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The attribution of attitudes

Jones, Edward E, Harris, Victor A·1967·Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

DOI 10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0

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“A frequently cited example is the case of attitude attribution (Jones & Harris, 1967), in which perceivers tend to infer a corresponding attitude from an endorsed position even when the author was not free to chose the position (e.g., when the author of an essay was assigned to defend a particular…”
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“Study 1 used the Jones and Harris (1967) attitude attribution paradigm to examine behavior predictions and attitude inferences from situationally constrained or unconstrained essays.”
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“Perhaps the most noteworthy illustration of how behavior may "engulf the total field" and overwhelm the influence of other relevant factors can be seen in the data of Jones and Harris (1967). Subjects who read an essay favorable to Fidel Castro attributed a pro-Castro attitude to the author of the essay, even when it…”
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“In the classic demonstration of this bias, observers attributed pro-Castro attitudes to a student who wrote a pro-Castro essay, even when they knew the student was assigned the essay topic ( Jones & Harris, 1967 ).”
Background
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“Specifically, individuals tend to attribute success to internal causes such as ability and effort, and failure to external causes such as environmental factors and luck (cf. Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
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Gilovich, T. D., & Griffin, D. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.002 · Cited by 312
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“A very strong situational factor was consistently ignored by research subjects who exhibited a high degree of confidence in their own ability to explain the behavior of the authors and speakers in dispositional terms (Jones and Harris 1967).”
Background
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Tamir, D., & Thornton, M. A. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.12.005 · Cited by 304
“Our initial focus on the trait layer reflects the tendency of people to over-rely on dispositional tendencies to predict and explain behavior while neglecting the influence of social situations on behavior – thus succumbing to the fundamental attribution error [46,47].”
Background
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Yzerbyt, V. Y., Corneille, O., & Goic, C. A. E. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0502_5 · Cited by 305
“In another study, we illustrated this impact of entitativity on the attribution process by relying on a group version of the classic overattribution bias first carried out by Jones and Harris (1967). In our group version of this paradigm (Rogier & Yzerbyt, 1999), participants watched a video portraying an experimenter…”
Method
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“To test this hypothesis, we used a variation of the Jones and Harris (1967) attitude attribution paradigm.”
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“Keywords: Social Cognitive neuroscience Social cognition Automaticity Control Dual process model”
BackgroundResult
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“and Nisbett (1998) and Kitayama and Masuda (2000) in the Jones and Harris (1967) attitude attribution paradigm.”
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“A number of classic studies have found that when asked to explain the behavior of others, people tend to largely attend to the person’s disposition as a means for explaining the behavior, even when there are compelling situational constraints available ( Jones & Harris 1967, Ross et al. 1977).”
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“In a prototypical demonstration of the fundamental attribution error, Jones and Harris (1967) presented participants with two essays, one favoring and one opposing Fidel Castro’s Cuban politics.”
Result
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“People have a pervasive tendency to attribute another individual's behavior to that individual's disposition, rather than to situational factors (Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones & Harris, 1967; Repenning & Sterman, 2002).”
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Hebl, M. R., King, E. B., Glick, P., Singletary, S. L., & Kazama, S. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1499 · Cited by 266
“Even a small amount of hostility may nevertheless have a significant effect, since counternormative behaviors are viewed as more diagnostic of another person’s true attitudes (e.g., Jones & Harris, 1967 ).”
Background
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SILLARS, A. L. (1980) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637758009376031 · Cited by 245
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“prochoice), listeners tended to attribute the views expressed to the reader, though they were told the speech had been randomly assigned to the reader (Jones and Harris 1967).”
Background
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Krull, D. S. (1993) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167293193011 · Cited by 237
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“The prevalence of this attributional phenomenon, referred to as the correspondence bias (Gilbert and Malone 1995) or fundamental attribution error (Jones and Harris 1967; Ross 1977), has been widely documented.”
Background
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Krauss, R. M., & Fussell, S. R. (1996) · Cited by 232
