Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Relations to Eye Gaze and Autonomic State
Abstract
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), heart rate, and accuracy and latency of emotion recognition were evaluated in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing children while viewing videos of faces slowly transitioning from a neutral expression to one of six basic emotions (e.g., anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise). Children with ASD were slower in emotion recognition and selectively made more errors in detecting anger. ASD children had lower amplitude RSA and faster heart rate. Within the ASD group, children with higher amplitude RSA recognized emotions faster. Less severe ASD symptoms and increased gaze to the eye region in children with ASD were related to more accurate emotion recognition.
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These conclusions cannot be supported as the children with ASD have a clinically normal heart rate.
“These conclusions cannot be supported as the children with ASD have a clinically normal heart rate.”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Is Not Associated With Abnormal Autonomic Nervous System Function: Hypothesis and Theory (2022) · cites this paper as Bal et al. (32)
Literature findings on respiratory sinus arrhythmia in autism spectrum disorder are divergent, with some studies reporting significantly reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia and others finding no atypicalities.
“Literature findings on this issue are divergent, with a number of studies reporting significantly reduced RSA [11-14], and others finding no atypicalities [47,62].”
From Functional autonomic nervous system profile in children with autism spectrum disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Our study differed from previous studies in the baseline task used, suggesting that task conditions may play a role in measurement of baseline autonomic nervous system arousal.
“For example, our study was different than [11,12,14] in the baseline task used (such as movie watching versus sitting quietly), suggesting that task conditions may play a role in measurement of baseline ANS arousal.”
From Functional autonomic nervous system profile in children with autism spectrum disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Bal, E., Harden, E., Lamb, D., Van Hecke, A. V., Denver, J. W., & Porges, S. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Porges, Stephen W.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2009-11-03
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 358-370
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2008275147
- Cited by
- 575
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 9.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks (AS1762)
- National Institutes of Health
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH060625, R01MH060625)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, emotion recognition, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart rate, gaze, facial expressions, basic emotions, anger recognition, children, ASD severity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Arrhythmia, Sinus, Autistic Disorder, Autonomic Nervous System, Child, Discrimination Learning, Emotions, Eye, Facial Expression, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Respiration, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Social Perception, Recognition, Psychology
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