Cited by 383Complement system in diseasesAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Activation of the classical complement pathway in brain tissue of Alzheimer patients

McGeer, P.L., Akiyama, H., Itagaki, S., McGeer, E.G.·1989·Neuroscience Letters

DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90843-4

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Positive immunohistochemical staining of Alzheimer brain tissue was obtained with antibodies to proteins associated with classical, but not the alternative, complement pathway. Clq, C3d, C4d are fractions of complement proteins that bind to tissue when the classical complement pathway is activated. Antibodies to these fractions stained senile plaques, dystrophic neurites and some neurofibrillary tangles. C5b-9 is the membrane attack complex which promotes cell lysis when assembled on the plasma membrane. An antibody to a neoantigenic site on this complex stained dystrophic neurites and many neurofibrillary tangles, but not extracellular amyloid. Properdin and fraction Bb of factor B, two proteins that bind to tissue when the alternative complement pathway is activated, were not detected immunohistochemically.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90843-4

Cites

15 of 15 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Relationship of microglia and astrocytes to amyloid deposits of Alzheimer disease
Itagaki, S., McGeer, P. L., Akiyama, H., Zhu, S., & Selkoe, D. (1989) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(89)90115-x · Cited by 940
Self-citation
Reactive microglia in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type are positive for the histocompatibility glycoprotein HLA-DR
McGeer, P. L., Itagaki, S., Tago, H., & McGeer, E. G. (1987) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90696-3 · Cited by 836
Self-citation
Expression of immune system-associated antigens by cells of the human central nervous system: Relationship to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease
Rogers, J., Luber-Narod, J., Styren, S. D., & Civin, W. H. (1988) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(88)80079-4 · Cited by 743
Immunoglobulins and complement factors in senile plaques: An immunoperoxidase study
Eikelenboom, P., & Stam, F. C. (1982) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00685397 · Cited by 454
Isolation of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Proteins from Amyloid Plaque Fibers in Alzheimer's Disease
Selkoe, D. J., Abraham, C. R., Podlisny, M. B., & Duffy, L. K. (1986) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb08501.x · Cited by 452
Complement activation in amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s dementia
Eikelenboom, P., Hack, C. E., Rozemüller, A. J. M., & Stam, F. C. (1988) · Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1007/bf02890024 · Cited by 288
A variety of cerebral amyloid deposits in the brains of the Alzheimer-type dementia demonstrated by? protein immunostaining
YAMAGUCHI, H., Hirai, S., Morimatsu, M., Shoji, M., & Ihara, Y. (1988) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00689591 · Cited by 283
Presence of T-cytotoxic suppressor and leucocyte common antigen positive cells in Alzheimer's disease brain tissue
Itagaki, S., McGeer, P. L., & Akiyama, H. (1988) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(88)90690-8 · Cited by 271
Self-citation
BASIC AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Gatenby, P. A., & Axiak, S. M. (1988) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1988.tb02238.x · Cited by 269
An immunohistochemical study on cerebral vascular and senile plaque amyloid in Alzheimer’s dementia
Eikelenboom, P., & Stam, F. C. (1984) · Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1007/bf02890185 · Cited by 83

Show all 15 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Kolb, 1988, Development of a highly sensitive capture EIA for the quantitation of the SC5b-9 complex in human plasma using a monoclonal antibody reactive with a poly-C9 neoantigenic determinant, Complement, 5, 213

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 383

Early response of brain resident microglia to kainic acid-induced hippocampal lesions
Akiyama, H., Tooyama, I., Kondo, H., Ikeda, K., Kimura, H., McGeer, E. G., & McGeer, P. L. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91447-8 · Cited by 109
Self-citation
The effect of insomnia on development of Alzheimer’s disease
Sadeghmousavi, S., Eskian, M., Rahmani, F., & Rezaei, N. (2020) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01960-9 · Cited by 122
β-Amyloid induces increased release of interleukin-1β from lipopolysaccharide-activated human monocytes
Lorton, D., Kocsis, J.-M., King, L., Madden, K., & Brunden, K. R. (1996) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(96)00030-6 · Cited by 106
Morphological diversities of CD44 positive astrocytes in the cerebral cortex of normal subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease
Akiyama, H., Tooyama, I., Kawamata, T., Ikeda, K., & McGeer, P. L. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91160-t · Cited by 107
