Cited by 591Digital Mental Health InterventionsMobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsBehavioral Health and Interventions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 60 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions

Open access

Ritterband, Lee M., Thorndike, Frances P., Cox, Daniel J., Kovatchev, Boris P., Gonder-Frederick, Linda A.·2009·Annals of Behavioral Medicine

DOI 10.1007/s12160-009-9133-4PMC PMC2878721

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Internet has become a major component to health care and has important implications for the future of the health care system. One of the most notable aspects of the Web is its ability to provide efficient, interactive, and tailored content to the user. Given the wide reach and extensive capabilities of the Internet, researchers in behavioral medicine have been using it to develop and deliver interactive and comprehensive treatment programs with the ultimate goal of impacting patient behavior and reducing unwanted symptoms. To date, however, many of these interventions have not been grounded in theory or developed from behavior change models, and no overarching model to explain behavior change in Internet interventions has yet been published. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to propose a model to help guide future Internet intervention development and predict and explain behavior changes and symptom improvement produced by Internet interventions. RESULTS: The model purports that effective Internet interventions produce (and maintain) behavior change and symptom improvement via nine nonlinear steps: the user, influenced by environmental factors, affects website use and adherence, which is influenced by support and website characteristics. Website use leads to behavior change and symptom improvement through various mechanisms of change. The improvements are sustained via treatment maintenance. CONCLUSION: By grounding Internet intervention research within a scientific framework, developers can plan feasible, informed, and testable Internet interventions, and this form of treatment will become more firmly established.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s12160-009-9133-4

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

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In the paper
“The environment can provide support or serve as a barrier to individuals implementing a self-help treatment program [22].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Environment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Glasgow RE, Eakin EG. Issues in diabetes self-management. In: Shumaker SA, Schron EB, Ockene JK, McBee WL, eds. The Handbook of Health Behavior Change. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 1998: 435.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“In the Internet intervention model, environmental factors, similar to Glasgow’s “Pyramid of Influences,” [22] can impact each component of the model in potentially significant ways.”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Environment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Glasgow RE, Eakin EG. Issues in diabetes self-management. In: Shumaker SA, Schron EB, Ockene JK, McBee WL, eds. The Handbook of Health Behavior Change. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 1998: 435.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although preliminary research has demonstrated the importance of some of these elements [24–26], additional work is necessary to determine the best use of each.”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Website
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] Ritterband LM, Cox DJ, Gordon T, et al. The inclusion of audio, graphics, and interactivity in an internet intervention for pediatric encopresis. Child Health Care. 2006; 35: 47-59. source
- Not checked yetcites [25] Danaher BG, Boles SM, Akers L, Gordon JS, Severson HH. Defining participant exposure measures in web-based health behavior change programs. J Med Internet Res. 2006; 8: e15. source
- Not checked yetcites [26] Hurling R, Fairley BW, Dias MB. Internet-based exercise intervention systems: Are more interactive designs better? Psychol Health. 2006; 21: 757-772. source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes

Show all 38 claims

Probably not a substantial claim. 64
The quote only partly states this claim. 2
It may state two separate claims as one. 30

