Leptin actions on food intake and body temperature are mediated by IL-1
Open accessAbstract
Leptin regulates energy balance through its actions in the brain on appetite and energy expenditure and also shares properties with cytokines such as IL-1. We report here that leptin, injected into rats intracerebroventricularly or peripherally, induces significant dose-dependent increases in core body temperature as well as suppression of appetite. Leptin failed to affect food intake or body temperature in obese ( fa/fa ) Zucker rats, which posses a defective leptin receptor. Furthermore, injection of leptin increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the hypothalamus of normal Sprague–Dawley rats. Central injection of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) inhibited the suppression of food intake caused by central or peripheral injection of leptin (60 and 84%, respectively) and abolished the leptin-induced increase in body temperature in both cases. Mice lacking (gene knockout) the main IL-1 receptor (80 kDa, R1) responsible for IL-1 actions showed no reduction in food intake in response to leptin. These data indicate that leptin actions in the brain depend on IL-1, and we show further that the effect of leptin on fever, but not food intake, is abolished by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Thus, we propose that in addition to its role in body weight regulation, leptin may mediate neuroimmune responses via actions in the brain dependent on release of IL-1 and prostaglandins.
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IL-1ra plays a crucial role in downregulating core body temperature.
“which has also been shown to play a crucial role in downregulating CBT14.”
From Increased core body temperature in astronauts during long-duration space missions (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Luheshi, G. N., Gardner, J. D., Rushforth, D. A., Loudon, A. S., & Rothwell, N. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1999-06-08
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 7047-7052
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC22051
- OpenAlex
- W2105105112
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 7.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- leptin, interleukin-1, dietary intake, body temperature, fever, appetite suppression, hypothalamus, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1 receptor type 1, neuroimmune interactions, cyclooxygenase, prostaglandins, leptin receptor, obesity, energy balance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Temperature, Eating, Interleukin-1, Male, Proteins, Rats, Zucker, Sialoglycoproteins, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Antirheumatic Agents, Leptin, Mice, Rats, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
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