Self-citation
SYMPOSIUM: Clearance of Aβ from the Brain in Alzheimer' Disease: The Role of the Immune System in Clearance of Aβ from the Brain
Boche, D., & Nicoll, J. A. R. (2008) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00134.x · Cited by 106
Capillary cerebral amyloid angiopathy identifies a distinct APOE ε4-associated subtype of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Thal, D. R., Papassotiropoulos, A., Saido, T. C., Griffin, W. S. T., Mrak, R. E., Kölsch, H., Tredici, K. D., Attems, J., & Ghebremedhin, E. (2010) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0707-9 · Cited by 103
Expression of C1q, a subcomponent of the rat complement system, is dramatically enhanced in brains of rats with either Borna disease or experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
Dietzschold, B., Schwaeble, W., Schäfer, M. K. H., Hooper, D. C., Zehng, Y. M., Petry, F., Sheng, H., Fink, T., Loos, M., Koprowski, H., et al. (1995) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(94)00269-t · Cited by 102
Role of Prostaglandins in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Lima, I. V. D. A., Bastos, L. F. S., Limborço‐Filho, M., Fiebich, B. L., & de Oliveira, A. C. P. (2012) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2012/946813 · Cited by 104
Blockage of CR1 prevents activation of rodent microglia
Crehan, H., Hardy, J., & Pocock, J. (2013) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2013.02.003 · Cited by 98
The complement cascade in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Krance, S. H., Wu, C., Zou, Y. Z., Mao, H., Toufighi, S., He, X., Pakosh, M. T., & Swardfager, W. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0536-8 · Cited by 97
Deficiency of complement component 5 ameliorates glaucoma in DBA/2J mice
Howell, G. R., Soto, I., Ryan, M. M., Graham, L. C., Smith, R. S., & John, S. W. M. (2013) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-76 · Cited by 97
Molecular imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Knezevic, D., & Mizrahi, R. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.007 · Cited by 97
Selective expression of clusterin (SGP-2) and complement C1qB and C4 during responses to neurotoxinsin vivo andin vitro
Rozovsky, I., Morgan, T. E., Willoughby, D. A., Dugich‐Djordjevic, M. M., Pasinetti, G. M., Johnson, S. A., & Finch, C. E. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90473-1 · Cited by 93
Activation of Kainate Receptors Sensitizes Oligodendrocytes to Complement Attack
Alberdi, E. M., Sánchez‐Gómez, M. V., Torre, I., Domercq, M., Pérez‐Samartín, A., Pérez‐Cerdá, F., & Matute, C. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3780-05.2006 · Cited by 93
Primary and secondary alterations of immune reactivity in the elderly: impact of dietary factors and disease
Wick, G., & Grubeck‐Loebenstein, B. (1997) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1997.tb01037.x · Cited by 92
Yin and Yang: complement activation and regulation in Alzheimer’s disease
Shen, Y., & Meri, S. (2003) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.08.001 · Cited by 91
Roles for neuronal and glial autophagy in synaptic pruning during development
Lieberman, O. J., McGuirt, A. F., Tang, G., & Sulzer, D. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.04.017 · Cited by 87
Inflammatory Response in Alzheimer's Disease.
Akiyama, H. (1994) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.174.295 · Cited by 89
Self-citation
Investigations with cultured human microglia on pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases
Walker, D. G., & Lue, L.-F. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20484 · Cited by 89
Widespread serum amyloid P immunoreactivity in cortical amyloid deposits and the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative disorders
Kalaria, R. N., Galloway, P. G., & Perry, G. L. (1991) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1991.tb00714.x · Cited by 89
Association of complement factor H Y402H gene polymorphism with Alzheimer's disease
Zetterberg, M., Landgren, S., Andersson, M. E., Palmér, M. S., Gustafson, D., Skoog, I. G., Minthon, L., Thelle, D. S., Wallin, A., Bogdanović, N., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30668 · Cited by 89
Microarray Analysis Identifies Changes in Inflammatory Gene Expression in Response to Amyloid-β Stimulation of Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Kurji, K. H., Cui, J. Z., Lin, T. R., Harriman, D. I., Prasad, S. S., Kojic, L., & Matsubara, J. A. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3622 · Cited by 90
Microglial Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Activation and Inhibition Motif Signaling in Neuroinflammation
Linnartz, B., Wang, Y., & Neumann, H. (2010) · International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.4061/2010/587463 · Cited by 87
Complement C5a anaphylatoxin fragment causes apoptosis in TGW neuroblastoma cells
Farkas, I., Baranyi, L., Liposits, Z., Yamamoto, T., & Okada, H. (1998) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00108-0 · Cited by 86
