Cited by 1,783Social and Intergroup PsychologyPsychology of Social InfluencePsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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The attribution of attitudes

Jones, Edward E, Harris, Victor A·1967·Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

DOI 10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0

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The psychology of interpersonal relations
Heider, F. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089062 · Cited by 17,189
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Self-citation
Social Judgment: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change
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“A classic problem in inferring cause is the fundamental attribution error (Jones and Harris, 1967).”
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“In particular, due to the presence of fundamental attribution errors ( Jones and Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977), observers tend to ‘overestimate dispositional influences upon others’ behavior’ (Myers, 1993, p. 79).”
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“…on resistance, Piderit (2000) noted that these interpretations may be seen as another manifestation of the fundamental attribution error (FAE; Jones & Harris, 1967), i.e., the tendency to overemphasize personality-based explanations for observed behaviors while underestimating the role of…”
Background
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“Furthermore, some evidence (e.g., Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Gilbert, Pelham, & Krull, 1987; Jones & Harris, 1967) and theorizing (Gilbert, 1987) suggests that it may be impossible to completely wipe out the tendency for people to regard the behaviors of others as reflections of underlying traits.”
Background
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“For example, when Jones and Harris (1967) required speakers to voice pro-Castro remarks, observers assumed that some correspondence existed between the remarks and the speakers' private opinions, even though they were well aware that the speakers had no choice of what to say.”
Background
Lying and Deception
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“As such, a fundamental attribution error takes place—the emotional display is considered to re fl ect the deceptive nature of the defendant while other hypotheses and potential situational explanations for this display are discounted (Jones & Harris, 1967 ) .”
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“For example, the so-called fundamental attribution error refers to the pervasive tendency to explain behaviors in terms of the primary trait disposition that comes to mind while neglecting the influence of situational factors (Gilbert, 1989; Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977).”
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Let's give the fundamental attribution error another chance.
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“In a classic experiment by Jones and Harris (1967), students were enlisted to conduct an in-class debate on the topic of whether mid-1960s America ought to adopt a friendlier stance toward Fidel Castro.”
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“The tendency to give too much weight to actors’ characters when assessing causal responsibility for events is in fact shown by the behavioural sciences to be a predictable cognitive quirk – the fundamental attribution error (Jones and Harris, 1967).”
Background
Situation-Specific Effects in Person Memory
Trafimow, D. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167298243008 · Cited by 18
Integration theory applied to opinion attribution.
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Wheeless, L. R., & Wheeless, V. E. (1982) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463378209369429 · Cited by 18
Role of choice and outcome on feelings of success and estimates of ability.
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“The classic experimental demonstration of this comes from a study by Jones and Harris (1967) who had students read a debater's speech that either supported or attacked Fidel Castro, Cuba's leader.”
Background
Feminist Theory and Health Psychology: Tools for an Egalitarian, Woman-Centered Approach to Women's Health
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“16,17 The error consists inthe tendency to underestimate the role ofsituations (context) as determinants of a person's behavior and to overestimate the importance of internal (or, in this version, biological) factors.”
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Lee, H., Shah, S., & Agarwal, R. (2022) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3561 · Cited by 20
The clean conscience at work: emotions, intuitions and morality
Schnall, S., & Cannon, P. R. (2012) · Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion · doi:10.1080/14766086.2012.742749 · Cited by 18
“In general, a classic finding in social psychology is that when making sense of others’ behavior, people tend to overestimate the contribution of the person’s character (“he’s prone to anger”) relative to the contribution of the situation (“somebody insulted him”) (Jones and Harris 1967).”
Background
The effects of group identity, group choice, and strength of group identification on intergroup sensitivity.
Morier, D., Bryan, A. E. B., & Kasdin, L. (2013) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0030190 · Cited by 15
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Getting to know you: Accuracy and error in judgments of character
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“…error” (FAE), which leads us to leap to characterological or “dispositional” interpretations of observed behavior, even in cases where obvious contextual or “situational” factors would provide an equally good or better explanation (Gilbert et al., 1995; Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977).”
Background
Beyond the Emoticon: Are There Unintentional Cues of Emotion in Email?
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“Classic research on the fundamental attribution error indicates that people evaluating the behavior of others tend to overemphasize internal (rather than external) causes (Harvey et al., 1981; Jones & Harris, 1967; Krull et al., 1999).”
Background
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“Even in the assigned condition, American participants exhibit a tendency to infer that the target’s beliefs were consistent with those expressed in the essay; this is known as a correspondence bias (Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
There’s no team in I: How observers perceive individual creativity in a team setting.
Kay, M. B., Proudfoot, D., & Larrick, R. P. (2017) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000270 · Cited by 17
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Hastie, R. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118468333.ch21 · Cited by 17
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“For instance, in one classic study, people read essays that were either for or against Fidel Castro (Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
COVID-19-related conspiracy theories in China
