
BackgroundGenovés, V. J. G., Illescas, S. R., & Sánchez‐Meca, J. (2001) · Psychology in Spain · Cited by 34
Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers (Review)
Ruotsalainen, J. H., Verbeek, J. H. A. M., Mariné, A., et al. (2006) · Cited by 27
Song, F., Huttunen‐Lenz, M., & Holland, R. (2009) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdp109 · Cited by 26 · cited 1×
“Treatments for smoking cessation found that coping skills, which were partially based on CBT techniques, were highly effective in reducing relapse in a community sample of nicotine quitters (Song et al. 2010), and another metaanalysis noted superiority of CBT (either alone or in com-”
Method[Psychotherapeutic and psychosocial approaches in bipolar disorder: a systematic literature review].
Çakır, S., & Özerdem, A. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 23
EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL TREATMENT IN SOCIAL PHOBIA: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW
Carrillo, F. J. M., Gil, P. J. M., & Sánchez‐Meca, J. (2001) · Psychology in Spain · Cited by 22
The Effectiveness of Treatment
Brown, J. M. (2003) · Cited by 21
A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Job Stress Management Interventions(SMIs)
Kim, J. H. (2007) · Daehan ganho haghoeji · doi:10.4040/jkan.2007.37.4.529 · Cited by 19
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Mania: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Gregory, V. L. (2010) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332981003744388 · Cited by 18 · cited 1×
“These findings emerged from examinations of both manic and depressive symptoms associated with bipolar disorder (e.g., Gregory, 2010a, 2010b).”
BackgroundPsychological Treatments for Chronic Pain
Broome, A. K. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6772-1_4 · Cited by 16
Expansion in the provision of psychological treatment in the United Kingdom
Rachman, S., & Wilson, G. T. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.01.005 · Cited by 15 · cited 1×
“A notable exception is the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies initiative by the National Health Commissioning in the United Kingdom (Rachman & Wilson, 2008).”
BackgroundChan, E. K. H. (2006) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/365 · Cited by 8 · cited 1×
“Other studies indicated that pharmacotherapy could be a useful addition to CBT; specifically, combination therapy of CBT with pharmacotherapy was more effective in comparison to CBT alone (Chan, 2006).”
ResultPsychological interventions for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Alex, R., Ferriter, M., Jones, H. G., Duggan, C. F., Huband, N., Gibbon, S., Vӧllm, B., Stoffers-Winterling, J. M., & Lieb, K. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008518 · Cited by 7
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chu, C., Buchman-Schmitt, J. M., Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Tucker, R. P., Hagan, C. R., Rogers, M. L., Podlogar, M. C., Chiurliza, B., Ringer, F. B., et al. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000123 · Cited by 1,231
Advances in cognitive theory and therapy: The generic cognitive model
Beck, A. T., & Haigh, E. A. P. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153734 · Cited by 1,055
“Despite evidence that cognitive therapy is an efficacious and effective treatment for a number of disorders (Butler et al. 2006; Hofmann et al. 2012, 2013; Hofmann & Smits 2008), dissemination efforts have lagged behind.”
BackgroundCognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Trauer, J. M., Qian, M. Y., Doyle, J. S., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., & Cunnington, D. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2841 · Cited by 1,053
“The results from this search were combined with the results from 2 reviews of reviews of the topic (85, 86).”
ResultMental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments
Bakker, D., Kazantzis, N., Rickwood, D., & Rickard, N. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4984 · Cited by 886
“The efficacy of CBT has been supported by a comprehensive review of 106 meta-analyses across different clinical groups [26].”
Machine Learning Approaches for Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry
Dwyer, D. B., Falkai, P., & Koutsouleris, N. (2018) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045037 · Cited by 966
Metadata
- Authors
- Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hofmann, Stefan G.
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2012-07-31
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 427-440
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- PMC
- PMC3584580
- OpenAlex
- W2036735145
- Semantic Scholar
- 17c0a3ec0f066a90b84fa336daf8c55391b5254a
- Cited by
- 3,445
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 313 · 2025: 444 · 2024: 307 · 2023: 289 · 2022: 353 · 2021: 373 · 2020: 299 · 2019: 256 · 2018: 225 · 2017: 186 · 2016: 177 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 92.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2014-01-08)
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH073937, R01MH078308, R01MH081116)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment efficacy, meta-analysis, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, bulimia nervosa, anger management, stress, substance use disorders, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, insomnia, personality disorders, criminal behavior, chronic pain, pregnancy complications, children, older adults, evidence base
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