Microglia, Alzheimer's Disease, and Complement
Crehan, H., Hardy, J., & Pocock, J. M. (2012) · International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1155/2012/983640 · Cited by 85
Common mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes: a key role of chronic bacterial infection and inflammation
Miklossy, J., & McGeer, P. L. (2016) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100921 · Cited by 86
Self-citation
Contribution of Neurons and Glial Cells to Complement-Mediated Synapse Removal during Development, Aging and in Alzheimer’s Disease
Luchena, C., Zuazo-Ibarra, J., Alberdi, E. M., Matute, C., & Capetillo‐Zarate, E. (2018) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2018/2530414 · Cited by 84
Interleukin-6-associated inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease: new therapeutic options
Hüll, M., Fiebich, B. L., Lieb, K., Strauss, S., Berger, M., Volk, B., & Bauer, J. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00107-8 · Cited by 82
Complement activation and β-amyloid-mediated neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease
Rogers, J., Schultz, J., Brachova, L., Lue, L. F., Webster, S. M., Bradt, B. M., Cooper, N. R., & Moss, D. E. (1992) · Research in Immunology · doi:10.1016/0923-2494(92)80046-n · Cited by 82
Complement activation on human neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro: route of activation and expression of functional complement regulatory proteins
Gasque, P., Thomas, A., Fontaine, M., & Morgan, B. P. (1996) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(96)00015-x · Cited by 81
Cerebral amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease but not in scrapie-affected mice are closely associated with a local inflammatory process
Eikelenboom, P., Rozemüller, A. J. M., Kraal, G., Stam, F. C., McBride, P., Bruce, M. E., & Fraser, H. (1991) · Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1007/bf02899564 · Cited by 81
Increased intermediate M1‐M2 macrophage polarization and improved cognition in mild cognitive impairment patients on ω‐3 supplementation
Famenini, S., Rigali, E. A., Perez, H. O., Dang, J., Chang, M. T., Halder, R. C., Rao, R. V., Pellegrini, M. A., Porter, V. R., Bredesen, D. E., et al. (2016) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201600677rr · Cited by 80
The role of complement in disorders of the nervous system
Morgan, B. P., Gasque, P., Singhrao, S. K., & Piddlesden, S. J. (1997) · Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0162-3109(97)00059-3 · Cited by 78
Roles of the Complement System in Human Neurodegenerative Disorders
Gasque, P., Neal, J. W., Singhrao, S. K., McGreal, E. P., Dean, Y. D., van Beek, J., & Morgan, B. P. (2002) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1385/mn:25:1:001 · Cited by 77
Inflammation and Alzheimer disease
Aisen, P. S. S. (1996) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf02815208 · Cited by 76
Occurrence of Interleukin‐6 in Cortical Plaques of Alzheimer's Disease Patients May Precede Transformation of Diffuse into Neuritic Plaquesa
Hüll, M., Berger, T., Volk, B., & Bauer, J. (1996) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34420.x · Cited by 77
Microglial activation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: a critical examination of recent history
Streit (2010) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2010.00022 · Cited by 76
Evaluation of selective COX-2 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Aisen, P. (2002) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(02)00374-3 · Cited by 74
Peripheral administration of novel anti-inflammatories can attenuate the effects of chronic inflammation within the CNS
Hauss‐Wegrzyniak, B., Willard, L. B., Soldato, P. D., Pepeu, G., & Wenk, G. L. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01081-6 · Cited by 75
Possible functions of a new genetic marker in central nervous system: The sulfated glycoprotein‐2 (SGP‐2)
Michel, D., Chabot, J., Moyse, E., Danik, M., & Quirion, R. (1992) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890110203 · Cited by 76
Complement System in Alzheimer’s Disease
Shah, A., Kishore, U., & Shastri, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222413647 · Cited by 76
Aging and cerebrovascular dysfunction: contribution of hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and immunotherapy
Vasilevko, V., Passos, G. F., Quiring, D., Head, E., Kim, R. C., Fisher, M., & Cribbs, D. H. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05786.x · Cited by 74
Therapeutic targeting of complement to modify disease course and improve outcomes in neurological conditions
Brennan, F. H., Lee, J. D., Ruitenberg, M. J., & Woodruff, T. M. (2016) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.015 · Cited by 73
Crystal Structure of C5b-6 Suggests Structural Basis for Priming Assembly of the Membrane Attack Complex
Aleshin, A. E., DiScipio, R. G., Stec, B., & Liddington, R. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.361121 · Cited by 71
Peripheral cytokine release in Alzheimer patients: correlation with disease severity
