Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin 1.
Open accessAbstract
Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF alpha) injected intravenously into rabbits produces a rapid-onset, monophasic fever indistinguishable from the fever produced by rIL-1. On a weight basis (1 microgram/kg) rTNF alpha and rIL-1 produce the same amount of fever and induce comparable levels of PGE2 in rabbit hypothalamic cells in vitro; like IL-1, TNF fever is blocked by drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase. At higher doses (10 micrograms/kg) rTNF alpha produces biphasic fevers. The first fever reaches peak elevation 45-55 min after bolus injection and likely represents a direct action on the thermoregulatory center. During the second fever peak (3 h later), a circulating endogenous pyrogen can be shown present using passive transfer of plasma into fresh rabbits. This likely represents the in vivo induction of IL-1. In vitro, rTNF alpha induces the release of IL-1 activity from human mononuclear cells with maximal production observed at 50-100 ng/ml of rTNF alpha. In addition, rTNF alpha and rIFN-gamma have a synergistic effect on IL-1 production. The biological activity of rTNF alpha could be distinguished from IL-1 in three ways: the monophasic pyrogenic activity of rIL-1 was destroyed at 70 degrees C, whereas rTNF alpha remained active; anti-IL-1 neutralized IL-1 but did recognize rTNF alpha or natural cachectin nor neutralize its cytotoxic effect; and unlike IL-1, rTNF alpha was not active in the mitogen-stimulated T cell proliferation assay. The possibility that endotoxin was responsible for rTNF alpha fever and/or the induction of IL-1 was ruled-out in several studies: rTNF alpha produced fever in the endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice; the IL-1-inducing property of rTNF alpha was destroyed either by heat (70 degrees C) or trypsinization, and was unaffected by polymyxin B; pyrogenic tolerance to daily injections of rTNF alpha did not occur; levels of endotoxin, as determined in the Limulus amebocyte lysate, were below the minimum rabbit pyrogen dose; and these levels of endotoxin were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for the presence of beta-hydroxymyristic acid. Although rTNF alpha is not active in T cell proliferation assays, it may mimic IL-1 in a T cell assay, since high concentrations of rTNF alpha induced IL-1 from epithelial or macrophagic cells in the thymocyte preparations. These studies show that TNF (cachectin) is another endogenous pyrogen which, like IL-1 and IFN-alpha, directly stimulate hypothalamic PGE2 synthesis. In addition, rTNF alpha is an endogenous inducer of IL-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
TNF has the capacity to cause fever and localized inflammation.
“Other pathophysiological activities ascribed to TNF were the capacity to cause fever and localized inflammation (4, 6).”
From Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (2007) · cites this paper as [6]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors
Carswell, E. A., Old, L. J., Kassel, R. L., Green, S., Fiore, N., & Williamson, B. (1975) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.72.9.3666 · Cited by 4,532 · see citing works
Beutler, B., Milsark, I. W., & Cerami, A. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3895437 · Cited by 2,369 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin
Pennica, D., Nedwin, G. E., Hayflick, J. S., Seeburg, P. H., Derynck, R., Palladino, M. A., Kohr, W. J., Aggarwal, B. B., & Goeddel, D. V. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/312724a0 · Cited by 1,732 · see citing works
Self-citationDinarello, C. A. (1984) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/6.1.51 · Cited by 1,647 · see citing works
Self-citationDayer, J., Beutler, B., & Cerami, A. (1985) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.162.6.2163 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentity of tumour necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachectin
Beutler, B., Greenwald, D., Hulmes, J. D., Chang, M., Pan, Y.-C. E., Mathison, J. C., Ulevitch, R. J., & Cerami, A. (1985) · Nature · doi:10.1038/316552a0 · Cited by 1,132 · see citing works
Self-citationNucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor cDNA.
Auron, P. E., Webb, A. C., Rosenwasser, L. J., Mucci, S. F., Rich, A., Wolff, S. M., & Dinarello, C. A. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.24.7907 · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Self-citationShalaby, M. R., Aggarwal, B. B., Rinderknecht, E., Svedersky, L. P., Finkle, B. S., & Palladino, M. A. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.135.3.2069 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Self-citationBeutler, B., Mahoney, J., Trang, N. L., Pekala, P. H., & Cerami, A. (1985) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.161.5.984 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Self-citationCloning and expression of murine interleukin-1 cDNA in Escherichia coli
Lomedico, P. T., Gubler, U., Hellmann, C. P., Dukovich, M., Giri, J. G., Pan, Y. E., Collier, K. J., Semionow, R., Chua, A. O., & Mizel, S. B. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/312458a0 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor: production, distribution, and metabolic fate in vivo.