None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“We hypothesize that effective Internet intervention programs will produce change in behaviors and reduce unwanted symptoms (as well as maintain improvement) via the following steps: the user, influenced by environmental factors, affects website use and adherence, which is influenced by support and website characteristics. Website use leads to behavior change via different mechanisms of change (e.g”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Rosenstock IM. Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Educ Monogr. 1974; 2: 328-335. source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. The transtheoretical approach. In: Norcross JC, Goldfried MR, eds. Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration. New York: Basic Books; 1992: 300-334.
- Not checked yetcites [14] Lefebvre RC, Rochlin L. Social marketing. In: Glanz K, Lewis FM, Rimer B, eds. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1997: 384-402.
- Not checked yetcites [15] Miller NE, Dollard J. Social Learning and Imitation. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1941.
- Not checked yetcites [16] Matarazzo JD, Weiss SM, Herd JA, Miller NE, Weiss SM, eds. Behavioral Health: A Handbook of Health Enhancement and Disease Prevention. New York: Wiley; 1984.
- Not checked yetcites [17] Casmir FL, ed. Building communication theories: A socio/cultural approach. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1994.
- Not checked yetcites [18] Fisher JD, Fisher WA. The information-motivation-behavioral skills model. In: DiClemente R, Crosby R, Kegler M, eds. Emerging Theories in Health Promotion Practice and Research. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey Bass; 2002: 40-70.
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which is influenced by support and website characteristics”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
  “which is influenced by support and website characteristics.”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: fails
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, laws restricting smoking can enhance smoking cessation outcomes [23].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Environment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] Biener L, Abrams DB, Follick MJ, Dean L. A comparative evaluation of a restrictive smoking policy in a general hospital. Am J Public Health. 1989; 79: 192-195. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In fact, these user characteristics may serve as predictor variables [20, 21] or be targeted for change along with the identified problem.”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > User Characteristics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Magee JC, Ritterband LM, Thorndike FP, Cox DJ, Borowitz SM. Exploring the relationship between parental worry about their child’s health and usage of an Internet intervention for pediatric encopresis. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009; 34: 530-538. source
- Not checked yetcites [21] Tercyak KP, Abraham AA, Graham AL, Wilson LD, Walker LR. Association of multiple behavioral risk factors with adolescents’ willingness to engage in eHealth promotion. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009; 34: 457-469. source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the user, influenced by environmental factors, affects website use and adherence”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
  “the user, influenced by environmental factors, affects website use and adherence, which is influenced by support and website characteristics.”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: fails
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Some researchers have already begun conducting these important deconstruction studies with computer and Internet-based programs [31–33]”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Website
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] Greist JH, Marks IM, Baer L, et al. Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002; 63: 138-145. source
- Not checked yetcites [32] Wright J, Wright A, Albano AM, et al. Computer-assisted cognitive therapy for depression: Maintaining efficacy while reducing therapist time. Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162: 1158-1164. source
- Not checked yetcites [33] Tate DF, Jackvony EH, Wing RR. A randomized trial comparing human e-mail counseling, computer-automated tailored counseling, and no counseling in an Internet weight loss program. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166: 1620-1625. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There is research indicating that external support of the application may improve adherence and outcomes for many disorders [33, 47, 50]; however, this is not always found to be the case [48, 49]”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Support
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [33] Tate DF, Jackvony EH, Wing RR. A randomized trial comparing human e-mail counseling, computer-automated tailored counseling, and no counseling in an Internet weight loss program. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166: 1620-1625. source
- Not checked yetcites [47] Spek V, Cuijpers P, Nyklicek I, Riper H, Keyzer J, Pop V. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2007; 37: 319-328. source
- Not checked yetcites [50] Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Korten AE, Brittliffe K, Groves C. A comparison of changes in anxiety and depression symptoms of spontaneous users and trial participants of a cognitive behavior therapy website. J Med Internet Res. 2004; 6: e46. source
- Not checked yetcites [48] Andersson G, Lundström P, Ström L. Internet-based treatment of headache: Does telephone contact add anything? Headache. 2003; 43: 353-361. source
- Not checked yetcites [49] Klein B, Austin D, Pier C, et al. Internet-based treatment for panic disorder: Does frequency of therapist contact make a difference? Cogn Behav Ther. 2009; 38: 100-113. source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, there is a huge need for psychological services for the treatment of insomnia, a significant health problem with one third of the adult population reporting symptoms of insomnia and approximately 10% meeting diagnostic criteria for an insomnia disorder [53–56].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Symptom Improvement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53] Ford DE, Kamerow DB. Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders, an opportunity for prevention? JAMA. 1989; 262: 1479-1484. source
- Not checked yetcites [54] Mellinger GD, Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH. Insomnia and its treatment. Prevalence and correlates. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985; 42: 225-232. source
- Not checked yetcites [55] Ohayon MM. Epidemiology of insomnia: What we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Med Rev. 2002; 6: 97-111. source
- Not checked yetcites [56] Simon GE, VonKorff M. Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care. Am J Psychiatry. 1997; 154: 1417-1423. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“People may approach and use Internet interventions differently than any other form of treatment, and it is critical to take into consideration user expectations [45].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Website Use
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Christensen H, Mackinnon A. The law of attrition revisited. J Med Internet Res. 2006; 8: e20. source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Costs must also be considered [9] as the incorporation of any support increases the time, effort, and finances to implement an Internet intervention and can significantly reduce the ability to disseminate this type of intervention on any grand scale.”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Support
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Tate DF, Finkelstein EA, Khavjou O, Gustafson A. Cost effectiveness of Internet interventions: Review and recommendations. Ann Behav Med. 2009. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9131-6 . source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Some researchers have been incorporating personalized e-mails and telephone support as methods of increasing adherence [47–49].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Website Use
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47] Spek V, Cuijpers P, Nyklicek I, Riper H, Keyzer J, Pop V. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2007; 37: 319-328. source
- Not checked yetcites [48] Andersson G, Lundström P, Ström L. Internet-based treatment of headache: Does telephone contact add anything? Headache. 2003; 43: 353-361. source
- Not checked yetcites [49] Klein B, Austin D, Pier C, et al. Internet-based treatment for panic disorder: Does frequency of therapist contact make a difference? Cogn Behav Ther. 2009; 38: 100-113. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Users may expect to complete a limited subset of a program to satisfy their needs, whereas other users may plan and need to complete the full treatment offered.”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Website Use
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Christensen H, Mackinnon A. The law of attrition revisited. J Med Internet Res. 2006; 8: e20. source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The application should, however, meet some minimum requirements of effectiveness [9].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Symptom Improvement
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Tate DF, Finkelstein EA, Khavjou O, Gustafson A. Cost effectiveness of Internet interventions: Review and recommendations. Ann Behav Med. 2009. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9131-6 . source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Given that there is a significant amount of misinformation on the Internet [34], providing accurate, clear, and simple information is critical to creating and delivering efficacious applications that will be well-received.”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Website
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Eysenbach G, Powell J, Kuss O, Sa ER. Empirical studies assessing the quality of health information for consumers on the World Wide Web: A systematic review. JAMA. 2002; 287: 2691-2700. source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Given these different uses of an Internet intervention, it is much more difficult to make sense of usage data, as someone who appears to be a “dropout” or nonadherent user may actually be someone who obtained “success” with a low treatment dose [45].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Website Use
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Christensen H, Mackinnon A. The law of attrition revisited. J Med Internet Res. 2006; 8: e20. source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Behavioral contracts, concerning what the patient is willing to do (and when), and written instructions are known to enhance behavior change [27].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Website
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [27] Cox DJ, Tisdelle DA, Culbert JP. Increasing adherence to behavioral homework assignments. J Behav Med. 1988; 11: 519-522. source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, relapse prevention can be used to avert deterioration and maintain successes and can be used to enhance the maintenance of behavior change and symptom improvements [59].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > The Internet Intervention Model > Treatment Maintenance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [59] Marlatt GA, George WH. Relapse prevention and the maintenance of optimal health. In: Shumaker SA, Schron EB, Ockene JK, McBee WL, eds. The Handbook of Health Behavior Change. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2004: 33-58.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is critical for clinicians and researchers to understand how health behavior changes and to transform that knowledge about behavior into useful strategies for health enhancement [11].”
§ A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions > Conclusion > Implications of the Model
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites [11] Glanz K, Lewis F, Rimer B. Linking theory, research, and practice. In: Glanz K, Lewis F, Rimer B, eds. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1997: 19-35.
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

79 of 79

The paper relies on this without support.
Many Internet interventions have not been grounded in theory or developed from behavior change models.
“To date, however, many of these interventions have not been grounded in theory or developed from behavior change models”
The paper relies on this without support.
No overarching model to explain behavior change in Internet interventions has yet been published.
“and no overarching model to explain behavior change in Internet interventions has yet been published.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There has been no published theoretical model underlying these programs.
“Although there has been a recent proliferation of Internet health interventions [1, 4, 10], there has been no published theoretical model underlying these programs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
We are unaware of literature documenting how technology, specifically the Internet, can be used to promote behavior change and subsequent symptom improvement with an underlying theoretical model.
“Although various books provide recommendations for effective website design [19], we are unaware of literature documenting how technology, specifically the Internet, can be used to promote behavior change and subsequent symptom improvement with an underlying theoretical model.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Feasibility and efficacy data have been established in Internet intervention research, but true effectiveness studies are needed.
“While feasibility and efficacy data have been established in Internet intervention research, true effectiveness studies are needed.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Any type of prevention or treatment program can fit within the website and website use components of the model.
“In a sense, the website and website use components of this model could be considered a “black box” in that any type of prevention or treatment program could fit here.”

