Primary and diagenetic controls of isotopic compositions of iron-formation carbonates

Kaufman, Alan J.; Hayes, J.M.; Klein, C.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(90)90298-y

Cited by 144Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisGeological and Geochemical Analysis

Primary and diagenetic controls of isotopic compositions of iron-formation carbonates

Kaufman, Alan J., Hayes, J.M., Klein, C.·1990·Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

DOI 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90298-y

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Abstract

Mineralogic, chemical, and isotopic compositions have been determined for 97 carbonate microbands in five core segments from the early Proterozoic (2.5 Ga) Dales Gorge Member of the Brockman Iron Formation, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. Samples were obtained both from banded iron-formation (BIF) macrobands 9-12 at Paraburdoo, on the southern margin of the basin, and from BIF macroband 13 at Wittenoom, 130 km NW. At Paraburdoo, oxygen-isotopic compositions of coexisting chert and magnetite microbands were measured and indicated final equilibration temperatures ranging from 60-160 degrees C. This range is consistent with observed mineral assemblages and indicates a considerable temperature gradient across the basin (cf. T approximately 300 degrees C at Wittenoom; BECKER and CLAYTON, 1976). Carbon-isotopic compositions of carbonates are near -7% vs. PDB at Paraburdoo and -10.5% at Wittenoom, but the greater isotopic depletion at Wittenoom appears related to primary or diagenetic processes, not metamorphism. Contents of organic carbon are consistently low. Isotopic depletion is roughly correlated with iron abundance and, together with petrographic observations and chemical balances, is consistent with the model of BIF deposition introduced by BEUKES et al. (1990): primary siderite (delta approximately -5%) precipitated from an anoxic water column depleted in 13C; additional depletion of 13C is associated with coprecipitation of iron oxides and organic carbon. Oxygen-isotopic abundances of microbanded carbonates are similar to those under- and overlying massive marine carbonates, ranging from 17.6 to 21.0% vs. SMOW (-9.6 to -12.9% vs. PDB). Millimeter-scale variations in abundances of 13C and 18O are associated with diagenetic replacement of primary siderite by secondary ankerite and/or magnetite. It is shown that these isotopic variations cannot result from mineral-dependent fractionations, metamorphism, or the influence of large volumes of water in an open system.

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Greenalite has been identified in chert layers from several Palaeoproterozoic IFs, including the Brockman Iron Formation and the Transvaal Supergroup.
“Greenalite has been identified in chert layers from several Palaeoproterozoic IFs, including the Brockman Iron Formation in Western Australia (Kaufman et al., 1990; Rasmussen et al., 2015; 2016) and the Transvaal Supergroup in South Africa (Rasmussen et al., 2017).”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Kaufman et al., 1990

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Authors: Kaufman, A. J., Hayes, J. M., & Klein, C.
Affiliations: Indiana University Bloomington (US)
University of New Mexico (US)
ORCID: Kaufman, Alan J.
Hayes, J.M.
Venue: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1990-12
Volume: 54
Issue: 12
Pages: 3461-3473
ISSN: 0016-7037 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90298-y
OpenAlex: W2028590108
Cited by: 144
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 4.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Keywords: banded iron formations, carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, siderite, ankerite, magnetite, diagenesis, Early Proterozoic, Hamersley Basin, chert, organic carbon, iron oxide, anoxic water column, isotope fractionation
MeSH terms: Carbon, Carbon Isotopes, Carbonates, Geology, Iron, Minerals, Oxygen Isotopes, Quartz, Temperature, Western Australia, Geological Phenomena

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Primary and diagenetic controls of isotopic compositions of iron-formation carbonates

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