Cited by 362Regulation of Appetite and ObesityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

Leptin actions on food intake and body temperature are mediated by IL-1

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Luheshi, Giamal N., Gardner, Jason D., Rushforth, David A., Loudon, Andrew S., Rothwell, Nancy J.·1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Leptin regulates energy balance through its actions in the brain on appetite and energy expenditure and also shares properties with cytokines such as IL-1. We report here that leptin, injected into rats intracerebroventricularly or peripherally, induces significant dose-dependent increases in core body temperature as well as suppression of appetite. Leptin failed to affect food intake or body temperature in obese ( fa/fa ) Zucker rats, which posses a defective leptin receptor. Furthermore, injection of leptin increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the hypothalamus of normal Sprague–Dawley rats. Central injection of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) inhibited the suppression of food intake caused by central or peripheral injection of leptin (60 and 84%, respectively) and abolished the leptin-induced increase in body temperature in both cases. Mice lacking (gene knockout) the main IL-1 receptor (80 kDa, R1) responsible for IL-1 actions showed no reduction in food intake in response to leptin. These data indicate that leptin actions in the brain depend on IL-1, and we show further that the effect of leptin on fever, but not food intake, is abolished by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Thus, we propose that in addition to its role in body weight regulation, leptin may mediate neuroimmune responses via actions in the brain dependent on release of IL-1 and prostaglandins.

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Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.96.12.7047

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Authors
Luheshi, G. N., Gardner, J. D., Rushforth, D. A., Loudon, A. S., & Rothwell, N. J.
Affiliations
University of Manchester (GB)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
1999-06-08
Volume
96
Issue
12
Pages
7047-7052
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2105105112
Cited by
362
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 14
FWCI
7.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords
leptin, interleukin-1, dietary intake, body temperature, fever, appetite suppression, hypothalamus, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1 receptor type 1, neuroimmune interactions, cyclooxygenase, prostaglandins, leptin receptor, obesity, energy balance
MeSH terms
Animals, Body Temperature, Eating, Interleukin-1, Male, Proteins, Rats, Zucker, Sialoglycoproteins, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Antirheumatic Agents, Leptin, Mice, Rats, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein

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