Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided and unguided internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: study protocol for a three-armed randomised controlled trial

Lin, Jiaxi; Lüking, Marianne; Ebert, David Daniel; Buhrman, Monica; Andersson, Gerhard; Baumeister, Harald

doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.11.005

Cited by 51Digital Mental Health InterventionsMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided and unguided internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: study protocol for a three-armed randomised controlled trial

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Lin, Jiaxi, Lüking, Marianne, Ebert, David Daniel, Buhrman, Monica, Andersson, Gerhard, Baumeister, Harald·2015·Internet Interventions

DOI 10.1016/j.invent.2014.11.005

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Abstract

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an effective intervention for the treatment of chronic pain. Internet-based pain interventions might be an effective and cost-effective way to overcome treatment barriers of traditional face-to-face pain interventions such as the lack of availability and accessibility. However, little is known about the general (cost-)effectiveness of internet-based pain interventions and the specific (cost-) effectiveness of guided and unguided pain interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided and unguided ACT-based online intervention for persons with chronic pain (ACTonPain). ACTonPain is a pragmatic three-armed randomised controlled trial comparing ACTonPain with or without therapist guidance against a waitlist control group. Both active conditions differ only with regard to guidance provided by an eCoach, who sends feedback after each module. This study aims to include 300 participants. Randomisation and allocation will be performed using permuted block randomisation with variable block sizes. The intervention contains seven ACT-based modules with interactive exercises, and audio and video clips. Furthermore, the participants have the opportunity to receive daily text messages. Online self-assessments will take place at pre- and post-treatment, as well as at 6 month follow-up. The primary outcome is pain interference. Secondary outcomes include physical and emotional functioning, pain intensity, ACT-related variables as well as health-related quality of life. Moreover, a cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted from a societal perspective. Demographic and medical variables will be assessed on the basis of self-reports in order to detect potential moderators or mediators of the effects. The data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis and also using per-protocol analyses. This study will contribute to the evidence base of internet-based pain interventions and provide valuable information about the treatment success and cost-effectiveness regarding the intervention's level of guidance (self-help only vs. guided self-help). If ACTonPain is shown to be effective, investigations in different healthcare settings should follow, to examine possible ways of implementing ACTonPain into existing healthcare systems. The implementation of ACTonPain could help to shorten waiting times, expand access to pain treatment and, potentially, also reduce treatment costs.