6 of 6

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Untitled work
(1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 19,180
Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice
(1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-4-350_1 · Cited by 13,232
Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model
Rosenstock, I. M. (1974) · Health Education Monographs · doi:10.1177/109019817400200403 · Cited by 6,116
The World Health Report 2002 - Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life
Available, N. A. N. (2003) · Education for Health · doi:10.1080/1357628031000116808 · Cited by 6,078
Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743 · cited 1×
“criteria for an insomnia disorder [53–56].”
The Law of Attrition
Eysenbach, G. (2005) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7.1.e11 · Cited by 2,524
Mediators and Mechanisms of Change in Psychotherapy Research
Kazdin, A. E. (2007) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091432 · Cited by 2,504 · cited 1×
“Mechanisms of change bring about the desired behavior change and ultimate symptom improvement, functioning as the catalysts for transformation [51].”
Background
Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.11.1479 · Cited by 2,440
Epidemiologic Study of Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders: An Opportunity for Prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430110069030 · Cited by 2,252
Empirical Studies Assessing the Quality of Health Information for Consumers on the World Wide Web: A Systematic Review
Eysenbach, G., Powell, J., Kuss, O., & Sa, E.-R. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.20.2691 · Cited by 1,871

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4 of the 71 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

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“Reported intervention characteristics that might predict usage were peer or counselor support, in-person contact, updates of the intervention, and sending reminders [20,26,27].”
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BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“…health reform, and funders interested in the progress of research in this area (see Chambers, 2011; Enock & McNally, 2013; Kumar et al., 2013a; New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003; Nilsen, Riley, & Heetderks, 2013; Riley, 2012; Riley et al., 2011; Ritterband et al., 2009, for examples).”
Background
Self-management problem solving for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Intervention processes associated with an Internet program
Mulvaney, S. A., Rothman, R. L., Osborn, C. Y., Lybarger, C. K., Dietrich, M. S., & Wallston, K. A. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.09.018 · Cited by 56
“Internet programs are hypothesized to be influenced by user characteristics [24].”
What makes online substance-use interventions engaging? A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Milward, J., Drummond, C., Fincham-Campbell, S., & Deluca, P. (2018) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/2055207617743354 · Cited by 58
“Tailoring has been hypothesised to be effective because it adapts the intervention to specific attributes of the user.(19) In the alcohol field tailoring has been demonstrated to improve the intervention by making it more meaningful and relatable to the user,(67) increasing their likelihood of engaging with the interv…”
Background
A Service-Based Evaluation of a Therapist-Supported Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Depression
Sharry, J., Davidson, R., McLoughlin, O., & Doherty, G. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2248 · Cited by 55
“Taking persuasive technology as encompassing both direct interaction with a computer system and computer-mediated communication [34], there is a need to explore and validate models for Internet interventions [36] that are useful for design and that encompass this human support.”
Background
Design, Development, and Formative Evaluation of a Smartphone Application for Recording and Monitoring Physical Activity Levels
Kirwan, M., Duncan, M. J., Vandelanotte, C., & Mummery, W. K. (2012) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198112449460 · Cited by 56
A Mixed-methods Evaluation of the Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of a Mobile Intervention for Methadone Maintenance Clients
Guarino, H., Acosta, M., Marsch, L., Xie, H.-Y., & Aponte-Meléndez, Y. (2015) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000128 · Cited by 53
Online support community for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer: user statistics, evaluation, and content analysis
Kaal, S. E. J., Husson, O., van Dartel, F., Hermans, K., Jansen, R., Manten‐Horst, E., Servaes, P., van de Belt, T. H., Engelen, L. J., Prins, J. B., et al. (2018) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s171892 · Cited by 55
“Given the theory of Ritterband, it could be hypothesized that higher levels of emotional and cognitive expression and emotional support may lead to better symptom control because this theory stated that internet interventions can lead to symptom improvement through mechanisms such as social support, transfer of knowle…”
Telemental health and Web-based applications in children and adolescents
Siemer, C. P., Fogel, J., & Van Voorhees, B. W. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.08.012 · Cited by 54
Development and usability evaluation of an online self‐management intervention for fear of cancer recurrence (iConquerFear)
Smith, A. “., Bamgboje‐Ayodele, A., Butow, P., Klein, B., Turner, J., Sharpe, L., Fardell, J., Beatty, L., Pearce, A., Thewes, B., et al. (2020) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5218 · Cited by 54
Mobile Device-Based Applications for Childhood Anxiety Disorders
Whiteside, S. P. H. (2015) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0010 · Cited by 56
“…dose of intervention and the degree of professional assistance needed to beneﬁt from the application, b) measure behavior change (i.e., exposure) hypothesized to lead to symptom improvement, and c) assess safety, data security, and tolerability (Ritterband et al. 2009; Proudfoot et al. 2011).”
Influential
Usage of a Generic Web-Based Self-Management Intervention for Breast Cancer Survivors: Substudy Analysis of the BREATH Trial
van den Berg, S. W., Peters, E. J., Kraaijeveld, J. F., Gielissen, M. F., & Prins, J. B. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2566 · Cited by 53
“Better understanding of website use is an essential step in explaining how Web-based interventions produce behavior change and symptom improvement [13].”
Background
A trace-based approach to identifying users’ engagement and qualifying their engaged-behaviours in interactive systems: application to a social game
