Cytokines and their receptors in the central nervous system: Physiology, pharmacology, and pathology
Abstract
Numerous cytokines and their receptors have been identified in the brain, where they act as mediators of host defence responses and have direct effects on neuronal and glial function. Experimental tools for studying cytokine actions, their source and control of synthesis in the brain, actions and mechanisms of action will be reviewed here. In particular, the cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha have been implicated in the central control of responses to systemic disease and injury and activation of fever, neuroendocrine, immune, and behavioural responses. The recent discovery of specific inhibitors of cytokine synthesis, release, or action may offer significant therapeutic benefit.
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IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α receptors are densely distributed in the hippocampus and hypothalamus.
“For example, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α receptors are densely distributed in the hippocampus and hypothalamus[17].”
From Neuroinflammation and cytokine abnormality in major depression: cause or consequence in that illness? (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
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Strijbos, P. J. L. M., Hardwick, A. J., Relton, J. K., Carey, F., & Rothwell, N. J. (1992) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.4.e632 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
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Self-citationRecombinant interleukin-1β stimulates eicosanoid production in rat primary culture astrocytes
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Corticotropin releasing factor antagonist reduces ischemic hippocampal neuronal injury
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Cytokine receptors on glial cells
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Antiserum against tumor necrosis factor enhances lipopolysaccharide fever in rats
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Lipocortin 1 fragment modifies pyrogenic actions of cytokines in rats
Carey, F., Forder, R. A., Edge, M. D., Greene, A. R., Horan, M. A., Strijbos, P. J. L. M., & Rothwell, N. J. (1990) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.2.r266 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationAlzheimer's disease: pathology to potential treatments?
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Self-citationNeurotrophic Factor Deprivation‐induced Death
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Eicosanoids, thermogenesis and thermoregulation
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Self-citationMechanisms of the pyrogenic actions of cytokines.
Rothwell, N. J. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationLipocortin-1 inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal damage in the striatum of the rat
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Neuroendocrine Effects of Cytokines in the Rat
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Importance of brain IL-1 type II receptors in fever and thermogenesis in the rat
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Interleukin-2 regulates monoamine and opioid peptide release from the hypothalamus
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Prostaglandin E2 and fever: a continuing debate.
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Central Activation of Thermogenesis by Prostaglandins: Dependence on CRF
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Stabilisation of functional tumor necrosis factor-alpha by its soluble TNF receptors.
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Antibodies in Passive Immunization Studies: Characteristics and Consequences
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Central Actions of Interleukin-8 in the Rat are Independent of Prostaglandins
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Transgenic mice in the study of cytokine function.
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Contrasting Effects of Specific Lymphokines on the Survival of Hippocampal Neurons in Culture
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The effects of glucocorticoids on lymphocyte numbers
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Does interleukin-1 mediate tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced fever in rabbits?
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IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibits the endotoxin-induced rise in plasma IL-6 in the rat.
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Delirium as a Predictor of Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
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- Authors
- Rothwell, N. J., Luheshi, G., & Toulmond, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rothwell, Nancy J.
- ORCID
- Rothwell, Nancy J.
- Venue
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 85-95
- ISSN
- 0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1966639644
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- cytokines, cytokine receptors, central nervous system, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, TNF-α, neuroinflammation, host defense, fever, neuroendocrine response, immune response, behavioral responses, glial function, neuronal function
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Chemistry, Cytokines, Receptors, Interleukin
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