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Mediterranean Diet in Preventing Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Gardener, Hannah, Caunca, Michelle R.·2018·Current Nutrition Reports
DOI 10.1007/s13668-018-0222-5PMC PMC7212497
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Abstract

Purpose of review We reviewed the most recent literature examining the associations between the Mediterranean-style diet (MD), neurodegenerative diseases, and markers and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Recent findings Most, but not all, epidemiologic studies report a protective association between MD adherence, cognitive impairment, and brain health. Data from clinical trials supporting these observational findings are also emerging. Limited evidence suggests that MD adherence may be protective for Parkinson's disease risk. Mechanistically, plant polyphenols may activate similar molecular pathways as caloric restriction diets, which helps explain the neuroprotective properties of the MD. Evidence for cognitive disorders is abundant, but there is a dearth of literature for other neurodegenerative disorders and for markers of neurodegeneration. Further research is needed to elucidate the protective role of MD on neurodegeneration, the most salient components of the MD, and the most sensitive time periods over the lifecourse at which the MD may exert its effects.

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  • Increasing evidence supports the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich diets, including the traditional Mediterranean diet, for the management of cardiovascular disease, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases.

    “Increasing evidence supports the beneficial effects of a traditional Mediterranean diet in the management of cardiovascular disease, obesity and most recently, neurodegenerative diseases [5].”

    From Polyphenol Microbial Metabolites Exhibit Gut and Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Protect Murine Microglia against LPS-Induced Inflammation (2019) · cites this paper as [5]

    The ‘Associations with Vascular Disease’ section (page not provided) says Mediterranean-diet adherence is protective against obesity and stroke, and the Introduction describes it as cardioprotective. The review also reports emerging evidence for neuroprotection, but it discusses prevention and risk rather than management of established cardiovascular disease, obesity, or neurodegenerative disease. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet was recently correlated with a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including prodromal Parkinson's disease.

    “Increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet was recently correlated with a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including prodromal Parkinson’s disease [5,42].”

    From Polyphenol Microbial Metabolites Exhibit Gut and Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Protect Murine Microglia against LPS-Induced Inflammation (2019) · cites this paper as [5]

    The 'Mediterranean-Style Diet and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases' section reports an inverse association between Mediterranean-diet adherence and Parkinson’s disease odds, while describing the evidence as limited and mixed. It does not report an association specifically with prodromal Parkinson’s disease; it says more research is needed on diet earlier in life and subsequent PD risk. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gardener, H., & Caunca, M. R.
Affiliations
University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author
Gardener, Hannah
ORCID
Venue
Current Nutrition Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2018-03
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
10-20
ISSN
2161-3311 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1007/s13668-018-0222-5
PMC
PMC7212497
OpenAlex
W2790303159
Cited by
124
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 2
FWCI
2.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Current Nutrition Reports (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F30NS103462)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Keywords
Mediterranean diet, neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease, cognitive impairment, plant polyphenols, caloric restriction, neuroprotection, brain health, dietary adherence
MeSH terms
Cognition Disorders, Humans, Plant Proteins, Dietary, Health Behavior, Neuroprotective Agents, Diet, Mediterranean, Polyphenols

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