Bouvier, P., Sehaba, K., & Lavoué, É. (2014) · User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction · doi:10.1007/s11257-014-9150-2 · Cited by 60
“Therefore, personalising the mediated activity according to gamer types (Orji et al, 2014) or to users’ speciﬁc needs and motivations is a relevant solution to support the e ↵ ectiveness of the digital intervention (Ritterband et al, 2009; Vassileva, 2012).”
A smartphone “app”-delivered randomized factorial trial targeting physical activity in adults
Fanning, J. T., Roberts, S. A., Hillman, C. H., Mullen, S. P., Ritterband, L. M., & McAuley, E. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-017-9838-y · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Inter-individual differences in attitude content: Cognition, affect, and attitudes
Haddock, G., & Maio, G. R. (2018) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2018.10.002 · Cited by 61
Commentary: Pediatric eHealth Interventions: Common Challenges During Development, Implementation, and Dissemination
Wu, Y. P., Steele, R. G., Connelly, M. A., Palermo, T. M., & Ritterband, L. M. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsu022 · Cited by 52
Self-citation
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided and unguided internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: study protocol for a three-armed randomised controlled trial
Lin, J., Lüking, M., Ebert, D. D., Buhrman, M., Andersson, G., & Baumeister, H. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.11.005 · Cited by 51
“Such SMS prompts have been shown to be very beneficial in internet interventions (Brouwer et al., 2011; Childs et al., 2011; Fry & Neff, 2009; Heber et al., 2013; Nobis et al., 2013; Ritterband et al., 2009; Webb et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Heuristic Evaluation of Ehealth Interventions: Establishing Standards That Relate to the Therapeutic Process Perspective
Baumel, A., & Muench, F. J. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4563 · Cited by 54
“There are several models that have informed the development of eHealth interventions [5-9] and established the fundamental principles of the design process.”
Tailoring the Mode of Information Presentation: Effects on Younger and Older Adults' Attention and Recall of Online Information
Nguyen, M. H., van Weert, J. C. M., Bol, N., Loos, E. F., Tytgat, K. M. A. J., van de Ven, A. W. H., & Smets, E. M. A. (2016) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/hcre.12097 · Cited by 58
How do mobile health applications support behaviour changes? A scoping review of mobile health applications relating to physical activity and eating behaviours
Aromatario, O., Hoye, A. V., Vuillemin, A., Foucaut, A.-M., Crozet, C., Pommier, J., & Cambon, L. (2019) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2019.06.011 · Cited by 57
Adolescent and parent experiences with a primary care/Internet-based depression prevention intervention (CATCH-IT)
Iloabachie, C., Wells, C., Goodwin, B., Baldwin, M., Vanderplough-Booth, K., Gladstone, T., Murray, M., Fogel, J., & Van Voorhees, B. W. (2011) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.08.004 · Cited by 48
“Several recent publications have summarized key concepts for the implementation of Internet interventions, such as the participant's motivation, engagement and support, and the website's design and usability [17–19].”
Background
Technology for behavioral assessment and intervention in bariatric surgery
Thomas, J. G., Bond, D. S., Sarwer, D. B., & Wing, R. R. (2011) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2011.02.009 · Cited by 49
Development and technical functionality of an Internet-based intervention for tinnitus in the UK
Beukes, E. W., Vlaescu, G., Manchaiah, V., Baguley, D. M., Allen, P. M., Kaldo, V., & Andersson, G. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.08.002 · Cited by 48
“Tailored interventions have demonstrated increased benefits compared to nontailored interventions in promoting various behavioural changes such as targeting physical activity, dietary behaviours and promoting undertaking screening (Kroeze et al., 2006; Richards et al., 2007; Sohl and Moyer, 2007).”
Background
Predictors of adherence and outcome in internet-based cognitive behavior therapy delivered in a telephone counseling setting
Farrer, L. M., Griffiths, K. M., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A. J., & Batterham, P. J. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9589-1 · Cited by 47
Examining the use of evidence-based and social media supported tools in freely accessible physical activity intervention websites
Vandelanotte, C., Kirwan, M., Rebar, A. L., Alley, S., Short, C. E., Fallon, L., Buzza, G., Schöeppe, S., Maher, C. A., & Duncan, M. J. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-014-0105-0 · Cited by 51
Persuasive technology for enhanced learning behavior in higher education
Widyasari, Y. D. L., Nugroho, L. E., & Permanasari, A. E. (2019) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-019-0142-5 · Cited by 52
Assessing the quality and communicative aspects of patient decision aids for early-stage breast cancer treatment: a systematic review
Vromans, R., Tenfelde, K., Pauws, S. C., van Eenbergen, M. C. H. J., Mares-Engelberts, I., Velikova, G., van de Poll-Franse, L. V., & Krahmer, E. (2019) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-019-05351-4 · Cited by 47
Psychological therapies (remotely delivered) for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents
Fisher, E., Law, E. F., Palermo, T. M., & Eccleston, C. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011118 · Cited by 48
How Tailoring the Mode of Information Presentation Influences Younger and Older Adults’ Satisfaction with Health Websites
Nguyen, M. H., Smets, E. M. A., Bol, N., Loos, E. F., & van Weert, J. C. M. (2018) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2017.1421729 · Cited by 46
Unraveling Mobile Health Exercise Interventions for Adults: Scoping Review on the Implementations and Designs of Persuasive Strategies
Sporrel, K., Nibbeling, N., Wang, S., Ettema, D., & Simons, M. (2020) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/16282 · Cited by 53
“The BIT model is grounded in 3 well-respected design models [11,31-33] and includes principles from both behavioral theories and technological features.”
Method
Posttreatment Attrition and Its Predictors, Attrition Bias, and Treatment Efficacy of the Anxiety Online Programs
AL-Asadi, A. M., Klein, B., & Meyer, D. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3513 · Cited by 40
“Numerous articles have highlighted the increasing popularity and the rapid growth of online interventions, (eg, [6,8,12-14]) and have discussed the effectiveness of online programs for the treatment of anxiety disorders (eg, [2,6,15-19]).”
Pumpers, skypers, surfers and texters: technology to improve the management of diabetes in teenagers
