Cited by 1,783Social and Intergroup PsychologyPsychology of Social InfluencePsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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The attribution of attitudes

Jones, Edward E, Harris, Victor A·1967·Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

DOI 10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0

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The psychology of interpersonal relations
Heider, F. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089062 · Cited by 17,189
The psychology of interpersonal relations.
Heider, F. (1958) · doi:10.1037/10628-000 · Cited by 13,457
From acts to dispositions the attribution process in person perception
Jones, E. E., & Davis, K. E. (1965) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60107-0 · Cited by 3,424
Self-citation
Social Judgment: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change
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Heider, F. (1944) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0055425 · Cited by 1,346
An experimental analysis of self-persuasion
Bem, D. J. (1965) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(65)90026-0 · Cited by 632
Role playing variations and their informational value for person perception.
Jones, E. E., Davis, K. E., & Gergen, K. J. (1961) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0048514 · Cited by 265
Self-citation
Some Determinants and Consequences of the Perception of Social Causality1
THIBAUT, J. W., & RIECKEN, H. W. (1955) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1955.tb01178.x · Cited by 219
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Role assignment and interpersonal influence.
Steiner, I. D., & Field, W. L. (1960) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0040441 · Cited by 23

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“Attribution theory highlights how references have to be constructed so that utterances or other social acts can be attributed within the processing of social acts (see Jones and Harris 1967; Jones et al. 1971).”
Background
Learning About What Others Were Doing: Verb Aspect and Attributions of Mundane and Criminal Intent for Past Actions
Hart, W., & Albarracín, D. (2010) · Psychology Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610395393 · Cited by 29
“Perceiving an action as corresponding to personal goals and intentions apparently happens by default, even when the action occurs in the presence of social pressures that seemingly invite external attribution (i.e., the correspondence bias; Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
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“…trait-relevant information (Ambady & Rosenthal, 1992; Carlston & Skowronski, 1994; Winter & Uleman, 1984), sometimes failing to recognize that certain behaviors may reflect situation-specific causes rather than stable dispositional traits (Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977).”
Background
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Hoekstra, A., Twisk, D. A. M., & Hagenzieker, M. (2018) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2018.09.006 · Cited by 28
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“…(i.e., an individual’s personality characteristics) and undervalue situational explanations (i.e., the context in which the behavior occurs) is known as the Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE; Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones & Harris, 1967; Miller, 1976; Ross, 1977; Snyder & Jones, 1974).”
Perspective-Taking from a Social Neuroscience Standpoint
Mason, M. F., & Macrae, C. N. (2008) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430207088039 · Cited by 27
“Of considerable interest to researchers who study social perception is how these biases taint the process by which people explain the behavior of self and others (Heider, 1958; Jones & Davis, 1965; Jones & Harris, 1967; H.H. Kelley, 1967; Ross, 1977).”
Background
Spontaneous Mentalizing Predicts the Fundamental Attribution Error
Moran, J. M., Jolly, E., & Mitchell, J. P. (2014) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00513 · Cited by 23
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“In research on causal attribution, for example, it has been found that in many circumstances, people tend to attribute an observed behavior to corresponding dispositions of the actor (e.g., Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
Managerial Insights into the Effects of Interactions on Replacing Members of a Team
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“Fundamental attribution error says that people are more likely to over-emphasize dispositional factors over situational factors when judging the cause of others’ behaviour (Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
When do past events require explanation? Insights from social psychology
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“In one classic study, participants read essays for or against Fidel Castro and were asked to guess the alleged author’s true opinion (Jones and Harris, 1967).”
Background
Preliminaries to a Theory of Communication: A System for the Cognitive Representation of Person and Object Based Information
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“In the psychological literature, attribution theories have proven useful for understanding how people make decisions about causes of a given situation or outcome (Heider, 1958; Jones & Harris, 1967; Jones & Nisbett, 1971; Kelley, 1967; Ross, 1977).”
Background
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“Perhaps the best-known example is the fundamental attribution error, the failure to account for situational and contextual influences when determining the cause of an individual’s behavior (Jones & Harris, 1967; see also Gawronski, 2004).”
Background
Wisdom and Emotion
Kunzmann, U., & Glück, J. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108568272.027 · Cited by 41
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Intuitions about situational correction in self and others.
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“Participants were asked to read a description of a “typical” attribution study (patterned after Jones & Harris, 1967) in which students at their university had been asked to write and deliver a speech on one of three controversial topics: abortion, euthanasia, or the death penalty.”
BackgroundMethodResult
Age Differences in the Correspondence Bias: When a Plausible Explanation Matters
Blanchard–Fields, F., & Horhota, M. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/60.5.p259 · Cited by 26