Sala, G., Galimberti, G., Canevari, C., Raggi, M. E., Isella, V., Facheris, M., Appollonio, I. M., & Ferrarese, C. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(03)00010-1 · Cited by 72
Multi-Faceted Role of Melatonin in Neuroprotection and Amelioration of Tau Aggregates in Alzheimer’s Disease
Balmik, A. A., & Chinnathambi, S. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170900 · Cited by 69
Complement C1q and C3 mRNA expression in the frontal cortex of Alzheimer's patients
Fischer, B. E., Schmoll, H., Platt, D., Popa‐Wagner, A., Riederer, P. F., & Bauer, J. (1995) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00202265 · Cited by 68
Intravascular infusions of soluble β-amyloid compromise the blood–brain barrier, activate CNS glial cells and induce peripheral hemorrhage
Su, G. C., Arendash, G. W., Kalaria, R. N., Bjugstad, K. B., & MULLAN, M. J. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01143-3 · Cited by 70
Immunohistochemical study of α2 Macroglobulin receptor in Alzheimer and control postmortem human brain
Tooyama, I., Kawamata, T., Akiyama, H., Moestrup, S. K., Gliemann, J., & McGeer, P. L. (1993) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf03160029 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
The Immunopathology of Alzheimer's Disease and Some Related Disorders
Kalaria, R. N. (1993) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1993.tb00761.x · Cited by 69
Toxoplasmosis and Polygenic Disease Susceptibility Genes: ExtensiveToxoplasma gondiiHost/Pathogen Interactome Enrichment in Nine Psychiatric or Neurological Disorders
Carter, C. (2013) · Journal of Pathogens · doi:10.1155/2013/965046 · Cited by 71
Alzheimer′s Disease: APP, Gamma Secretase, APOE, CLU, CR1, PICALM, ABCA7, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, and MS4A2, and Their Relationships with Herpes Simplex, C. Pneumoniae , Other Suspect Pathogens, and the Immune System
Carter, C. (2011) · International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.4061/2011/501862 · Cited by 70
Plaque complement activation and cognitive loss in Alzheimer's disease
Loeffler, D. A., Camp, D. M., & Bennett, D. A. (2008) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-9 · Cited by 68
Modifiable, Non-Modifiable, and Clinical Factors Associated with Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
Loeffler, D. A. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201182 · Cited by 71
Anti-inflammatory and Immune Therapy for Alzheimers Disease: Current Status and Future Directions
Walker, D., & Lue, L.-F. (2007) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/157015907782793667 · Cited by 66
Therapeutic implications of the prostaglandin pathway in Alzheimer's disease
Cudaback, E., Jorstad, N. L., Yang, Y. J., Montine, T. J., & Keene, C. D. (2014) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.014 · Cited by 68
Neuropathology and the Neuroinflammation Idea
Mrak, R. E. (2009) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2009-1158 · Cited by 66
Complement-activated oligodendroglia: A new pathogenic entity identified by immunostaining with antibodies to human complement proteins C3d and C4d
Yamada, T., Akiyama, H., & McGeer, P. L. (1990) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(90)90196-g · Cited by 66
Self-citation
Impact of Tau on Neurovascular Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease
Canepa, E., & Fossati, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.573324 · Cited by 67
The Importance of Complement-Mediated Immune Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis
Batista, A. F., Khan, K., Papavergi, M.-T., & Lemere, C. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25020817 · Cited by 72
Prostaglandin G/H Synthase-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) mRNA Expression is Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease
Chang, J. W., Coleman, P. D., & O’Banion, M. K. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00110-8 · Cited by 61
Prevention of the β-amyloid peptide-induced inflammatory process by inhibition of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in primary murine mixed co-cultures
Couturier, J., Paccalin, M., Morel, M., Terro, F., Milin, S., Pontcharraud, R., Fauconneau, B., & Page, G. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-72 · Cited by 65
Novel targets in Alzheimer’s disease: A special focus on microglia
Balducci, C., & Forloni, G. (2018) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.017 · Cited by 62
What does complement do in Alzheimer’s disease? Old molecules with new insights
Shen, Y., Yang, L., & Li, R. (2013) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/2047-9158-2-21 · Cited by 61
Nitrone-Related Therapeutics
Maples, K. R., Green, A. R., & Floyd, R. A. (2004) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200418150-00003 · Cited by 60
Apolipoprotein E isoform‐dependent microglia migration
Cudaback, E., Li, X., Montine, K. S., Montine, T. J., & Keene, C. D. (2011) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.10-176891 · Cited by 58