Harris, M. A., Hood, K. K., & Mulvaney, S. A. (2012) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01599.x · Cited by 46
“Ritterband et al [46] have developed a framework to guide the conceptualization of not only the components of an Internet intervention, but how the website fits into a set of constraints related to the individual and the context of the behaviours to be influenced.”
Background
Cognitive mechanisms of sleep outcomes in a randomized clinical trial of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
Chow, P. I., Ingersoll, K. S., Thorndike, F. P., Lord, H. R., Gonder-Frederick, L. A., Morin, C. M., & Ritterband, L. M. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.1140 · Cited by 46
“The present investigation examined the role of various cognitive mechanisms in mediating post-intervention 12-month sleep outcomes by comparing an online CBT-I program (Sleep Healthy Using the Internet [SHUTi]; Ritterband et al., 2009, 2017) with an online patient education condition.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Perceived acceptability of wearable devices for the treatment of mental health problems
Hunkin, H., King, D. L., & Zajac, I. T. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22934 · Cited by 46
The Needle in the Haystack: Identifying Credible Mobile Health Apps for Pediatric Populations during a Pandemic and beyond
Psihogios, A. M., Stiles‐Shields, C., & Neary, M. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa094 · Cited by 44
“This framework builds upon previously discussed strategies for evaluating and selecting internet-based (Ritterband et al., 2009) and app interventions (Boudreaux et al., 2014; Jake-Schoffman et al., 2017) for adults by focusing specifically on pediatric populations and their relevant social…”
Method
Comparing the Acceptance of Mobile Hypertension Apps for Disease Management Among Patients Versus Clinical Use Among Physicians: Cross-sectional Survey
Breil, B., Salewski, C., & Apolinário-Hagen, J. (2021) · JMIR Cardio · doi:10.2196/31617 · Cited by 45
“This study aims to complement existing research on mHealth acceptance by applying the extended UTAUT model and specifically focusing on other individual predictors related to hypertension and global user-related characteristics (eg, self-efficacy, eHealth literacy) [37], differentiated by personal use (patients) and c…”
Method
An Internet-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Korean Americans: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
McDonnell, D. D., Kazinets, G., Lee, H., & Moskowitz, J. M. (2011) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq260 · Cited by 44
Predictors and Effects of Usage of an Online Mindfulness Intervention for Distressed Cancer Patients: Usability Study
Cillessen, L., van de Ven, M. O., Compen, F. R., Bisseling, E. M., van der Lee, M. L., & Speckens, A. E. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17526 · Cited by 43
“A proposed behavioral change model for internet interventions suggests that adherence is not only determined by personal characteristics, but also by environmental factors, support, and website characteristics [52], which we also showed in a qualitative study on eMBCT [47].”
Background
Internet-Based Depression Prevention over the Life Course: A Call for Behavioral Vaccines
Voorhees, B. W. V., Mahoney, N., Mazo, R., Barrera, A. Z., Siemer, C. P., Gladstone, T. R. G., & Muñoz, R. F. (2011) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.11.002 · Cited by 44
“to future threats that is theoretically and empirically grounded; (3) a motivational framework to boost response to behavior prescription (“motivation,” “positive relationships,” and “dose”); and (4) a structured implementation strategy, as one must intervene before the onset of disorder (“Web site design,” “varied te…”
Individual characteristics associated with physical activity intervention delivery mode preferences among adults
Short, C. E., Vandelanotte, C., & Duncan, M. J. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-11-25 · Cited by 46
Can We Learn to Treat One Another Better? A Test of a Social Intelligence Curriculum
Zautra, E. K., Zautra, A., Écija, C., & Furlong, L. V. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128638 · Cited by 65
Effects of a Web-Based Patient Activation Intervention to Overcome Clinical Inertia on Blood Pressure Control: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Thiboutot, J. P., Sciamanna, C., Falkner, B. E., Kephart, D. K., Stuckey, H. L., Adelman, A., Curry, W. J., & Lehman, E. B. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2298 · Cited by 40
“interventions [55,56], we observed high rates of fidelity (>70% of all study months) by asking patients to complete a brief Web-based survey, leading to tailored feedback, each month and before provider visits.”
Background
Engagement and attrition in Internet smoking cessation interventions: insights from a cross-sectional survey of “one-hit-wonders”
Saul, J. E., Amato, M. S., Cha, S., & Graham, A. L. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.07.001 · Cited by 39
“Engagement with Internet interventions has been conceptualized to include 1) amount of exposure or use, and 2) skills practice, or the completion of activities or exercises that teach or reinforce knowledge or behavior related to the outcome of interest (Danaher et al., 2009; Ritterband et al., 2009).”
Background
Structural social support predicts functional social support in an online weight loss programme
Hwang, K. O., Etchegaray, J. M., Sciamanna, C., Bernstam, E. V., & Thomas, E. J. (2012) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00759.x · Cited by 39
Usability of Health Information Websites Designed for Adolescents: Systematic Review, Neurodevelopmental Model, and Design Brief
Reen, G., Muirhead, L., & Langdon, D. W. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11584 · Cited by 39
“Adding this feature may also help to improve adolescents’ motivation to continue engaging with the website, perhaps because they identify with the health issue presented in the story [12].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Principles of gamification for Internet interventions
Floryan, M., Ritterband, L. M., & Chow, P. I. (2019) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibz041 · Cited by 39
Self-citation
Toward Data-Driven Digital Therapeutics Analytics: Literature Review and Research Directions
Lee, U., Jung, G., Ma, E.-Y., Kim, J. S., Kim, H., Alikhanov, J., Noh, Y., & Kim, H. (2023) · IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica · doi:10.1109/jas.2023.123015 · Cited by 42
“DTx Mechanisms: Existing intervention models include the behavior intervention technology (BIT) model [12] and Fogg’ s model [81].”
Engagement and Adherence With ez PARENT, an mHealth Parent-Training Program Promoting Child Well-Being