Beutler, B., Milsark, I. W., & Cerami, A. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.3972 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Self-citationExpression of human immune interferon cDNA in E. coli and monkey cells
Gray, P. W., Leung, D. W., Pennica, D., Yelverton, E., Najarian, R. C., Simonsen, C. C., Derynck, R., Sherwood, P. J., Wallace, D. M., Berger, S. L., et al. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/295503a0 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
Nedwin, G. E., Svedersky, L. P., Bringman, T. S., Palladino, M. A., & Goeddel, D. V. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.135.4.2492 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Self-citationAtkins, E. (1960) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1960.40.3.580 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
An update on human interleukin-1: From molecular biology to clinical relevance
Dinarello, C. A. (1985) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/bf00918247 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman interleukin 1 is a cytocidal factor for several tumor cell lines.
Onozaki, K., Matsushima, K., Aggarwal, B. B., et al. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.3962 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Arend, W. P., Joslin, F. G., & Massoni, R. J. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.134.6.3868 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Human leukocytic pyrogen: purification and development of a radioimmunoassay.
Dinarello, C. A., Renfer, L., & Wolff, S. M. (1977) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.74.10.4624 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationMoore, R. N., Oppenheim, J. J., Farrar, J., et al. (1980) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.125.3.1302 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Murphy, P. A., Simon, P. L., & Willoughby, W. F. (1980) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.124.5.2498 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Recombinant interleukin 1 suppresses lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 cells.
Beutler, B., & Cerami, A. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.3969 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationDEMONSTRATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO DISTINCT HUMAN LEUKOCYTIC PYROGENS
Dinarello, C. A., Goldin, N. P., & Wolff, S. M. (1974) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.139.6.1369 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms of fever induced by recombinant human interferon.
Dinarello, C. A., Bernheim, H. A., Duff, G. W., Le, H. V., Nagabhushan, T. L., Hamilton, N., & Coceani, F. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111508 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationRosenwasser, L. J., & Dinarello, C. A. (1981) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(81)90034-4 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationRecombinant human interleukin 1 alpha: purification and biological characterization.
Gubler, U., Chua, A. O., STERN, A. S., Hellmann, C. P., Vitek, M. P., DeChiara, T. M., Benjamin, W. R., Collier, K. J., Dukovich, M., Familletti, P. C., et al. (1986) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.136.7.2492 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Human leukocytic pyrogen induces release of specific granule contents from human neutrophils.
Klempner, M. S., Dinarello, C. A., & Gallin, J. I. (1978) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109050 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationNatural and recombinant human interleukin 1-beta is cytotoxic for human melanoma cells.
Lachman, L. B., Dinarello, C. A., Llansa, N., & Fidler, I. J. (1986) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.136.8.3098 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationDinarello, C. A., Marnoy, S. O., & Rosenwasser, L. J. (1983) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.130.2.890 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationRosenwasser, L. J., Dinarello, C. A., & Rosenthal, A. S. (1979) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.150.3.709 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationAbility of Human Leukocytic Pyrogen to Stimulate Brain Prostaglandin Synthesis In Vitro
Dinarello, C. A., & Bernheim, H. A. (1982) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb12544.x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular origin of interferon induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Maehara, N., & Ho, M. K. (1977) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.15.1.78-83.1977 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER WITH INFLUENZAL VIRUSES
Atkins, E., & Huang, W. C. (1958) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.107.3.383 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Damais, C., Riveau, G., Parant, M., et al. (1982) · International Journal of Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0192-0561(82)90020-0 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 in cerebrospinal fluid of afebrile and febrile cat
Coceani, F., Bishai, I., Dinarello, C. A., & Fitzpatrick, F. A. (1983) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1983.244.6.r785 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationDinarello, C. A., O’Connor, J., LoPreste, G., et al. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.20.3.323-329.1984 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationMatsushima, K., Durum, S. K., Kimball, E. S., & Oppenheim, J. J. (1985) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(85)90010-3 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF FEVER ACCOMPANYING DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
Atkins, E., Feldman, J. D., Francis, L., et al. (1972) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.135.5.1113 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Dinarello, C. A., Bernheim, H. A., Cannon, J. G., LoPreste, G., Warner, S. J. C., Webb, A. C., & Auron, P. E. (1985) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/xxiv.suppl_1.59 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationClark, W. G., & MOYER, S. G. (1972) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)29190-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hanson, D. F., & Murphy, P. A. (1984) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.45.2.483-490.1984 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER WITH INFLUENZAL VIRUSES
Atkins, E., & Huang, W. C. (1958) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.107.3.403 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Odham, G., Tunlid, A., Westerdahl, G., et al. (1985) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/0167-7012(85)90015-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Human and murine interleukin 1 possess sequence and structural similarities.