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Online interventions are effective even in one-session and self-help format.
“Although online interventions have demonstrated to be effective even in one-session and in a self-help format”
From Online ACT intervention for fibromyalgia: An exploratory study of feasibility and preliminary effectiveness with smartphone-delivered experiential sampling assessment (2022) · cites this paper as Lin et al., 2015
The Introduction reports evidence that internet-based interventions for chronic pain can be effective, but says only that unguided interventions may produce clinically significant effects; it does not establish effectiveness in a self-help format. The Intervention content section describes a seven-module programme completed over several weeks, not a one-session intervention. No passage found supports the one-session part of the claim (searched: “one-session self-help” and “single session”). Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The effectiveness of online interventions appears to increase with a minimum of sessions and in a guided format.
“their effectiveness appears to increase with a minimum of sessions and in a guided format (Lin et al., 2015; Vowles et al., 2020).”
From Online ACT intervention for fibromyalgia: An exploratory study of feasibility and preliminary effectiveness with smartphone-delivered experiential sampling assessment (2022) · cites this paper as Lin et al., 2015
The Introduction (page not provided) says internet interventions with at least some guidance are often more effective than unguided ones. The intervention-content and statistical-analysis sections describe weekly modules and a planned analysis of participants completing at least five of seven modules, but do not establish that effectiveness increases with a minimum number of sessions. This is a study protocol, not a report of that result. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Vowles, K. E., Wetherell, J. L., & Sorrell, J. T. (2009) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.08.001 · Cited by 144 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…the potential of ACT for effectively treating chronic pain in different patient samples and clinical settings (McCracken et al., 2007; Thorsell et al., 2011; Veehof et al., 2011; Vowles et al., 2009, 2011, 2014b; Vowles & Thompson, 2011; Wetherell et al., 2011; Wicksell et al., 2009a, 2013).”
Background
Stepped Care for Back Pain: Activating Approaches for Primary Care
Korff, M. V., & Moore, J. C. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-9_part_2-200105011-00016 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of an Online Mind-Body Intervention for Older Adults With Chronic Pain
Berman, R. L. H., Iris, M. A., Bode, R. K., & Drengenberg, C. (2008) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.07.006 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
A Comparative Study of 2 Manual-based Self-Help Interventions, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Applied Relaxation, for Persons With Chronic Pain.
Thorsell, J., Finnes, A., Dahl, J., Lundgren, T., Gybrant, M., Gordh, T., & Buhrman, M. (2011) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e318219a933 · Cited by 136 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…highlight the potential of ACT for effectively treating chronic pain in different patient samples and clinical settings (McCracken et al., 2007; Thorsell et al., 2011; Veehof et al., 2011; Vowles et al., 2009, 2011, 2014b; Vowles & Thompson, 2011; Wetherell et al., 2011; Wicksell et al.,…”
Background
The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)-further validation including a confirmatory factor analysis and a comparison with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.
Wicksell, R. K., Olsson, G. L., & Melin, L. (2009) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.09.003 · Cited by 135 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This is a well validated measure (Wicksell et al., 2009b).”
Background
e-Health and chronic pain management: Current status and developments
Keogh, E., Rosser, B. A., & Eccleston, C. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.07.014 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Impact of an acceptance facilitating intervention on diabetes patients' acceptance of Internet-based interventions for depression: A randomized controlled trial
Baumeister, H., Nowoczin, L., Lin, J., Seifferth, H., Seufert, J., Laubner, K., & Ebert, D. D. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.04.031 · Cited by 125 · cited 7× · see citing works
“This finding suggests that guidance has an adherence-facilitating effect, keeping users engaged in the internet intervention (Baumeister et al., 2014b).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Impact of an Acceptance Facilitating Intervention on Patients’ Acceptance of Internet-based Pain Interventions: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Baumeister, H., Seifferth, H., Lin, J., Nowoczin, L., Lüking, M., & Ebert, D. (2015) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000118 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Evidence‐Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation of Chronic Nonmalignant Pain Syndrome Patients
Sanders, S. H., Harden, R. N., & Vicente, P. J. (2005) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2005.00033.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Epidemiologie von nicht tumorbedingten chronischen Schmerzen in Deutschland
Wolff, R. F., Clar, C., Lerch, C., & Kleijnen, J. (2011) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-010-1011-2 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
A comprehensive review of telehealth for pain management: where we are and the way ahead
McGeary, D. D., McGeary, C. A., & Gatchel, R. J. (2012) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012.00534.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Characteristics of Adults with Anxiety or Depression Treated at an Internet Clinic: Comparison with a National Survey and an Outpatient Clinic
Titov, N., Andrews, G., Kemp, A., & Robinson, E. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010885 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Examination of the Model Underlying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain
