Cited by 1,783Social and Intergroup PsychologyPsychology of Social InfluencePsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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The attribution of attitudes

Jones, Edward E, Harris, Victor A·1967·Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

DOI 10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0

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The psychology of interpersonal relations
Heider, F. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089062 · Cited by 17,189
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Heider, F. (1958) · doi:10.1037/10628-000 · Cited by 13,457
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Jones, E. E., & Davis, K. E. (1965) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60107-0 · Cited by 3,424
Self-citation
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“In line with the fundamental attribution bias (Jones & Harris, 1967), decision makers are likely to take credit for their decision-making process when outcomes are successful and attribute negative outcomes to factors external to their decision-making process (Highhouse, 2008).”
Background
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“When we observe others reading a script, for instance, we tend to assume they believe what they are saying, even when we are told in advance that they did not prepare the script and are merely reading it because they were asked to ( Jones and Harris 1967, p. 22 ).”
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“This phenomenon is highlighted in the notion of spontaneous trait inferences (STI) that originates in Ned Jones’s ( Jones & Davis, 1965; Jones & Harris, 1967; Jones & McGillis, 1976) correspondent inference theory and the repeated finding that dispositional trait attributions appear to be more…”
Background
Do negative implicit associations indicate negative attitudes? Social explanations moderate whether ostensible “negative” associations are prejudice-based or empathy-based
Andreychik, M., & Gill, M. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.05.006 · Cited by 37
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“While investigators have typically manipulated perceived freedom or constraint externally--e.g., informing an observer that an actor is either being forced to make an unpopular speech (through threats or rewards) or is free to refuse to do so ( Jones & Harris, 1967 )--constraints may function internally as well.”
Background
A helping hand is hard at work: Help-seekers’ underestimation of helpers’ effort
Newark, D. A., Bohns, V. K., & Flynn, F. J. (2017) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.01.001 · Cited by 37
Resisting Designations: An Extension of Attribution Theory into a Negotiated Context*
Prus, R. (1975) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-682x.1975.tb01209.x · Cited by 37
Fritz Heider’s Legacy
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“Regarding the latter variable, the experiment was similar to the classic attitude attribution experiment by Jones and Harris (1967), in which participants read an essay written by an actor who either was assigned to defend a particular position (no choice), or was free to choose a position (choice).”
Result
Social Context and Social Workers' Judgment of Mental Disorder
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“…would be to use a common paradigm in the social psychological literature related to testing the correspondence bias (Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Jones & Harris, 1967) or the fundamental attribution error (Ross, 1977; i.e., the tendency to infer personal characteristics from a behavior, even…”
BackgroundInfluential
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“Research with adults suggests that Western adults often overattribute behavior to personal characteristics, and underattribute behavior to situations (Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977).”
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“This phenomenon was identified by Heider (1958), who described it as "behavior engulfing the field.”
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Social Cognition
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“Uttich and Lombrozo (2010), following Jones and Harris (1967), suggest that violating a social norm is more informative than conforming to one. Uttich and Lombrozo (2010) also note that statistical norms may play a similar role in setting expectations that are informative when violated. Our model (like Machery, 2008)…”
BackgroundInfluential
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“The methodological point is that people’s trait ascriptions may have been augmented in past studies by selective stimuli (specifically designed to elicit trait inferences; Uleman et al., 2008) and selective response options (rating scales of dispositions only; for example, Jones & Harris, 1967).”
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“For example, in their first experiment, Jones and Harris (1967) described the author of the essay as "a student at the University of North Carolina, a resident of the state, and the son of an automobile salesman.”
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“For instance, in a study by Jones and Harris [20], people attributed chance-directed behaviors to disposi-tionratherthantothesituation.”
Background
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“To a notable degree, people are defined, by themselves and by others, by what they have done (e.g. Bem, 1967, 1972; Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones & Harris, 1967; McAdams, 2008).”
Background
Cross‐Cultural Differences and Similarities in Attribution
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“Further, healthy people preferentially attribute their own negative behaviour to situational factors, constituting an externalsituational attributional style,(3) but attribute the negative behaviour of others to personal factors, constituting an external-personal attributional style.(4) This normal self-serving bias i…”
Background
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“…as a consequence of the fundamental attribution error (e.g., D. M. McLeod, Detenber, & Eveland, 2001), in which people attribute an undesirable outcome to situational factors when it occurs to them and to individual characteristics when it occurs to others (E. E. Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977).”
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“This implies that in addition to having and/or possessing access to key sources of information , individuals may also possess distinct cognitive properties for effectively assigning meaning to, evaluating, and incorporating information elements associated with economic opportunity into knowledge stocks vital to foster…”
Background
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“Social psychologists label our tendency to attribute individual behavior to stable personal characteristics rather than situational determinants as ‘‘the fundamental attribution error’’ (e.g., Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
