A Systematic Review of What Barriers and Facilitators Prevent and Enable Physical Healthcare Services Access for Autistic Adults
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Autistic people are more likely to: be diagnosed with a range of physical health conditions (i.e. cardio-vascular disease); experience premature mortality (for most disease categories); and experience barriers to effectively accessing healthcare. This systematic review sought to identify studies that report on barriers and facilitators to physical healthcare access for autistic people. A total of 3111 records were screened and six studies were included: two quantitative, two qualitative, and two mixed-methodology studies. Patient-provider communication, sensory sensitivities, and executive functioning/planning issues emerged as important barriers to healthcare. Recommendations for clinicians and those planning services are discussed.
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Well-described difficulties accessing healthcare for autistic people include patient-provider communication challenges, sensory difficulties, and systemic factors such as resource and time constraints.
“Well-described difficulties accessing healthcare for autistic people include patient-provider communication challenges, sensory difficulties, and systemic factors such as resource and time constraints (Mason et al, 2019; Walsh et al, 2020).”
From Autistic SPACE: a novel framework for meeting the needs of autistic people in healthcare settings (2023) · cites this paper as Mason et al, 2019
The Results (Synthesis of Results; page unavailable) identify patient-provider communication and sensory sensitivities as recurring barriers. The Results (Results of Individual Studies; page unavailable) also describe systemic barriers, including limited supports and healthcare-service complexity, but do not identify resource and time constraints as such barriers. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA growing body of research describes substantial barriers that autistic adults face in accessing physical healthcare, including inaccessible sensory environments, providers' knowledge about and attitudes towards autism, and the complexity of healthcare systems.
“A growing body of research describes the substantial barriers that autistic adults face in accessing physical healthcare, which include such diverse factors as inaccessible sensory environments; providers’ knowledge about and attitudes towards autism; and the complexity of healthcare systems (Mason et al., 2019; Nicolaidis et al., 2015).”
From Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science (2022) · cites this paper as Mason et al., 2019
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Barriers to healthcare for Australian autistic adults
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Aging Across the Autism Spectrum
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Co-design of an NHS primary care health check for autistic adults
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Recognising and responding to physical and mental health issues in neurodivergent girls and women
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Improving Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Autistic Individuals: A Delphi Survey with Practitioners
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Views about primary care health checks for autistic adults: UK survey findings
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“Such interventions must, however, be acceptable for autistic adults, including adjusting how the treatment is delivered in order to incorporate the social and cognitive challenges typical of autism (Crane et al., 2019; Mason et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResultPsychosocial therapeutic approaches for high-functioning autistic adults
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Barriers to Accessing Healthcare: Perspectives from Autistic Adults and Carers
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- Authors
- Mason, D., Ingham, B., Urbanowicz, A., Michael, C., Birtles, H., Woodbury-Smith, M., Brown, T., James, I., Scarlett, C., Nicolaidis, C., & Parr, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Royal Victoria Infirmary (GB)
- Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- RMIT University (AU)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Newcastle Hospitals - Campus for Ageing and Vitality (GB)
- North Tyneside General Hospital (GB)
- Portland State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mason, David
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2019-05-23
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3387-3400
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC6647496
- OpenAlex
- W2945521062
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Gredos (University of Salamanca) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PDXScholar (Portland State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, autistic adults, barriers to care, patient-provider communication, sensory sensitivity, executive function, cardiovascular disease, premature mortality, health planning
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autistic Disorder, Communication, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Executive Function
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