“In a classic experiment, Jones and Harris (1967) tested this idea by using the attitude-attribution paradigm.”
Method
The generalization of outcome-biased counter-stereotypic inferences
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Social attribution, correspondence bias, and the emergence of stereotypes *This research has been completed in partial requirement of a doctoral dissertation of the first author under the supervision of the second author. We wish to thank the members of the social psychology division at the University of Louvain at Louvain-la-Neuve, especially Steve Rocher and Emanuele Castano for their insightful comments on preliminary drafts. This paper has been enriched by feedbacks received from Russell Spears, Roos Vonk, Margit Oswald, and anonymous reviewers. Many thanks to Philippe Kemp and Christophe Remy for their assistance in running the study, and to the students who volunteered to appear on the video. This research has been presented at the Social Cognition workshop of the Kurt Lewin Institute, workshop held at the Free University of Amsterdam in April 1998: we want to thank participants of this workshop and especially Gün Semin for their useful feedback. Completion of this study benefited from a research grant from the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research to the first author.
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“When a human is determined to be the locus of causation, there is a tendency to attribute the initiation of a causal sequence to desire, intention, or more global characteristics like personality or character (Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977).”
Background
Exposing Pay
Bamberger, P. A. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197628164.001.0001 · Cited by 29
The role of functional form in causal-based categorization.
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“Indeed, this tendency appears to be so deep-rooted and so widespread that psychologists have termed it the fundamental attribution error (35).”
Background
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“This is manifest in a classic experiment (Jones & Harris, 1967): participants read an essay which was either favourable or unfavourable to Fidel Castro and were then asked to estimate the author’s attitude towards the Cuban leader.”
Background
Opinion Piece: How People Structure Representations of Discourse
Garnham, A. (2021) · Dialogue & Discourse · doi:10.5210/dad.2021.101 · Cited by 24
“…ideas in attribution theory is that we tend, at least in the case of other people, to overemphasize the role of personal characteristics, as opposed to external factors, in explaining behavior (Jones & Harris, 1967), a tendency that was dubbed the fundamental attribution error by Lee Ross (1977).”
Functions of collective victimhood
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“This is corroborated by research on the fundamental attribution error, which involves overestimating dispositional influences on someone’s behavior (Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Result
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“…extent that this ﬁnding runs counter to our intuition, it bears an interesting relation to the fundamental attribution error — the tendency to attribute differences in people’s performance to differences in their individual attributes, rather than to differences in the situations they face [13].”
Background
Affective conflict and identification of knowledge sources in MNE teams
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The dispositional inference strikes back: Situational focus and dispositional suppression in causal attribution.
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Maier, E. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.23 · Cited by 23
Bullshitting
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“Ellsworth, & Edwards, 1993), it may increase the likelihood that negotiators fall prey to the fundamental attribution error, that is, the tendency to over-attribute other people’s behavior to dispositions (Jones & Davis, 1965; Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977) and their own behavior to the circumstances (i.e., the act…”
Background
When one model casts doubt on another: A levels-of-analysis approach to causal discounting.
Khemlani, S., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0021809 · Cited by 21
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“Usually, such role-playing exercises have no effect (Bierbrauer, 1979; Jones & Harris, 1967; for one exception see Choi & Nisbett, 1998).”
Background
From Intrapsychic Moral Awareness to the Role of Social Disruptions, Labeling, and Actions in the Emergence of Moral Issues
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“Furthermore, managers are subject to biases in their decisions about the possible causes of sub-par performance, such as the fundamental attribution error ( Jones and Harris, 1967 ).”
Background
Beyond the actor's traits: Forming impressions of actors, targets, and relationships from social behaviors.
Frey, K. P., & Smith, E. R. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.65.3.486 · Cited by 23
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“This was because knowledge of mutual arguments permitted group members to infer mutual positions [ 23 ].”
Background
Judgments as data for personality and developmental psychology: Error versus accuracy.
Funder, D. C. (1993) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10127-022 · Cited by 23
Priming of mediators in causal attribution.
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“…extent that this ﬁnding runs counter to our intuition, it bears an interesting relation to the fundamental attribution error — the tendency to attribute differences in people’s performance to differences in their individual attributes, rather than to differences in the situations they face [13].”
Background
Who Is Responsible, the Incumbent or the Former President? Motivated Reasoning in Responsibility Attributions
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Cramer, R. E., Weiss, R. F., William, R. S., Reid, S. L., Nieri, L. J., & Manning-Ryan, B. (2002) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/02724990143000289 · Cited by 19
“…event–outcome relationships include the possibility of human agency, the causal attribution process is all too frequently constrained by the correspondence bias (e.g., Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones, 1979; Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977; Ross, Amabile, & Steinmetz, 1977).”
Background
People as resources: Exploring the functionality of warm and cold