Breitenstein, S. M., Brager, J., Ocampo, E. V., & Fogg, L. (2017) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559517725402 · Cited by 44
“Analysis of adherence and program outcomes can inform future intervention adaptations (Ritterband et al., 2009).”
Background
Multisite Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating an Online Self-Management Program for Adolescents With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Connelly, M. A., Schanberg, L. E., Ardoin, S. P., Blakley, M., Carrasco, R., Chira, P., Hayward, K. N., Ibarra, M. F., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsy066 · Cited by 41
Experiences and Factors Affecting Usage of an eHealth Tool for Self-Management Among People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Qualitative Study
Marklund, S., Tistad, M., Lundell, S., Östrand, L., Sörlin, A., Boström, C., Wadell, K., & Nyberg, A. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/25672 · Cited by 38
“78 minutes spent on the site per month) reported low motivation, a higher need for technical support, a negative view about the disease and self-management, and had problematic health literacy as measured by the Communicative and Critical Health Literacy Scale (median [range] 154 [5-2102]).”
BackgroundMethodResult
Using smartphone-based applications (apps) in workplace health promotion: The opinion of German and Austrian leaders
Dunkl, A., & Jiménez, P. (2017) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458215623077 · Cited by 36
“3,4, 6,13,14,15,16 Another major advantage is delivering instant feedback and support.”
Background
Mobile Cognitive Therapy: Adherence and acceptability of an online intervention in remitted recurrently depressed patients
Kok, G. D., Bockting, C., Burger, H., Smit, F., & Riper, H. M. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.05.002 · Cited by 39
“According to the model of Internet-based interventions by Ritterband et al. (2009), based onmultiple theories andmodels, factors such as user characteristics, adherence, support and website characteristic all influence the usage of the Internet-based intervention.”
Method
Klinisch-psychologische Intervention im Internet
Eichenberg, C., & Ott, R. (2011) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-011-0832-5 · Cited by 36
Experiences of a Web-Based Nursing Intervention—Interviews with Women with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Jelin, E., Granum, V., & Eide, H. (2012) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2011.08.008 · Cited by 35
Digital health in pain assessment, diagnosis, and management: Overview and perspectives
Hadjiat, Y., & Arendt‐Nielsen, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1097379 · Cited by 35
“’s behaviour change model for internet interventions that includes metrics of usage and efficacy, change in actions, and treatment support (36).”
Background
Engagement in “My Child's Asthma”, an interactive web-based pediatric asthma management intervention
Meischke, H. W., Lozano, P., Zhou, C., Garrison, M. M., & Christakis, D. (2011) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.08.002 · Cited by 35
“Ritterband and colleagues [21] include user characteristics as predictor variables into their theoretical behavior change model for Internet interventions.”
Background
Retaining Critical Therapeutic Elements of Behavioral Interventions Translated For Delivery via the Internet: Recommendations and an Example Using Pain Coping Skills Training
Rini, C. K., Porter, L. S., Somers, T. J., McKee, D. C., & Keefe, F. J. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3374 · Cited by 35
“Theoretical models of behavior change developed specifically for Internet interventions may be useful as a starting point for this work [66,67], as can research showing the most effective components of behavioral interventions [68].”
Technology to Optimize Pediatric Diabetes Management and Outcomes
Markowitz, J. T., Harrington, K. R., & Laffel, L. M. (2013) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-013-0419-3 · Cited by 38
“In addition, guidelines may help systematically describe these interventions in the research literature, improving the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs [45, 46].”
Mixed feelings: general practitioners’ attitudes towards eHealth for stress urinary incontinence - a qualitative study
Firet, L., de Bree, C., Verhoeks, C. M., Teunissen, D. A. M., & Lagro-Janssen, A. L. M. (2019) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-019-0907-x · Cited by 35
eSCCIP: A Psychosocial eHealth Intervention for Parents of Children With Cancer
Canter, K. S., Deatrick, J. A., Hilgart, M. M., Myers, J., Vega, G., Ritterband, L. M., & Kazak, A. E. (2019) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000264 · Cited by 35
“This selfreport questionnaire was developed by the study team with guidance from an expert in eHealth (LR), based on published tools used for eHealth interventions (Ritterband et al., 2008, 2013; Thorndike et al., 2008).”
MethodSelf-citation
Tailored Web-Based Information for Younger and Older Patients with Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial of a Preparatory Educational Intervention on Patient Outcomes
Nguyen, M. H., Smets, E. M. A., Bol, N., Loos, E. F., van Laarhoven, H. W. M., Geijsen, D. E., Henegouwen, M. I. V. B., Tytgat, K. M. A. J., & van Weert, J. C. M. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/14407 · Cited by 35
“Moreover, the way in which content is processed highly depends on how this information is delivered [72].”
Background
Use of Videos and Digital Media in Parent-implemented Interventions for Parents of Children with Primary Speech Sound And/or Language Disorders: A Scoping Review
Bellon-Harn, M. L., Morris, L. R., Manchaiah, V. K. C., & Harn, W. E. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01842-x · Cited by 39
Socio-technical Imaginaries: Envisioning and Understanding AI Parenting Supports through Design Fiction
Petsolari, M., Ibrahim, S. B., & Slovak, P. (2024) · Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642619 · Cited by 35
“Digital parenting interventions have emerged as a solution to some of these challenges [37, 135, 235, 282].”
Information Architecture of Web-Based Interventions to Improve Health Outcomes: Systematic Review
Pugatch, J., Grenen, E., Surla, S., Schwarz, M., & Cole-Lewis, H. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7867 · Cited by 34
“Feedback and reinforcement not only personalize the user experience but also help the individual progress through an intervention program and adopt a behavior change [1,9].”
A Review of the Theoretical Basis, Effects, and Cost Effectiveness of Online Smoking Cessation Interventions in the Netherlands: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Cheung, K. L., Wijnen, B. F. M., & de Vries, H. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7209 · Cited by 33
