Understanding procrastination: A case of a study skills course
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Abstract Procrastination is consistently viewed as problematic to academic success and students’ general well-being. There are prevailing questions regarding the underlying and maintaining mechanisms of procrastination which are yet to be learnt. The aim of the present study was to combine different ways to explain procrastination and explore how students’ time and effort management skills, psychological flexibility and academic self-efficacy are connected to procrastination as they have been commonly addressed separately in previous studies. The data were collected from 135 students who participated in a voluntary time management and well-being course in autumn 2019. The results showed that students’ ability to organize their time and effort has the strongest association with procrastination out of the variables included in the study. Psychological flexibility also has a strong individual role in explaining procrastination along with time and effort management skills. Surprisingly, academic self-efficacy did not have a direct association with procrastination. Interestingly, our findings further suggest that time and effort management and psychological flexibility are closely related and appear to go hand in hand and, thus, both need to be considered when the aim is to reduce procrastination. The implications of the findings are further discussed.
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Procrastination undermines students' academic performance, causes stress, and reduces well-being.
“It has been shown to undermine students’ academic performance, cause stress, and reduce well-being [19].”
From Academic motivation, procrastination, and adjustment: Exploring their impact on student profiles and academic performance (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
The Introduction reports that procrastination is associated with lower academic performance, increased stress, and poorer mental health. This supports the three outcomes, but the citing sentence presents them as causal effects, which the passage does not establish. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLa procrastinación ha sido considerada usualmente como algo negativo, asociado a problemas de altos niveles de estrés, bajo desempeño académico o una deficiente salud mental.
“Usualmente se le ha considerado como algo negativo, asociado a problemas de altos niveles de estrés, bajo desempeño académico o una deficiente salud mental(Hailikari et al., 2021).”
From Uso de redes sociales y procrastinación en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática (2023) · cites this paper as Hailikari et al., 2021
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Procrastination Trap: the Hidden Link between Stress, Anxiety, Amotivation and Academic Dishonesty
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Self-Directed Learning Curriculum implementation, praxis and scholarship in context
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The Nexus Between Metacognition and Procrastination
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Evaluating game-based teaching systems in economics courses
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Exploring the Scheduled Tribe Parental Perspectives on Fortifying Family Bonds
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Development and validation of the laziness assessment scale
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Positive Transitions to Adulthood
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Egzersiz Erteleme Ölçeğinin Türkçe Versiyonunun Psikometrik Özellikleri
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Adicción a redes sociales y procrastinación académica en estudiantes universitarios de Lima
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“En el contexto educativo este fenómeno se traduce en la llamada procrastinación académica considerada un problema para el logro del éxito académico (Hailikari et al., 2021).”
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THE PROBLEM OF PERSONALITY YOUTH AGE PROCRASTINATION
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- Authors
- Hailikari, T., Katajavuori, N., & Asikainen, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Hailikari, T.
- Venue
- Social Psychology of Education
- Published
- 2021-03-22
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 589-606
- ISSN
- 1381-2890 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-1928
- OpenAlex
- W3129538864
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 10.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Social Psychology of Education (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of Helsinki including Helsinki University Central Hospital
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Keywords
- procrastination, time management, effort management, psychological flexibility, academic self-efficacy, study skills, student well-being, academic performance
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