Cited by 1,081Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Development and Validation of a Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: The DERS-16

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Bjureberg, Johan, Ljótsson, Brjánn, Tull, Matthew T., Hedman, Erik, Sahlin, Hanna, Lundh, Lars-Gunnar, Bjärehed, Jonas, DiLillo, David, Messman-Moore, Terri, Gumpert, Clara Hellner, Gratz, Kim L.·2016·Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

DOI 10.1007/s10862-015-9514-xPMC PMC4882111

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Abstract

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a widely-used, theoretically-driven, and psychometrically-sound self-report measure of emotion regulation difficulties. However, at 36-items, the DERS may be challenging to administer in some situations or settings (e.g., in the course of patient care or large-scale epidemiological studies). Consequently, there is a need a briefer version of the DERS. The goal of the present studies was to develop and evaluate a 16-item version of the DERS - the DERS-16. The reliability and validity of the DERS-16 were examined in a clinical sample (N = 96) and two large community samples (Ns = 102 and 482). The validity of the DERS-16 was evaluated comparing the relative strength of the association of the two versions of the DERS with measures of emotion regulation and related constructs, psychopathology, and clinically-relevant behaviors theorized to stem from emotion regulation deficits. Results demonstrate that the DERS-16 has retained excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and good convergent and discriminant validity. Further, the DERS-16 showed minimal differences in its convergent and discriminant validity with relevant measures when compared to the original DERS. In conclusion, the DERS-16 offers a valid and brief method for the assessment of overall emotion regulation difficulties.

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Using multivariate statistics
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
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“Emotion Regulation The original Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer 2004) is a 36item self-report measure that assesses individuals’ typical levels of emotion dysregulation across six domains: nonacceptance of negative emotions, inability to engage in goaldirected behaviors when distressed…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
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“Finally, the absence of significant correlations between both DERS versions and the FFMQ observe subscale is in-line with previous research (Baer et al., 2006), and suggests that the omission of items from the lack of emotional awareness subscale from the DERS-16 did not negatively influence the strength of its relati…”
BackgroundResult
The mini international neuropsychiatric interview
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Method

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“Bjureberg et al. created a 16-item version of the scale (DERS-16) by removing the awareness subscale, which was determined by studies that DERS, which contains 36 items, showed low correlation with other subscales (Bjureberg et al., 2016; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
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“The DERS-16 [41] has 16 items that assess an individual’s typical level of emotion regulation.”
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“The participants were asked to complete the Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scale (BIS-BAS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16 (DERS-16) [21–24].”
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“Additionally, eligibility for transdiagnostic BT in inpatient settings may be better determined by factors like emotion regulation difficulties, assessed through brief, setting-appropriate questionnaires [30], rather than by diagnosis alone.”
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“See Bjureberg et al. (2016) for past validity and reliability of the scale.”
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“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–16 (DERS-16; Bjureberg et al., 2016): The DERS-16 is a 16-item questionnaire that assesses emotion dysregulation across five domains: difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors when experiencing emotions (e.g., “When I’m upset, I have difficulty getting work done”), d…”
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“Test– retest reliability is 0.85, and Cronbach´s alpha is between 0.92 and 0.95 [45, 46].”
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“…has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid transdiagnostic measure of RNT in adolescents [86]; (4) the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale ( DERS-16 [159]), a 16-item questionnaire measuring emotion regulation on a 5-point Likert-type scale from Almost never (1) to Almost always (5).”
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“2016 ) (Bjureberg et al., 2016 ).”

Authors: Bjureberg, J., Ljótsson, B., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Sahlin, H., Lundh, L.-G., Bjärehed, J., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., Gumpert, C. H., & Gratz, K. L.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
Lund University (SE)
University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
Corresponding author: Bjureberg, Johan
ORCID: Bjureberg, Johan
Ljótsson, Brjánn
Tull, Matthew T.
Sahlin, Hanna
Lundh, Lars-Gunnar
Bjärehed, Jonas
DiLillo, David
Gratz, Kim L.
Venue: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-09-14
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Pages: 284-296
ISSN: 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
0882-2689
1573-3505
DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9514-x
PMC: PMC4882111
OpenAlex: W2172838886
Cited by: 1,081
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 217 · 2025: 186 · 2024: 170 · 2023: 151 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 13.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD062226)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, emotional dysregulation, scale shortening, psychometric validation, self-report measures, psychopathology, convergent and discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency

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Development and Validation of a Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: The DERS-16

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