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“Prior literature has found that an inclination to make internal, dispositional attributions (or “fundamental attribution error”; Jones & Harris, 1967) predicts the tendency to believe in conspiracy theories (Clarke, 2002) because conspiracy theories typically attribute the “cause” of events to…”
Background
The AI Commander
Johnson, J. S. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198892182.001.0001 · Cited by 17
Justification of War and Terrorism
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“In contrast to attribution theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior on a factual level (Heider, 1958; Kelley, 1973; Jones & Harris, 1967; Weiner, 1985), prescriptive attribution theory examines the reasons people give for their actions on the value level.”
Background
A “rape victim” by any other name
Hockett, J. M., McGraw, L. K., & Saucier, D. A. (2014) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.248.04hoc · Cited by 16
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“…trauma, research suggests that people have a tendency to overemphasize personal causes and underestimate external causes (Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones & Harris, 1967), particularly in the absence of a clear perpetrator (Green, Lightfoot, Bandy & Buchanan, 1985; see also Massad & Hulsey, 2006).”
Background
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Plaks, J. E., Shafer, J. L., & Shoda, Y. (2003) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.21.1.26.21191 · Cited by 16
The perception of situational consistency in behaviour: Assessing the actor-observer bias.
Lay, C. H., Ziegler, M., Hershfield, L., & Miller, D. T. (1974) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/h0081883 · Cited by 16
Attributing Attitudes to Members of Groups
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Homeric Attribution of Outcomes and Divine Causation
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How far can we get with eco driving tech?
Kutzner, F., Kacperski, C., Schramm, D., & Waenke, M. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101626 · Cited by 15
“While explaining driving style with dispositional attributes of the driver or stable specifics of the car is intuitively appealing (Jones & Harris, 1967), situational causes should not be neglected.”
Background
Does the Correspondence Bias Apply to Social Robots?: Dispositional and Situational Attributions of Human Versus Robot Behavior
Edwards, A., & Edwards, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2021.788242 · Cited by 15
“This design falls within the attributed attitude paradigm of research investigating the correspondence bias (Jones and Harris, 1967).”
Background
Implicit Delegation of Responsibility
vanDellen, M. R., & Baker, E. (2010) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550610389082 · Cited by 15
“Specifically, we expect that the fundamental attribution error—the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others’ behaviors are due to their dispositions—may explain why members of a couple exert more or less self-control than their partners (Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
On Unconscious and Conscious Thought and the Accuracy of Implicit and Explicit Judgments
Ham, J. R. C., & van den Bos, K. (2011) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2011.29.6.648 · Cited by 15
Invisible Mind: Flexible Social Cognition and Dehumanization
Harris, L. T. (2017) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 15
Online Social Regulation: When Everyday Diplomatic Skills for Harmonious Disagreement Break Down
Roos, C. A., Koudenburg, N., & Postmes, T. (2020) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmaa011 · Cited by 15
Organisation, technological change and skills use over time: A longitudinal study on linked employee surveys
Dhondt, S., Kraan, K. O., & Bal, M. (2021) · New Technology Work and Employment · doi:10.1111/ntwe.12227 · Cited by 17
What makes the difference? Practitioner views of success and failure in two effective psychiatric rehabilitation approaches
Salyers, M. P., McGuire, A. B., Bond, G. R., Hardin, T., Rollins, A. L., Harding, B. R., & Haines, M. (2008) · Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/jvr-2008-00409 · Cited by 15
“The most likely explanation for this ﬁnding is the fundamental attribution error [21], that practitioners are attributing the failure to dispositional aspects of the consumer, while taking credit for the successful outcomes that they might have played a role in (e.g., through supportive services,…”
The Dynamic Relationship Between Accuracy and Bias in Social Perception Research
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The Social Explanatory Styles Questionnaire: Assessing Moderators of Basic Social-Cognitive Phenomena Including Spontaneous Trait Inference, the Fundamental Attribution Error, and Moral Blame
Gill, M. J., & Andreychik, M. R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100886 · Cited by 15
“Most famously, Jones and Harris [24] found that perceivers select internal causes even when classic models suggest it is logically inappropriate to do so (i.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Leakage Beliefs and the Correspondence Bias
Lord, C. G., Scott, K. O., Pugh, M. A., & Desforges, D. M. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167297238004 · Cited by 15
The attribution of friendliness
Napolitan, D. A., & Goethals, G. R. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(79)90022-2 · Cited by 15
Recent developments in attribution research and their implications for consumer judgments and behavior
Silvera, D. H., & Laufer, D. A. (2005) · Cited by 15
Is there a disposition to avoid the fundamental attribution error?
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CONCEPTUALIZING INTELLIGENCE: FROM AN INTERNAL STATIC ATTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE PROCESS STRUCTURE OF ORGANISM‐ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS
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“In the initial demonstration of this phenomenon (Jones & Harris, 1967), participants read scenarios in which an author is assigned to argue a position (a situational constraint), but results revealed that participants still attributed corresponding beliefs to the author (a dispositional…”
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“These observations attest to the tendency of people to make character judgments based on limited information about morally significant events (Malle, 2021), one of the manifestations of the fundamental attribution error (Jones & Harris, 1967).”
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“This phenomenon is sometimes called the fundamental attribution error, or correspondence bias ( Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977).”
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Authors: Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Venue: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1967-01
Volume: 3
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-24
ISSN: 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0
OpenAlex: W2103278175
Cited by: 1,783
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 82
FWCI: 20.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: attitude attribution, prior probability, situational constraints, reference groups

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