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“…motivations onto others (e.g., Miller and McFarland 1991; Prentice and Miller 1993), and research on the “correspondence bias” indicates that people tend to attribute private beliefs to others that are consistent with their observed public behavior (Jones and Harris 1967; Gilbert and Malone 1995).”
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“Jones and Harris (1967) found that participants negatively evaluated the speechwriters who wrote pro-Castro essays, although participants were informed that the writer was forced to do so. Participants saw the ulterior motive of the writer, became suspicious of the motive, and finally evaluated the writer negatively (…”
Background
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“Cognitive busyness was investigated in an experiment by Knowles, Morris, Hong, and Chiu (in press) using the standard paradigm of Jones and Harris (1967), in which participants hear a speaker advocate a controversial political position and then judge the speaker's true attitude.”
Method
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Acock, A. C., & Bengtson, V. L. (1980) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/351895 · Cited by 213
“by others, in models of interpersonal influence (Sherif et al., 1965; Jones and Harris, 1967; Kelley, 1973).”
Background
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Schwarz, N., & Vaughn, L. A. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.007 · Cited by 215
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Simmons, J. P., & Nelson, L. D. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.135.3.409 · Cited by 228
“This tendency is at the root of a variety of psychological phenomena, including biases in likelihood judgments (Kahneman & Frederick, 2002), the correspondence bias (Gilbert, 2002; Jones & Harris, 1967 ), the hindsight bias (Fischhoff, 1975), the spotlight effect (Gilovich, Medvec, & Savitsky, 2000), the illusion of t…”
Background
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Robinson, S. G., Orsingher, C., Alkire, L., Keyser, A. D., Giebelhausen, M. D., Papamichail, K. N., Shams, P., & Temerak, M. S. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.08.038 · Cited by 221
“However, one must also consider “fundamental attribution error” (Jones & Harris, 1967) whereby individuals attribute their own bad behavior to external forces (e.g., I am too busy) and other people's bad behavior to internal factors (e.g., they are a jerk).”
Background
Representations of the self in the near and distant future.
Wakslak, C. J., Nussbaum, S., Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012939 · Cited by 226
“Accordingly, participants are more likely to make the correspondence bias, underweighting the effect of low-level, situational constraints on observed behavior (Jones & Harris, 1967) when the behavior is used for predicting the distant future rather than the near future.”
Background
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Armor, D. A., & Taylor, S. E. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.021 · Cited by 211
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“…to the well-documented tendency, at least in Western cultures, to underestimate situational constraints when making attributions for the behavior of others (Jones & Harris, 1967): Speakers are typically perceived as having more choice in the positions they advocate than they themselves experience.”
Background
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Shim, K., & Yang, S.-U. (2016) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.11.009 · Cited by 207
“According to attribution theory, success and failure in achievement-related contexts are grounded in the following components: locus, stable effort, controllability, intentionality, and globality (Fein, 1996 and Jones and Harris, 1967).”
Background
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Ara Norenzayan, A., & Nisbett, R. E. (2000) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00077 · Cited by 203
“The classic example of the FAE was demonstrated in a study by Jones and Harris (1967) in which participants read a speech or essay that a target person had allegedly been required to produce by a debate coach or psychology experimenter.”
Background
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Yuki, M., & Schug, J. R. (2012) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/13489-007 · Cited by 199
“This phenomenon is known to in social psychology as “fundamental attribution error” (Jones & Harris, 1967).”
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Power, J. L., Brotheridge, C. M., Blenkinsopp, J., Bowes‐Sperry, L., Bozionelos, N., Buzády, Z., Chuang, A., Drnevich, D., Garzón‐Vico, A., Leighton, C., et al. (2011) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.08.018 · Cited by 201
“…belief in such societies is that anyone can succeed if they try hard enough, an attitude that, according to the fundamental attribution error (Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977), may direct supervisors to hold employees personally responsible for factors beyond their control (Miller, 1984).”
Background
Focus of attention and causal attributions of actors and observers
Arkin, R. M., & Duval, S. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(75)90046-3 · Cited by 198
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Rozin, P. N., & Nemeroff, C. J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.013 · Cited by 195
Motivated augmentation and reduction of the overattribution bias.
Webster, D. M. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.261 · Cited by 189
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Bar‐Hillel, M., & Neter, E. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1119 · Cited by 192
Self-knowledge and social inference: I. The impact of cognitive/affective and behavioral data.
Andersen, S. M., & Ross, L. D. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.2.280 · Cited by 186
Cultural psychology
Heine, S. J., & Ruby, M. B. (2010) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.7 · Cited by 185