“The literature shows that the theoretical basis of an intervention and behavior change techniques (BCTs) are characteristics that may influence the impact of behavior [15-17].”
Background
Enhancing patient participation of older migrant cancer patients: needs, barriers, and eHealth
Yılmaz, N. G., Sungur, H., van Weert, J. C. M., van den Muijsenbergh, M. E. T. C., & Schouten, B. C. (2022) · Ethnicity & Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2020.1857338 · Cited by 34
“These features make eHealth interventions potentially e ﬀ ective in reducing barriers that might impede the identi ﬁ cation and subsequent ful ﬁ llment of ethnic minority patients ’ /survivors ’ needs (Kreuter and McClure 2004; Lang 2006; Ritterband et al. 2009).”
Can Smartphones Help Deliver Smarter Care for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Kelso, M., & Feagins, L. A. (2018) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izy162 · Cited by 34
Health Behavior Change Support Systems as a research discipline; A viewpoint
Kelders, S. M., Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Oörni, A., & van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. W. C. (2016) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.06.022 · Cited by 32
Predictors of treatment outcomes and adherence in internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety in China
Chen, H., Rodriguez, M. A., Qian, M., Kishimoto, T., Lin, M., & Berger, T. (2020) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465819000730 · Cited by 33
“For example, the behaviour change model for internet interventions describes an integrated process for how effective internet interventions produce and maintain behaviour changes and symptom reductions (Ritterband et al., 2009).”
Background
Evaluating Treatment Participation in an Internet-Based Behavioral Intervention for Pediatric Chronic Pain
Law, E. F., Murphy, L. K., & Palermo, T. M. (2012) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jss057 · Cited by 33
Use of Mental Health Apps by Patients With Breast Cancer in the United States: Pilot Pre-Post Study
Chow, P. I., Showalter, S. L., Gerber, M. S., Kennedy, E. M., Brenin, D. R., Mohr, D. C., Lattie, E. G., Gupta, A., Ocker, G., & Cohn, W. F. (2020) · JMIR Cancer · doi:10.2196/16476 · Cited by 33
“The PROMIS scales were administered at baseline and postintervention.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
A Mobile Health Behavior Intervention to Reduce Pain and Improve Health in Older Adults With Obesity and Chronic Pain: The MORPH Pilot Trial
Fanning, J. T., Brooks, A. K., Ip, E. H., Nicklas, B. J., Rejeski, W. J., Nesbit, B. A., & Ford, S. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2020.598456 · Cited by 35
“As Ritterband (34) notes, digital health tool usage can be expected to decrease as individuals complete discrete tasks (e.g., watching a video) or internalize skills taught by the toolset (e.g., self-monitoring movement patterns).”
Digital self-management interventions for osteoarthritis: a systematic scoping review of intervention characteristics, adherence and attrition
Patten, R. K., Tacey, A., Pile, R., Parker, A. G., Gori, M. D., Tran, P., McKenna, M. J., Lane, R., Apostolopoulos, V., Said, C. M., et al. (2022) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-022-00854-x · Cited by 32
“We also must consider the impact of the increased accessibility of online interventions in that they allow people to receive treatment at any time and location [51].”
Background
Web-Based Intervention for Teachers of Elementary Students With ADHD: Randomized Controlled Trial
Corkum, P. V., Elik, N., Blotnicky-Gallant, P., McGonnell, M., & McGrath, P. J. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715603198 · Cited by 33
Technology-Mediated Therapy for Chronic Pain Management: The Challenges of Adapting Behavior Change Interventions for Delivery with Pervasive Communication Technology
Rosser, B. A., McCullagh, P. J., Davies, R. J., Mountain, G. A., McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2011) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2010.0136 · Cited by 33
Evaluation of an Internet-Based Behavioral Intervention to Improve Psychosocial Health Outcomes in Children With Insomnia (Better Nights, Better Days): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Corkum, P. V., Reid, G. J., Hall, W. A., Godbout, R., Stremler, R., Weiss, S. K., Gruber, R., Witmans, M., Chambers, C. T., Begum, E. A., et al. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.8348 · Cited by 33
“Qualitative data were analyzed using Ritterband’s eHealth model [67] to better understand how any potential barriers to intervention use (eg, level of ease of accessing the internet) could be corrected and addressed (eg, increased social presence, increased interactivity and personalization).”
Committing to change: a persuasive systems design analysis of user commitments for a behaviour change support system
Oduor, M., & B, H. O.-K. A. (2019) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2019.1598495 · Cited by 38
“In line with previous studies (Halttu & Oinas-Kukkonen, 2017; Kelders et al., 2012; Langrial et al., 2013; Ritterband et al., 2009) that showed the importance of dialogue support, it was also shown in the present study to be an important factor in evaluating the effectiveness of a system.”
Result
A Visualization Tool to Analyse Usage of Web-Based Interventions: The Example of Positive Online Weight Reduction (POWeR)
Arden-Close, E. J., Smith, E., Bradbury, K., Morrison, L., Dennison, L., Michaelides, D., & Yardley, L. (2015) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/humanfactors.4310 · Cited by 32
“It is also possible that not all users may need to complete an Internet intervention to obtain positive results—different doses may be necessary for different people [6].”
Background
Incorporating Mobile Phone Technologies to Expand Evidence-Based Care
Jones, D. J., Anton, M., Gonzalez, M., Honeycutt, A., Khavjou, O., Forehand, R., & Parent, J. (2015) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.06.002 · Cited by 32
“…mobile phones and, most important, the processes by which client use of the intended functionality is hypothesized to enhance the reach and impact of service delivery (see Jones et al., 2013, 2014; Riley et al., 2011; Ritterband et al., 2009; Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, & Davis, 2003, for reviews).”
Background
The Development of Game-Based Digital Mental Health Interventions: Bridging the Paradigms of Health Care and Entertainment
Lukka, L., & Palva, J. M. (2023) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/42173 · Cited by 37
“Behavioral change can lead to symptom change [13], although often after a significant delay of days and weeks, which should motivate attention to the player experience.”
