The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Astrocytes synthesize apolipoprotein E and metabolize apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that astrocytes synthesize and secrete apolipoprotein E in situ. In the present work, primary cultures of rat brain astrocytes were used to study apolipoprotein E synthesis, secretion, and metabolism in vitro. The astrocytes in culture contained immunoreactive apolipoprotein E in the area of the Golgi apparatus. Incubation of the astrocytes with [35S]methionine resulted in the secretion of labeled immunoprecipitable apolipoprotein E, which constituted 1-3% of the total secreted proteins. The apolipoprotein E secreted in culture and the apolipoprotein E in rat brain extracts differed from serum apolipoprotein E in two respects: both had a slightly higher apparent molecular weight (approx. 36,000) and more acidic isoforms than serum apolipoprotein E. Sialylation of the newly secreted apolipoprotein accounted for the difference in both the apparent molecular weight and isoelectric focusing pattern of newly secreted apolipoprotein E and plasma apolipoprotein E. The astrocytes possessed apolipoprotein B,E(LDL) receptors capable of binding and internalizing apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins. The uptake of lipoproteins by the cells led to a reduction in the number of cell surface receptors and to the intracellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters. Since apolipoprotein E is present within the brain, and since brain cells can express apolipoprotein B,E(LDL) receptors, apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins may function to redistribute lipid and regulate cholesterol homeostasis within the brain.
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In the citing paper
“In the brain and neuronal cultures, ApoE is synthesized in astrocytes.14,15”
From Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery of siRNA to Silence Neuronal Gene Expression in the Brain (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“How tau and apoE together influence tau-mediated neurodegeneration is not clear, although recent data suggest that microglia are required (Mancuso et al., 2019; Shi et al., 2019), despite the main producers of apoE in the brain being astrocytes (Pitas et al., 1987).”
From Selective removal of astrocytic APOE4 strongly protects against tau-mediated neurodegeneration and decreases synaptic phagocytosis by microglia (2021) · cites this paper as Pitas et al., 1987
In the citing paper
“In the central nervous system, this 34-kDa protein is mainly produced by microglia and astrocytes (Pitas et al., 1987) and delivers cholesterol-rich lipoproteins to neurons to support synaptogenesis and maintenance of synaptic connections (Mauch et al., 2001).”
From The Pro-Neurotrophin Receptor Sortilin Is a Major Neuronal Apolipoprotein E Receptor for Catabolism of Amyloid-β Peptide in the Brain (2013) · cites this paper as Pitas et al., 1987
In the citing paper
“Moreover, incubation with LDL has been shown to alter astrocyte morphology, although the specific consequences and mechanisms by which LDL cholesterol affects astrocytes remain incompletely understood (Dehouck et al. 1994; Engel et al. 2019; Pitas et al. 1987).”
From LDL Cholesterol Modulates Astrocyte Metabolism, Lipid Handling, and Morphology: Evidence From In Vitro and In Vivo Models (2026) · cites this paper as Pitas et al. 1987
In the citing paper
“Moreover, incubation with LDL has been shown to alter astrocyte morphology, although the specific consequences and mechanisms by which LDL cholesterol affects astrocytes remain incompletely understood (Dehouck et al. 1994; Engel et al. 2019; Pitas et al. 1987).”
From LDL Cholesterol Modulates Astrocyte Metabolism, Lipid Handling, and Morphology: Evidence From In Vitro and In Vivo Models (2026) · cites this paper as Pitas et al. 1987
In the citing paper
“Like other cells in the body, astrocytes possess an apo (B, E) receptor, and at the cellular level, this receptor provides a regulated mechanism for supplying cells with cholesterol (Volpe et al., 1978; Pitas et al., 1987).”
From Upregulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor at the blood-brain barrier: intercommunications between brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes. (1994) · cites this paper as Pitas et al., 1987
In the citing paper
“Pitas et al. (1987) have proposed a model for cholesterol transport and homeostasis within the central nervous sys- tem.”
From Upregulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor at the blood-brain barrier: intercommunications between brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes. (1994) · cites this paper as Pitas et al. (1987)
In the citing paper
“Astrocytes are the primary source of apoE in the brain [23, 24].”
From Apolipoprotein E4, inhibitory network dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
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Apolipoprotein E is found in astrocytes but not in microglia in the normal mouse brain
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pitas, R. E., Boyles, J. K., Lee, S. H., Foss, D., & Mahley, R. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pitas, Robert E.
- ORCID
- Mahley, Robert W.
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-01
- Volume
- 917
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 148-161
- ISSN
- 0005-2760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2067064610
- Cited by
- 693
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 10.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- astrocytes, apolipoprotein E, sialylation, Golgi apparatus, cholesterol esters, cholesterol homeostasis, brain lipids
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Apolipoproteins E, Astrocytes, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Female, Fetus, Fibroblasts, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Kinetics, Macrophages, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Molecular Weight, Pregnancy, Rats, Inbred Strains, Mice, Rats
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