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HDL-like-Mediated Cell Cholesterol Trafficking in the Central Nervous System and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis

Borràs, Carla, Mercer, Aina, Sirisi, Sònia, Alcolea, Daniel, Escolà-Gil, Joan Carles, Blanco-Vaca, Francisco, Tondo, Mireia·2022·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms23169356PMC PMC9409363
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Abstract

The main aim of this work is to review the mechanisms via which high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol trafficking through the central nervous system (CNS) occurs in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and abnormally hyperphosphorylated intracellular tau filaments in neurons. Cholesterol metabolism has been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of AD through biological, epidemiological, and genetic studies, with the APOE gene being the most reproducible genetic risk factor for the development of AD. This manuscript explores how HDL-mediated cholesterol is transported in the CNS, with a special emphasis on its relationship to Aβ peptide accumulation and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-mediated cholesterol transport. Indeed, we reviewed all existing works exploring HDL-like-mediated cholesterol efflux and cholesterol uptake in the context of AD pathogenesis. Existing data seem to point in the direction of decreased cholesterol efflux and the impaired entry of cholesterol into neurons among patients with AD, which could be related to impaired Aβ clearance and tau protein accumulation. However, most of the reviewed studies have been performed in cells that are not physiologically relevant for CNS pathology, representing a major flaw in this field. The ApoE4 genotype seems to be a disruptive element in HDL-like-mediated cholesterol transport through the brain. Overall, further investigations are needed to clarify the role of cholesterol trafficking in AD pathogenesis.

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  • Cholesterol transport from astrocytes to neurons occurs through HDL-like particles; cholesterol and apoE produced by astrocytes are secreted and assembled in HDL-like particles that deliver cholesterol to neurons through apoE-recognizing receptors.

    “The transport of cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons occurs through peculiar lipoprotein particles, similar to plasma HDL [23]. Specifically, cholesterol and apoE newly produced by astrocytes are secreted and assembled in HDL-like particles which, after remodeling and maturation, finally deliver cholesterol to neurons through the apoE-recognizing receptors mentioned above [11,24].”

    From PCSK9 affects astrocyte cholesterol metabolism and reduces neuron cholesterol supplying in vitro: potential implications in Alzheimer’s disease (2022) · cites this paper as [24]

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Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Borràs, C., Mercer, A., Sirisi, S., Alcolea, D., Escolà-Gil, J. C., Blanco-Vaca, F., & Tondo, M.
Affiliations
Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-08-19
Volume
23
Issue
16
Pages
9356
ISSN
1422-0067
DOI
10.3390/ijms23169356
PMC
PMC9409363
Cited by
39
References
35
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” (PI21-00140, FPU20/07440)
  • FPU (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) (PI21-00140, FPU20/07440)

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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