Vowles, K. E., Sowden, G., & Ashworth, J. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.12.009 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
Eccleston, C., Morley, S., & Williams, A. C. D. C. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007407 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a web-based and mobile stress-management intervention for employees: design of a randomized controlled trial
Heber, E., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Nobis, S., Berking, M., & Riper, H. M. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-655 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Direct and indirect costs in persons with chronic back pain and comorbid mental disorders—a systematic review
Baumeister, H., Knecht, A., & Hutter, N. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.05.008 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of minimal guided and unguided internet-based mobile supported stress-management in employees with occupational stress: a three-armed randomised controlled trial
Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Smit, F., Zarski, A.-C., Riper, H., Heber, E., Cuijpers, P., & Berking, M. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-807 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
Meeting them where they are: Using the Internet to deliver behavioral medicine interventions for pain
Rini, C. K., Williams, D. A., Broderick, J. E., & Keefe, F. J. (2012) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-011-0107-2 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
GEOGRAPHIC INEQUITY IN THE AVAILABILITY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY IN ENG LAND AND WALES
Shapiro, D. A., Cavanagh, K., & Lomas, H. (2003) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465803002066 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain
Vowles, K. E., & McCracken, L. M. (2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e558122009-002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Acceptance in Behavioral Medicine: Current Theory and Practice.
McCracken, L. M. (2011) · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a web-based intervention with mobile phone support to treat depressive symptoms in adults with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: design of a randomised controlled trial
Nobis, S., Lehr, D., Ebert, D. D., Berking, M., Heber, E., Baumeister, H., Becker, A., Snoek, F. J., & Riper, H. M. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-306 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Brief Report: Web-based Management of Adolescent Chronic Pain: Development and Usability Testing of an Online Family Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program
Long, A. C. J., & Palermo, T. M. (2008) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn082 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Psychologische Flexibilität messen: Der Fragebogen zu Akzeptanz und Handeln II
Hoyer, J., & Gloster, A. T. (2013) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000347040 · Cited by 53 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This questionnaire consists of 7 items and shows good to excellent psychometric properties in a German sample (Hoyer & Gloster, 2013).”
BackgroundMethod
A review and meta‐analysis of computerized cognitive behaviour therapy for the treatment of pain in children and adolescents
Velleman, S. C., Stallard, P. N., & Richardson, T. H. (2010) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01088.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Economics of Chronic Pain
Phillips, C. J., & Schopflocher, D. (2008) · Health care and disease management · doi:10.1002/9783527622665.ch4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Technology-Mediated Therapy for Chronic Pain Management: The Challenges of Adapting Behavior Change Interventions for Delivery with Pervasive Communication Technology
Rosser, B. A., McCullagh, P. J., Davies, R. J., Mountain, G. A., McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2011) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2010.0136 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Web-Based Behavioral Interventions for the Management of Chronic Pain
Williams, D. A. (2011) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-011-0212-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Schmerzakzeptanz – Konzept und Überprüfung einer deutschen Fassung des Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire
Nilges, P., Köster, B., & Schmidt, C. O. (2007) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-007-0614-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Can ‘ehealth’ technology deliver on its promise of pain management for all?
Eccleston, C. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Developments in the Use of E-Health for Chronic Pain Management
Keogh, E. (2012) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt.12.70 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Predictors of web-based follow-up response in the Prevention of Low Back Pain in the Military Trial (POLM)
Childs, J. D., Teyhen, D. S., Wyngaarden, J. J. V., Dougherty, B. F., Ladislas, B. J., Helton, G. L., Robinson, M. E., Wu, S. S., & George, S. Z. (2011) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-12-132 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Farewell Party
Kundera, M. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Akzeptanz- & Commitment-Therapie
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., & Strosahl, K. D. (2014) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Contextual cognitive-behavioral therapy
McCracken, L. M. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13562-15 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 108 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Hayes, S.C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K.G., 2012. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: The Process and Practice of Mindful Change. 2nd ed. Guilford Press, New York.
Schmidt, J., Lamprecht, F., Wittmann, W.W., 1989. Zufriedenheit mit der stationären Versorgung. Entwicklung eines Fragebogens und erste Validitätsuntersuchungen. Psychother. Psychosom. Med. Psychol. 39 (7), 248-255.
Wengenroth, M., 2012. Akzeptanz-und Commitmenttherapie (ACT): Mit Online- Materialien. In: Weinheim, et al. (Eds.), Therapie-Tools, 1. Aufl œ: Beltz.