Auron, P. E., Rosenwasser, L. J., Matsushima, K., et al. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Infection, inflammation, and interleukin 1 (IL-1).
Rf, K. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Demonstration of a human pyrogen-inducing factor during mixed leukocyte reactions.
Dinarello, C. A. (1981) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.153.5.1215 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationInterferon Fever: Absence of Human Leukocytic Pyrogen Response to Recombinant α-Interferon
Ackerman, S. K., Hochstein, H. D., Zoon, K. C., et al. (1984) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.36.1.17 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Release of endogenous pyrogen-activating factor from concanavalin A-stimulated human lymphocytes.
Bernheim, H. A., Block, L. H., Francis, L., et al. (1980) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.152.6.1811 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationPossible causes of fever after interferon administration.
Bocci, V. A. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
In Vitro Antiviral Properties of Endotoxin-Activated Rat Kupffer Cells
Keller, F., Wild, M.-T., & Kirn, A. (1985) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.38.2.293 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Resin-coated 5-Aminosalicylic Acid (Asacol) in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Situnayake, R. D., & McConkey, B. (1985) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/24.2.226 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bernheim, H. A., & Dinarello, C. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMultiple Interleukin-1 Activities in Luteal Phase Human Plasma
Cannon, J. G., & Dinarello, C. A. (1985) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/xxiv.suppl_1.226 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationLack of effect of salicylate on pyrogen release from human blood leucocytes in vitro.
Bodel, H., Reynolds, C., & Atkins, E. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Secretory products of macrophages.
Nathan, C. F. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112815 · Cited by 2,615 · see citing works
Shock and Tissue Injury Induced by Recombinant Human Cachectin
Tracey, K. J., Beutler, B., Lowry, S. F., Merryweather, J., Wolpe, S., Milsark, I. W., Hariri, R. J., Fahey, T. J., Zentella, A., Albert, J. D., et al. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3764421 · Cited by 2,549 · see citing works
Self-citationDetection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration
Michie, H. R., Manogue, K. R., Spriggs, D. R., Revhaug, A., O'Dwyer, S., Dinarello, C. A., Cerami, A., Wolff, S. M., & Wilmore, D. W. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806093182301 · Cited by 1,677 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway
Tracey, K. J. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci30555 · Cited by 1,563 · see citing works
Immunoregulatory Feedback Between Interleukin-1 and Glucocorticoid Hormones
Besedovsky, H., del Rey, A., Sorkin, E., & Dinarello, C. A. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3014662 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
Self-citationTracey, K. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2566 · Cited by 1,154 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory Agents: Present and Future
Dinarello, C. A. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.043 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
Self-citationCachectin/TNF and IL-1 Induced by Glucose-Modified Proteins: Role in Normal Tissue Remodeling
Vlassara, H., Brownlee, M., Manogue, K. R., Dinarello, C. A., & Pasagian, A. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3259727 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Self-citationHow Cytokine Networks Fuel Inflammation: Toward a cytokine-based disease taxonomy
Schett, G., Elewaut, D., McInnes, I. B., Dayer, J.-M., & Neurath, M. F. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3260 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Prevents LPS-Induced TNF-α Expression by Preventing NF-κB Activation
Zhao, Y., Joshi-Barve, S., Barve, S., & Chen, L. H. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719345 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Opp, M. R. (2005) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.01.002 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
The effects of psychological stress on plasma interleukin-6 activity in rats
LeMay, L. G., Vander, A. J., & Kluger, M. J. (1990) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(90)90024-x · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Ramadori, G., Van Damme, J., Rieder, H., & Zum Büschenfelde, K. M. (1988) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.1830180817 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Regulation of cytokine release from mononuclear cells by the iron- binding protein lactoferrin
Crouch, S., Slater, K., & Fletcher, J. (1992) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v80.1.235.235 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
MORI, R., KONDO, T., OHSHIMA, T., ISHIDA, Y., & MUKAIDA, N. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0776com · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Cope, A. P., Londei, M., Chu, N. R., Cohen, S. B., Elliott, M. J., Brennan, F. M., Maini, R. N., & Feldmann, M. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117394 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Cytokines and their receptors in the central nervous system: Physiology, pharmacology, and pathology
Rothwell, N. J., Luheshi, G., & Toulmond, S. (1996) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(95)02033-0 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
NALP Inflammasomes: a central role in innate immunity
Martinon, F., Gaide, O., Pétrilli, V., Mayor, A., & Tschopp, J. (2007) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-007-0079-y · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Enhancement of experimental metastasis by tumor necrosis factor.