Influential
The needs and preferences of pregnant smokers regarding tailored Internet-based smoking cessation interventions: a qualitative interview study
Herbeć, A., Beard, E., Brown, J., Gardner, B., Tombor, I., & West, R. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1070 · Cited by 32
“Furthermore, it was reported that e-mails may increase engagement with online interventions [54]; however, this study suggest that individual preferences for the intensity of e-mail communications and personal support should be taken into account.”
BackgroundResult
Combining Users’ Needs With Health Behavior Models in Designing an Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Physical Activity in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Antypas, K., & Wangberg, S. C. (2014) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.2725 · Cited by 31
“The effectiveness of Internet-based health interventions is connected with the adoption of the appropriate theoretical framework [11-14], while the viability of these interventions is associated with strong user involvement in their design [15].”
A systematic review on effect of electronic media on diet, exercise, and sexual activity among adolescents
Zahiruddin, Q. S., Gaidhane, A. M., Sinha, A., Khatib, M. N., Simkhada, P. P., Behere, P. B., Saxena, D. B., Unnikrishnan, B., Khatib, M., & Ahmed, M. (2018) · Indian Journal of Community Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_143_18 · Cited by 33
“[6] Exploiting electronic media to encourage health behavior change has numerous benefits.[7] Electronic media may also be used to promote the healthy lifestyle, thereby preventing obesity in children and adolescent.”
Background
A systematic review of the dose-response relationship between usage and outcomes of online physical activity weight-loss interventions
Smith, N., & Liu, S. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100344 · Cited by 32
Hybrid Experimental Designs for Intervention Development: What, Why, and How
Nahum-Shani, I. B., Dziak, J. J., Walton, M. A., & Dempsey, W. (2022) · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/25152459221114279 · Cited by 41
“, by clinical staff) can be more engaging (Ritterband et al., 2009; Schueller et al., 2017) but potentially more expensive and burdensome.”
Background
Using findings in multimedia learning to inform technology-based behavioral health interventions
Aronson, I. D., Marsch, L. A., & Acosta, M. C. (2012) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-012-0137-4 · Cited by 33
“…of the increased ﬁ delity they assure, technology-based interventions enable researchers to precisely control which aspects of an intervention are provided to each participant [3], and consequently create new opportunities to assess the comparative effectiveness of various clinical interventions.”
Background
Effectiveness of a Universal Web-based Parenting Program to Promote Positive Parenting: Patterns and Predictors on Program Satisfaction
Perdomo, A. S., Byrne, S., & López, M. J. R. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1162-9 · Cited by 32
Impacts of GlobalConsent, a Web-Based Social Norms Edutainment Program, on Sexually Violent Behavior and Bystander Behavior Among University Men in Vietnam: Randomized Controlled Trial
Yount, K. M., Cheong, Y. F., Bergenfeld, I., Trang, Q. T., Sales, J. M., Li, Y., & Minh, T. H. (2022) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/35116 · Cited by 31
“To operationalize this theory of change, programmatic features of RealConsent include gender-specific content [28-31] that resonates with the viewer [32] and diverse behavior change techniques [33], such as providing information and instruction on obtaining effective consent for sex and intervening safely, modeling co…”
Background
A Mobile Health Intervention to Reduce Pain and Improve Health (MORPH) in Older Adults With Obesity: Protocol for the MORPH Trial
Fanning, J. T., Brooks, A. K., Ip, E. H., Nicklas, B. J., & Rejeski, W. J. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.9712 · Cited by 31
“…education content, and progress toward weekly goals to automatically generate weekly individualized email feedback, as previous research from our group and others has demonstrated that these regular contacts are important for sustaining app engagement and a sense of social accountability [28,29].”
BackgroundMethod
Is More Always Better?
Alshurafa, N. I., Jain, J., Alharbi, R., Iakovlev, G., Spring, B. J., & Pfammatter, A. F. (2018) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3287031 · Cited by 33
“Studies involving participant experiences with technology, not only in mHealth, but in most studies involving participant interaction with technology, generally agree that engagement with the technology is essential in generating health behavior change [7, 12, 16, 17, 28, 44, 51, 52, 60, 63, 64, 77].”
The Effect of Active Plus, a Computer-Tailored Physical Activity Intervention, on the Physical Activity of Older Adults with Chronic Illness(es)—A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Volders, E., Bolman, C. A. W., de Groot, R. H. M., Verboon, P., & Lechner, L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072590 · Cited by 32
“This may especially be the case for online interventions [68].”
Background

Authors: Ritterband, L. M., Thorndike, F. P., Cox, D. J., Kovatchev, B. P., & Gonder-Frederick, L. A.
Affiliations: University of Virginia Health System (US)
Corresponding author: Ritterband, Lee M.
ORCID: Ritterband, Lee M.
Thorndike, Frances P.
Cox, Daniel J.
Kovatchev, Boris P.
Gonder-Frederick, Linda A.
Venue: Annals of Behavioral Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2009-08
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Pages: 18-27
ISSN: 0742-5554 (ISSN-L)
0883-6612
1532-4796
DOI: 10.1007/s12160-009-9133-4
PMC: PMC2878721
OpenAlex: W2161380409
Cited by: 591
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 29.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Annals of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (R34 MH70805, R34MH070805)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD028160)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: online intervention, behavior change models, online health interventions, mechanisms of change, medication adherence, maintenance therapy, symptom improvement, website characteristics, user support, environmental factors, behavioral medicine
MeSH terms: Behavior Therapy, Computer Simulation, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Models, Psychological, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, User-Computer Interface, Internet

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A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions

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