Sorted by citations

Internet- and Mobile-Based Psychological Interventions: Applications, Efficacy, and Potential for Improving Mental Health: A Report of the EFPA E-Health Taskforce
Ebert, D. D., Van Daele, T., Nordgreen, T., Karekla, M., Compare, A., Zarbo, C., Brugnera, A., Øverland, S., Trebbi, G., Jensen, K. L., et al. (2018) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000318 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Prevention of mental health disorders using internet and mobile-based interventions: a narrative review and recommendations for future research.
Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., Muñoz, R. F., & Baumeister, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00116 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Internet interventions for chronic pain including headache: a systematic review
Buhrman, M., Gordh, T., & Andersson, G. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.12.001 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citation
Current status of acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: A narrative review
Feliu Soler, A., Montesinos, F., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., Scott, W., McCracken, L., & Luciano, J. (2018) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s144631 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhong, W., Luo, J., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.057 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Chatbot-Delivered Psychotherapy for Adults With Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression
Lim, S. M., Shiau, C. W. C., Cheng, L. J., & Lau, Y. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2021.09.007 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Internet- and mobile-based stress management for employees with adherence-focused guidance: efficacy and mechanism of change
Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Heber, E., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., & Berking, M. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3573 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A pilot randomized controlled trial of a group intervention via Zoom to relieve loneliness and depressive symptoms among older persons during the COVID-19 outbreak
Shapira, S., Yeshua‐Katz, D., Cohn‐Schwartz, E., Aharonson‐Daniel, L., Sarid, O., & Clarfield, A. M. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100368 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
An Internet-Based Intervention for Chronic Pain
Lin, J., Paganini, S., Sander, L., Lüking, M., Ebert, D. D., Buhrman, M., Andersson, G., & Baumeister, H. (2017) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0681 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citation
A web-based acceptance-facilitating intervention for identifying patients’ acceptance, uptake, and adherence of internet- and mobile-based pain interventions: randomized controlled trial
Lin, J., Faust, B., Ebert, D. D., Krämer, L., & Baumeister, H. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9925 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Psychological flexibility mediates the effect of an online-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: an investigation of change processes.
Lin, J., Klatt, L.-I., McCracken, L. M., & Baumeister, H. (2018) · PAIN · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001134 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Digital Interventions for Mental Disorders: Key Features, Efficacy, and Potential for Artificial Intelligence Applications
Ebert, D. D., Harrer, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., & Baumeister, H. (2019) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_29 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Technology-supported Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic health conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Herbert, M. S., Dochat, C., Wooldridge, J. S., Materna, K., Blanco, B. H., Tynan, M., Lee, M. W., Gasperi, M., Camodeca, A., Harris, D., et al. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103995 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided Internet- and mobile-based intervention for the indicated prevention of major depression in patients with chronic back pain—study protocol of the PROD-BP multicenter pragmatic RCT
Sander, L., Paganini, S., Lin, J., Schlicker, S., Ebert, D. D., Buntrock, C., & Baumeister, H. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1193-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Baseline psychological inflexibility moderates the outcome pain interference in a randomized controlled trial on Internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain
Probst, T., Baumeister, H., McCracken, L. M., & Lin, J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8010024 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A guided and unguided internet- and mobile-based intervention for chronic pain: health economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial
Paganini, S., Lin, J., Kählke, F., Buntrock, C., Leiding, D., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023390 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Psychological therapies delivered remotely for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
Rosser, B. A., Fisher, E., Janjua, S., Eccleston, C., Keogh, E., & Duggan, G. B. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013863.pub2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided internet- and mobile-based depression intervention for individuals with chronic back pain: protocol of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial
Lin, J., Sander, L., Paganini, S., Schlicker, S., Ebert, D., Berking, M., Bengel, J., Nobis, S., Lehr, D., Mittag, O., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015226 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Evaluation of a text-message-based maintenance intervention for Major Depressive Disorder after inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy.