Orosz, P., Echtenacher, B., Falk, W., Rüschoff, J., Weber, D., & Männel, D. N. (1993) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.177.5.1391 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Therapeutic strategies to reduce IL-1 activity in treating local and systemic inflammation
DINARELLO, C. (2004) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2004.03.010 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationProteolytic inactivation of cytokines by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Parmely, M., Gale, A., Clabaugh, M., Horvat, R., & Zhou, W. W. (1990) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.58.9.3009-3014.1990 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Mice Lacking the TNF 55 kDa Receptor Fail to Sleep More After TNFα Treatment
Fang, J., Wang, Y., & Krueger, J. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-15-05949.1997 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Fantuzzi, G., & Dinarello, C. A. (1996) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.59.4.489 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationTumor Necrosis Factor and Wound Healing
MOONEY, D. P., OʼREILLY, M., & GAMELLI, R. L. (1990) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199002000-00002 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Effects of Sleep on the Production of Cytokines in Humans
Uthgenannt, D., Schoolmann, D., Pietrowsky, R., Fehm, H.-L., & Born, J. (1995) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199503000-00001 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Deletion of Nlrp3 protects from inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy
Huang, N., Kny, M., Riediger, F., Busch, K., Schmidt, S., Luft, F. C., Slevogt, H., & Fielitz, J. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine Experimental · doi:10.1186/s40635-016-0115-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The immunological consequences of injury
Ni Choileain, N., & Redmond, H. P. (2006) · The Surgeon · doi:10.1016/s1479-666x(06)80018-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Vecchiarelli, A., Puliti, M., Torosantucci, A., Cassone, A., & Bistoni, F. (1991) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90331-5 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Gionchetti, P., Campieri, M., Belluzzi, A., Bertinelli, E., Ferretti, M., Brignola, C., Poggioli, G., Miglioli, M., & Barbara, L. (1994) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02088059 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Tumor Necrosis Factor Family: Family Conventions and Private Idiosyncrasies
Wallach, D. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a028431 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Brodbeck, W. G., Shive, M. S., Colton, E., Ziats, N. P., & Anderson, J. M. (2002) · Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1067/mlc.2002.121260 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Coelho, A.-M., Fioramonti, J., & Bueno, L. (2000) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00269-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ertel, W., Morrison, M. H., Ayala, A., & Chaudry, I. H. (1994) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/1043-4666(94)90050-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dinarello, C. A., Cannon, J. G., Wolff, S. M., Bernheim, H. A., Beutler, B., Cerami, A., Figari, I. S., Palladino, M. A., & O'Connor, J. V.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Genentech (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of experimental medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1986-06-01
- Volume
- 163
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1433-1450
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2188124
- OpenAlex
- W2122462682
- Cited by
- 1,472
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 50.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI‑15614)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- TNF-α, endogenous pyrogen, fever, prostaglandin E2, cyclooxygenase inhibition, hypothalamic cells, biphasic fever, endotoxin, thermoregulation, mononuclear cells, C3H/HeJ mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Endotoxins, Fever, Glycoproteins, Interleukin-1, Monocytes, Prostaglandins E, Pyrogens, Rabbits, Recombinant Proteins, Stimulation, Chemical, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Dinoprostone, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
