Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study
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The present study aimed at identifying the full range of mental disorders comorbid to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents (age 4-17) diagnosed in Danish psychiatric hospitals between 1995 and 2010. A total of 14,825 patients were included in the study and comorbid disorders diagnosed concurrent with ADHD were identified. Associations of comorbid disorders with sex, age, and other mental disorders were investigated by logistic regression analysis. In the total sample, 52.0 % of the patients had at least one psychiatric disorder comorbid to ADHD and 26.2 % had two or more comorbid disorders. The most frequent comorbid disorders were disorders of conduct (16.5 %), specific developmental disorders of language, learning and motor development (15.4 %), autism spectrum disorders (12.4 %), and intellectual disability (7.9 %). Male sex was generally associated with an increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders while female sex was associated more frequently with internalizing disorders. The analysis of associations between the various comorbid disorders identified several clusters highlighting the differential developmental trajectories seen in patients with ADHD. The study provides evidence that comorbidity with mental disorders is developmentally sensitive. Furthermore, the study shows that particular attention should be given to patients with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and intellectual disability in future longitudinal analyses. These disorders are very frequent in patients with ADHD, and the affected patients might follow a different course than patients without these disorders.
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Although CD, ODD and ASD are some of the most frequently reported comorbidities in ADHD, only few of these studies explained how they controlled for the presence of these symptoms.
“Although conduct (CD), oppositional-defiant (ODD) and Autism Spectrum (ASD) disorders, are some of the most frequently reported comorbidities in ADHD (Jensen and Steinhausen, 2015), only few of these studies explained how they controlled for the presence of these symptoms”
From Is autonomic nervous system function atypical in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? A systematic review of the evidence (2020) · cites this paper as Jensen and Steinhausen, 2015
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- Authors
- Jensen, C. M., & Steinhausen, H.-C.
- Affiliations
- Aalborg University Hospital (DK)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Jensen, Christina Mohr
- Venue
- ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
- Published
- 2014-06-19
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-38
- ISSN
- 1866-6116 (ISSN-L)
- 1866-6647
- OpenAlex
- W2018684776
- Cited by
- 402
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 13.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, children and adolescents, conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, sex differences, internalizing disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, developmental trajectories
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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