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Emotion Regulation and the Anxiety Disorders: An Integrative Review
Open accessAbstract
The construct of emotion regulation has been increasingly investigated in the last decade, and this work has important implications for advancing anxiety disorder theory. This paper reviews research demonstrating that: 1) emotion (i.e., fear and anxiety) and emotion regulation are distinct, non-redundant, constructs that can be differentiated at the conceptual, behavioral, and neural levels of analysis; 2) emotion regulation can augment or diminish fear, depending on the emotion regulation strategy employed; and 3) measures of emotion regulation explain incremental variance in anxiety disorder symptoms above and beyond the variance explained by measures of emotional reactivity. The authors propose a model by which emotion regulation may function in the etiology of anxiety disorders. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.
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“states of high physiological excitement are particularly associated with stress [70, 71].”
From Five studies evaluating the impact on mental health and mood of recalling, reading, and discussing fiction (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
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“empirical research has clearly indicated that PD is related to various emotional dysregulations (Aldao et al., 2010; Cisler et al., 2010)”
From Managing emotions in panic disorder: A systematic review of studies related to emotional intelligence, alexithymia, emotion regulation, and coping (2023) · cites this paper as Cisler et al., 2010
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“This pattern of associations is consistent with previous reports of difficulties in emotion regulation (as assessed herein) being distinctively related to anxiety symptoms, even when depressive symptoms are controlled [35].”
From The Efficacy of Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression: Examining Mechanisms of Change in a Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
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“Disrupted, or maladaptive, ER has been implicated as a mechanism underlying various psychiatric disorders, including depressive6,7 and anxiety8 disorders, and borderline personality disorder.9”
From Emotion Regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [8]
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“and are characterized by dysfunctional ER strategies (Cisler et al., 2010; Ziv et al., 2013; Jazaieri et al., 2014; Diefenbach et al., 2016).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Cisler et al., 2010
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Cites
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
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“On the one hand, some research (Gross & John, 2003; Moore et al., 2008; also see John & Gross, 2004 for a review) found that habitual use of re-appraisal, as indexed via a self-report measure of emotion regulation, is positively correlated with the experience of positive emotion, better social…”
BackgroundMethodThe emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942
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Gross, J. J. (2002) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1017/s0048577201393198 · Cited by 4,890 · cited 2×
“Emotion regulation in the current paper refers to a heterogeneous set of actions that are designed to influence “which emotions we have, when we have them, and how we experience and express them” ( Gross 2002, p. 282 ).”
BackgroundGross, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.224 · Cited by 4,671 · cited 7×
“This concern can be assuaged by examining data from studies using an experimental design and finding that emotion regulation techniques can cause changes in emotional responding (e.g., Gross and Levenson 1993, 1997; Gross 1998b ); however, it has not yet been empirically demonstrated that long-term use of particular r…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., Feldner, M. T., & Forsyth, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas at Fayetteville (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cisler, Josh M.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
- Published
- 2009-09-16
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-82
- ISSN
- 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
- 0882-2689
- 1573-3505
- PMC
- PMC2901125
- OpenAlex
- W1996121462
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 21.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH018869)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, anxiety disorders, fear, emotional reactivity, emotion regulation strategies, causes of anxiety
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