Schlicker, S., Ebert, D., Middendorf, T., Titzler, I., & Berking, M. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.047 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Internet- und Mobilebasierte Interventionen in der Psychotherapie
Lin, J., & Baumeister, H. (2015) · Public Health Forum · doi:10.1515/pubhef-2015-0063 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Economic Evaluation of an Internet-Based Stress Management Intervention Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial
Kählke, F., Buntrock, C., Smit, F., Berking, M., Lehr, D., Heber, E., Funk, B., Riper, H. M., & Ebert, D. D. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/10866 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lessons Learned from an Attempted Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial for Improvement of Chronic Pain-Associated Disability in Green Professions: Long-Term Effectiveness of a Guided Online-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (PACT-A)
Braun, L., Terhorst, Y., Titzler, I., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192113858 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The online intervention was based on the previously evaluated online intervention ACTonPain for chronic pain patients [49,50] and adapted to the green sector in regard to the audiovisual content.”
Method
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of guided internet-based interventions in the indicated prevention of depression in green professions (PROD-A): study protocol of a 36-month follow-up pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Braun, L., Titzler, I., Ebert, D. D., Buntrock, C., Terhorst, Y., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., & Baumeister, H. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2244-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Internet- und mobilebasierte Intervention bei psychischen Störungen
Paganini, S., Lin, J., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2016) · NeuroTransmitter · doi:10.1007/s15016-016-5393-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Promoting Emotional Well-being in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents With Virtual Reality
Flujas-Contreras, J. M., Ruiz-Castañeda, D., & Becerra, I. G. (2019) · CIN Computers Informatics Nursing · doi:10.1097/cin.0000000000000586 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Evaluating the Efficacy of a Guided and Unguided Internet-Based Self-help Intervention for Chronic Loneliness: Protocol for a 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Seewer, N., Skoko, A., Käll, A., Andersson, G., Luhmann, M., Berger, T., & Krieger, T. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/36358 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Virtual Reality–Based Psychological Treatment in Long-Term Hospitalization: A Case Study
Gómez, I., Flujas-Contreras, J. M., Ruiz-Castañeda, D., & Castilla, D. (2019) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650118799196 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Design of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Internet Use Disorder—Study Protocol for a Two-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial
Saruhanjan, K., Zarski, A., Schaub, M. P., & Ebert, D. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00190 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-help interventions for persistent physical symptoms: a systematic review of behaviour change components and their potential effects
Rask, M. T., Frostholm, L., Hansen, S. H., Petersen, M. W., Ørnbøl, E., & Rosendal, M. (2023) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2022.2163917 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Barriers to and facilitators of engaging with and adhering to guided internet-based interventions for depression prevention and reduction of pain-related disability in green professions: mixed methods study
Braun, L., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Titzler, I. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/39122 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Computer und Psychotherapie – geht das zusammen?
Schuster, R., Berger, T., & Laireiter, A. (2017) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-017-0214-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of a guided internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to improve chronic pain-related disability in green professions (PACT-A): Study protocol of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Terhorst, Y., Braun, L., Titzler, I., Buntrock, C., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D., & Baumeister, H. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034271 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Further development in the assessment of psychological flexibility: validation of the German committed action questionnaire
Terhorst, Y., Baumeister, H., McCracken, L. M., & Lin, J. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01497-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Examining Fidelity of Web-based Acceptance and Commitment Interventions for Women with Chronic Widespread Pain
Nes, A. A. G., Brembo, E. A., van Dulmen, S., Kristjánsdóttir, Ó. B., Wicksell, R. K., & Eide, H. (2015) · The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine · doi:10.5750/ijpcm.v4i2.457 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Online ACT intervention for fibromyalgia: An exploratory study of feasibility and preliminary effectiveness with smartphone-delivered experiential sampling assessment
de la Coba, P., Rodríguez-Valverde, M., & Hernández-López, M. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100561 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“These findings are consistent with those from previous research on ACT interventions for FM patients, both in online (Ljótsson et al., 2014; Simister et al., 2018) and face-to-face formats (J. Luciano et al., 2014; Jensen et al., 2012; Wicksell et al., 2013).”
MethodResult
Evaluation and management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women. Recommendations from the 5th International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024)