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“A long history of research in psychology has demonstrated that situational forces, including role demands, can influence inferences both about a target’s behaviors (Trope, 1986) and about a target’s dispositions ( Jones & Harris, 1967 ).”
Background
From Beliefs to Attitudes: Polias, a Model of Attitude Dynamics Based on Cognitive Modeling and Field Data
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“Individuals tend to make responsible for an action other people, groups or institutions than the direct actor (Kelley ; Jones & Harris ).”
Background
Understanding Variations in Judgments of Infidelity: An Application of Attribution Theory
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“…falling prey to attributional biases, including the fundamental attribution error (which is the tendency to attribute one’s own the negative behavior of others to internal/dispositional traits: Jones & Harris, 1967; see Bauerle et al., 2002; Hsieh & Schallert, 2008; Major, Kaiser, & McCoy, 2003).”
Background
On Difficult Questions and Evident Answers: Dispositional Inference from Role-Constrained Behavior
Gawronski, B. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203256375 · Cited by 22
“First, whereas the tendency to commit the fundamental attribution error in the attitude attribution paradigm (Jones & Harris, 1967) is conceptualized as perceivers’ tendency to draw correspondent dispositional inferences from situationally constrained behavior for a single target, the fundamental…”
Background
Everybody is doing it: the effects of base rate information on correspondent inferences from violations of perfect and imperfect duties
Trafimow, D., Reeder, G. D., & Bilsing, L. M. (2001) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/s0362-3319(01)00132-x · Cited by 21
“1970a; Kelley. & Stahelski, 1970b) and the contributions of others (e.g., Jones & Harris, 1967 ), that consensus information applies to morality attributions just as it applies to other kinds of attributions.”
Background
How fatiguing is dispositional suppression? Disentangling the effects of procedural rebound and ego‐depletion
Geeraert, N., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2006) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.349 · Cited by 21
“In Study 1a, the participants had to judge a free or forced target in a typical attitude attribution paradigm (cf. Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
Underestimating our influence over others at work
Bohns, V. K., & Flynn, F. J. (2013) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2013.10.002 · Cited by 21
“Research on the fundamental attribution error (Jones & Harris, 1967), or the correspondence bias [see Gilbert & Malone (1995) for a comprehensive review], suggests that we do not recognize the extraordinary power of social influence when we attempt to explain the behavior of another person.”
Background
Predictors of Support for Juvenile Sex Offender Registration: Educated Individuals Recognize the Flaws of Juvenile Registration
Stevenson, M. C., Smith, A. C., Sekely, A., & Farnum, K. S. (2013) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2013.735354 · Cited by 21
“The fundamental attribution error, a well-established social psychological phenomenon, is the tendency to make internal attributions for others’ behavior instead of external attributions, or, in other words, to blame the individual instead of the situation (e.g., Jones & Harris, 1967).”
Background
Transfer of Social Learning Across Contexts: Exploring Infants' Attribution of Trait‐Like Emotions to Adults
Repacholi, B. M., Meltzoff, A. N., Hennings, T. M., & Ruba, A. L. (2016) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/infa.12136 · Cited by 25
The Design and Development of Serious Games Using Iterative Evaluation
Symborski, C., Barton, M., Quinn, M. M., Korris, J. H., Kassam, K., & Morewedge, C. K. (2016) · Games and Culture · doi:10.1177/1555412016673262 · Cited by 21
“…(Nickerson, 1998); the fundamental attribution error, the tendency to make dispositional rather than situational attributions for a person’s behavior (Gilbert, 1998; Jones & Harris, 1967); and bias blind spot, the tendency to recognize bias in others but not in ourselves (Scopelliti et al., 2015).”
Background
Battling bias: Effects of training and training context
Poos, J. M., den Bosch, K. V., & Janssen, C. P. (2017) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2017.04.004 · Cited by 21
“The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency of people to attribute the behavior of a person to dispositional in ﬂ uences (e.g., character traits, habits) rather than situational in ﬂ uences (Gilbert,1998; Jones & Harris,1967).”
On the updating of spontaneous impressions.
Ökten, I. O., Schneid, E. D., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000156 · Cited by 21
The redundancy in cumulative information and how it biases impressions.
Alves, H., & Mata, A. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000169 · Cited by 21
Resistance of Personal Risk Perceptions to Debiasing Interventions
Weinstein, N. D., & Klein, W. M. P. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.019 · Cited by 24
Not so motivated after all? Three replication attempts and a theoretical challenge to a morally motivated belief in free will.
Monroe, A. E., & Ysidron, D. W. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000788 · Cited by 21
Self-disclosure and liking: Effects for senders and receivers
McAllister, H. A. (1980) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1980.tb02376.x · Cited by 21
Do situational expectations produce situational inferences? The role of future expectations in directing inferential goals.
Lee, F., & Hallahan, M. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.80.4.545 · Cited by 21
Actor and observer perceptions of the learning of a task
Miller, A. G. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(75)80014-x · Cited by 21
Lying, Sincerity, and Quality
Stokke, A. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736578.013.10 · Cited by 20

Authors: Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Venue: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1967-01
Volume: 3
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-24
ISSN: 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0
OpenAlex: W2103278175
Cited by: 1,783
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 82
FWCI: 20.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: attitude attribution, prior probability, situational constraints, reference groups

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