Achieving 'Shared Reality' in the Communication Game: A Social Action That Create; Meaning
Higgins, E. T. (1992) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x92113001 · Cited by 193
A social relations variance partitioning of dyadic behavior.
Kenny, D. A., Mohr, C. D., & Levesque, M. J. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.128 · Cited by 183
The attribution of morality.
Reeder, G. D., & Spores, J. M. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.4.736 · Cited by 178
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Hamilton, V. L. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.767 · Cited by 176
Static Versus Dynamic Theories and the Perception of Groups: Different Routes to Different Destinations
Levy, S. R., Plaks, J. E., Hong, Y., Chiu, C., & Dweck, C. S. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0502_6 · Cited by 183
“The long and rich literatures on person perception and group perception have yielded a number of basic principles that illuminate how people interpret and integrate different types of information when judging a single actor (e.g., Gilbert, Pelham, & Krull, 1988; Jones & Harris, 1967; Kelley, 1967; Trope, 1986; for a r…”
Background
Knowledge as a Mental State
Nagel, J. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199672707.003.0010 · Cited by 174
Suspicion and Dispositional Inference
Hilton, J. L., Fein, S., & Miller, D. T. (1993) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167293195003 · Cited by 171
Perceptions of abusive supervision: The role of subordinates' attribution styles
Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., Sikora, D. M., & Douglas, S. C. (2011) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.05.013 · Cited by 170
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Predicting the near and distant future.
Nussbaum, S., Liberman, N., & Yaacov Trope, B. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.135.2.152 · Cited by 166
Individual Differences in Reasoning: Implications for the Rationality Debate?
Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.026 · Cited by 178
Inside the Planning Fallacy: The Causes and Consequences of Optimistic Time Predictions
Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & Ross, M. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.016 · Cited by 169
Resistance of personal risk perceptions to debiasing interventions.
Weinstein, N. D., & Klein, W. M. P. (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.14.2.132 · Cited by 614
Mindreading: Judgments About Intentionality and Motives in Dispositional Inference
Reeder, G. D. (2009) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400802615744 · Cited by 170
“2 Social perception researchers have devoted considerable attention to the variable of “choice” ( Jones & Harris, 1967 ).”
Background
Moving Opportunism to the Back Seat: Bounded Rationality, Costly Conflict, and Hierarchical Forms
Foss, N. J., & Weber, L. (2015) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2014.0105 · Cited by 171
“Examples includethefundamentalattribution error (Jones & Harris, 1967), self-serving bias (Heider, 1958), and confirmation bias (Wason, 1960).”
Background
Theory-based bias correction in dispositional inference: The fundamental attribution error is dead, long live the correspondence bias
Gawronski, B. (2004) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463280440000026 · Cited by 162
“The most common paradigm to investigate the correspondence bias is the attitude attribution paradigm developed by Jones and Harris (1967).”
Background
Reasoning about causal relationships: Inferences on causal networks.
Rottman, B. M., & Hastie, R. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0031903 · Cited by 162
Do Women Shy Away From Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much?
Niederle, M., & Vesterlund, L. (2005) · doi:10.3386/w11474 · Cited by 713
Learning to play golf under different goal conditions: their effects on irrelevant thoughts and on subsequent control strategies
Thill, E. E., & Cury, F. (2000) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(200001/02)30:1 · Cited by 26
The effects of social category norms and stereotypes on explanations for intergroup differences.
Hegarty, P. V., & Pratto, F. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.5.723 · Cited by 167
Do others judge us as harshly as we think? Overestimating the impact of our failures, shortcomings, and mishaps.
Savitsky, K., Nicholas Epley, A., & Gilovich, T. D. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.1.44 · Cited by 158
Target Article: "The Really Fundamental Attribution Error in Social Psychological Research"
Sabini, J. P., Siepmann, M., & Stein, J. (2001) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1201_01 · Cited by 165
“And, we suggest, the FAE studies in the Jones and Harris (1967) tradition are also connected to this sense of external control.”
Influential
The Illusion of Choice in Democratic Politics: The Unconscious Impact of Motivated Political Reasoning
Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. G. (2016) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12321 · Cited by 174
A realist informed mixed-methods evaluation of Schwartz Center Rounds® in England
Maben, J., Taylor, C., Dawson, J., Leamy, M. C., McCarthy, I., Reynolds, E., Ross, S., Shuldham, C. M., Bennett, L., & Foot, C. (2018) · Health Services and Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/hsdr06370 · Cited by 165

Authors: Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Venue: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1967-01
Volume: 3
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-24
ISSN: 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0
OpenAlex: W2103278175
Cited by: 1,783
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 82
FWCI: 20.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: attitude attribution, prior probability, situational constraints, reference groups

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