Neural mechanisms underlying the integration of situational information into attribution outcomes
Brosch, T., Schiller, D., Mojdehbakhsh, R., Uleman, J. S., & Phelps, E. A. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst019 · Cited by 33
“Very often, however, people attribute behaviors to dispositional causes, even though the behavior could be entirely explained by the situation in which it occurred (Jones and Harris, 1967).”
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Attribution of causality as a means of restoring behavioral freedom.
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The role of observers' expectations in attitude attribution
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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“This hypothesis may also account for the robustness of the correspondence bias in the most common paradigm used to investigate this phenomenon, the so-called attitude attribution paradigm (Jones & Harris, 1967; see Jones, 1990, for a review).”
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“The actor–observer asymmetry that we have hypothesized may appear to contradict the classic correspondence bias, whereby observers believe that they have learned something about an actor’s internal disposition on the basis of that actor’s behavior, even when that behavior would be shown by almost anyone in the actor’s…”
Background
A contextualized view on long-term predictors of academic performance.
Gut, J., Reimann, G., & Grob, A. (2013) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031503 · Cited by 41
Is the Attitude-Attribution Paradigm Suitable for Investigating the Dispositional Bias?
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The Development of CBT Programmes for Anger: The Role of Interventions to Promote Perspective-Taking Skills
Day, A., Howells, K., Mohr, P. B., Schall, E., & Gerace, A. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246580800430x · Cited by 31
“Their analysis is reminiscent of attributional accounts of interpersonal behaviour, and in particular of the correspondent inference theory (Jones and Davis, 1965; Jones and Harris, 1967) and the fundamental attribution error (Ross, 1977), which suggests that when we attempt to explain someone else’s behaviour, we und…”
Background
Character, Common-Sense, and Expertise
Webber, J. (2006) · Ethical Theory and Moral Practice · doi:10.1007/s10677-006-9041-7 · Cited by 31
“Subjects told that the author was not free to make this choice still tended to infer pro- or anti-Castro attitudes, though weaker ones (Jones and Harris 1967).”
Background
The Clinical Assessment in the Legal Field: An Empirical Study of Bias and Limitations in Forensic Expertise
Iudici, A., Salvini, A., Faccio, E., & Castelnuovo, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01831 · Cited by 31
The Development of Attribution Processes
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Smile when you say that: Effects of willingness on dispositional inferences
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Toward an understanding of the fundamental attribution error: Essay diagnosticity in the attitude attribution paradigm
Miller, A. G., & Rorer, L. G. (1982) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(82)90039-3 · Cited by 31
Celebrity entrepreneurship and celebrity endorsement : Similarities, differences and the effect of deeper engagement
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Social Psychology and Language: Words, Utterances, and Conversations
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“While the JONES and HARRIS (1967) experiment is usually explained differently, as an illustration of a correspondence bias, correspondence inference theory (JONES and MCGILLIS 1976) does not really explain how uncritically an external bias can be ignored in spite of explicit instructions from the beginning.”
Background
Effects of message objectivity and focus on green CSR communication: The strategy development for a hotel’s green CSR message
Kang, E. Y., & Atkinson, L. (2019) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2019.1640270 · Cited by 30
Being Honest and Acting Consistently: Boundary Conditions of the Negativity Effect in the Attribution of Morality
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“Jones and co-authors (Jones, 1976; Jones & Harris, 1967) show that during the impression-formation process on social targets the social perceiver assigns a greater weight to information and behaviors that do not conform to social norms, thus being unexpected, distinct and informative (Jones &…”
Background
When are organizations punished for organizational misconduct? A review and research agenda
McDonnell, M., & Nurmohamed, S. (2021) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2021.100150 · Cited by 32
Towards the development of brain injury specialists
Jackson, H., & Manchester, D. (2001) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-2001-16105 · Cited by 30
“The FAE is a very common ﬁnding in human reasoning, and can be resistant to change even in the face of clear evidence of situational determinants to behaviour [10].”
Making Attributions for Behaviors: The Prevalence of Correspondence Bias in the General Population
Bauman, C. W., & Skitka, L. J. (2010) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2010.495654 · Cited by 30
“Therefore, the current study replicated results of other correspondence bias studies that used college student samples (e.g., Jones & Harris, 1967).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Adaptive Cognition and Aging
Blanchard–Fields, F., & Chen, Y. (1996) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764296039003003 · Cited by 30
Estimating the effects of misleading information on witness accuracy: can experts tell jurors something they don't already know?
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Everyday egocentrism and everyday interpersonal problems.
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“This finding may be viewed as illustrative of the fundamental attribution error, or the tendency to favour dispositional (or attitudinal) explanations for behaviour over situational explanations (Jones and Harris 1967).”
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“FAE refers to the tendency for people to overuse personality-based explanations for the behaviors they observe in others (Jones & Harris, 1967).”
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Authors: Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Venue: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1967-01
Volume: 3
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-24
ISSN: 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0
OpenAlex: W2103278175
Cited by: 1,783
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 82
FWCI: 20.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: attitude attribution, prior probability, situational constraints, reference groups

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