Rowen, T. S., Abdo, C. H. N., Kak, F. E., Maseroli, E., Pope, R., Prasad, P., Velten, J., & Vignozzi, L. (2025) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf057 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Computer und Psychotherapie – geht das zusammen? Stand der Entwicklung von Online- und gemischten Interventionen in der Psychotherapie
Schuster, R., Berger, T., & Laireiter, A. (2018) · doi:10.7892/boris.113561 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
E-mental health: state of the art
Thewissen, V., & Günther, N. (2015) · Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie · doi:10.1007/s12485-015-0102-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hurdles and potentials when implementing internet-delivered Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: a retrospective appraisal using the Quality implementation framework
Bendelin, N., Gerdle, B. U. C., & Andersson, G. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2022-0139 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Psychoanalyse und Internet
Thorwart, J. (2019) · PSYCHE · doi:10.21706/ps-73-9-852 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ACTonDiabetes: study protocol of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial for the evaluation of an acceptance and commitment-based internet-based and mobile-based intervention for adults living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
Bendig, E., SCHMITT, A. J., Wittenberg, A., Kulzer, B., Hermanns, N., Moshagen, M., & Baumeister, H. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059336 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial comparing two guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy formats to education on pain
Martel, M.-E., Dionne, F., Pagé, M. G., & Choinière, M. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100760 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Internet- und mobilbasierte Interventionen zur Prävention und Behandlung psychischer Störungen
Ebert, D. D., Zarski, A., Berking, M., & Baumeister, H. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49504-9_20 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Self-Care Group Training And Group-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on The Quality of Life and Psychological Well-Being of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Molavi, A., Afshar, H., & Hajializadeh, K. (2020) · International journal of body, mind and culture · doi:10.22122/ijbmc.v7i3.220 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Le terapie on-line: opportunità o ripiego?
Paoli, B., & Procacci, M. (2021) · QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA · doi:10.3280/qpc47-2020oa11204 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Internet and Mobile Technology: A Platform for Behavior Change and Intervention in Depression and CVDs
Baumeister, H., Terhorst, Y., & Lin, J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32480-7_22 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mobile-based intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy : the effectiveness on work ability and perceived stress for individuals with symptoms of metabolic syndrome and psychological stress
Luodelahti, M. (2015)
CBT-based App for Women Experiencing Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Pilot Study (Preprint)Preprint
Stabolidis, A., Bryant, C., Wadley, G., & Phillips, L. (2020) · doi:10.2196/preprints.19821
Chronischer Schmerz
Lin, J., Hohberg, V., & Baumeister, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65816-1_17
Internet-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain : Feasibility, patients’ experiences and implementation process
Bendelin, N. (2023) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/9789180750288
Additional file 1 of Further development in the assessment of psychological flexibility: validation of the German committed action questionnaire
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Effectiveness of an online-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain
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Comparing the clinical-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an internet-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention with a waiting list control among adults with chronic pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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A guided and unguided internet- and mobile-based intervention for chronic pain: health economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial
Paganini, S., Lin, J., Kählke, F., Buntrock, C., Leiding, D., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023390 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Effectiveness of an online-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: a three-armed RCT
Lin, J.-H., Lüking, D. M., Ebert, D. D., Buhrman, M., Andersson, G., & Baumeister, D. (2016) · European Health Psychologist

Authors: Lin, J., Lüking, M., Ebert, D. D., Buhrman, M., Andersson, G., & Baumeister, H.
Affiliations: University of Freiburg (DE)
University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
Uppsala University (SE)
Linköping University (SE)
Corresponding author: Lin, Jiaxi
ORCID: Lin, Jiaxi
Ebert, David Daniel
Buhrman, Monica
Andersson, Gerhard
Baumeister, Harald
Venue: Internet Interventions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-03
Volume: 2
Issue: 1
Pages: 7-16
ISSN: 2214-7829 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2014.11.005
OpenAlex: W2092612758
Cited by: 51
References: 108
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 8.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: Internet Interventions (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders: Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Keywords: acceptance and commitment therapy, chronic pain, online intervention, guided self-help, cost-effectiveness, pain interference, health-related quality of life

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Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided and unguided internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: study protocol for a three-armed randomised controlled trial

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