Complement proteins and complement inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease
McGeer, P. L., & McGeer, E. G. (1992) · Research in Immunology · doi:10.1016/0923-2494(92)80045-m · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Degeneration process of Lewy bodies in the brains of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies using α-synuclein-immunohistochemistry
Iseki, E., Marui, W., Akiyama, H., Uéda, K., & Kosaka, K. (2000) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01090-9 · Cited by 55
Self-citation
Sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNA is expressed in rat striatal astrocytes following ibotenic acid lesions
Pasinetti, G. M., & Finch, C. E. (1991) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(91)90213-d · Cited by 55
An updated Alzheimer hypothesis: Complement C3 and risk of Alzheimer‘s disease—A cohort study of 95,442 individuals
Rasmussen, K. L., Nordestgaard, B. G., Frikke‐Schmidt, R., & Nielsen, S. F. (2018) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.223 · Cited by 57
Relationship Between Multifunctional Protein "Clusterin" and Alzheimer Disease
Choi-Miura, N.-H., & Oda, T. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00106-6 · Cited by 54
Complement gene expression in mouse microglia and astrocytes in culture: comparisons with mouse peritoneal macrophages
Haga, S., Aizawa, T., Ishii, T., & Ikeda, K. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)13040-8 · Cited by 53
Alzheimer neurofibrillary lesions: Molecular nature and potential roles of different components
Yen, S.-H. C., Liu, W.-K., Hall, F. L., Yan, S., Stern, D. M., & Dickson, D. W. (1995) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)00022-7 · Cited by 53
History of Innate Immunity in Neurodegenerative Disorders
McGeer, P. L., & McGeer, E. G. (2011) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2011.00077 · Cited by 52
Self-citation
The possible role of the immune system in Alzheimer’s disease
Marx, F., Blasko, I., Pavelka, M., & Grubeck-Loebenstein, B. (1998) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(98)00028-x · Cited by 51
Serum Amyloid P in Alzheimer's Disease
Kalaria, R. N., Golde, T. E., Cohen, M. L., & Younkin, S. G. (1991) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb00206.x · Cited by 52
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Use and Alzheimer Disease in Community-Dwelling Elderly Patients
Landi, F., Cesari, M., Onder, G., Russo, A., Torre, S., & Bernabei, R. (2003) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200303000-00008 · Cited by 51
Expression of complement C4 and C9 genes by human astrocytes
Walker, D. G., Kim, S. U., & McGeer, P. L. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00811-7 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease
Hüll, M., Berger, T., Bauer, J., Strauss, S., & Volk, B. (1996) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02189112 · Cited by 52
Molecular and cellular mediators of Alzheimer's disease inflammation
Strohmeyer, R., & Rogers, J. (2001) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2001-3118 · Cited by 52
Importance of Immunological and Inflammatory Processes in the Pathogenesis and THERAPY of Alzheimer's Disease
Popović, M., Caballero‐Bleda, M., Puelles, L., & Popović, N. (1998) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207459809003341 · Cited by 49
Activated microglial cells and complement factors are unrelated to cortical Lewy bodies
Rozemuller, A. J. M., Eikelenboom, P., Theeuwes, J. W., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & de Vos, R. A. I. (2000) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s004010000225 · Cited by 50
Complement-mediated neurotoxicity is regulated by homologous restriction
Shen, Y., Halperin, J. A., & Lee, C. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)01264-i · Cited by 50
Specificity of mechanisms for plaque removal after Aβ immunotherapy for Alzheimer disease
Akiyama, H., & McGeer, P. L. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0204-117 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
Neuroinflammation is increased in the parietal cortex of atypical Alzheimer’s disease
Boon, B. D. C., Hoozemans, J. J. M., Lopuhaä, B. V., Eigenhuis, K. N., Scheltens, P., Kamphorst, W., Rozemüller, A. J. M., & Bouwman, F. H. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1180-y · Cited by 52
Decreased levels of C1q in cerebrospinal fluid of living Alzheimer patients correlate with disease state
Smyth, M. D., Cribbs, D. H., Tenner, A. J., Shankle, W. R., Dick, M. B., Kesslak, J. P., & Cotman, C. W. (1994) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(94)00055-7 · Cited by 49
Anti-inflammatory drugs: a hope for Alzheimer’s disease?
Hüll, M., Lieb, K., & Fiebich, B. L. (2000) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.9.4.671 · Cited by 49
Intravenous immunoglobulin and Alzheimer’s disease: what now?
Loeffler, D. A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-70 · Cited by 52
Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: a Key Player in the Transition Between Homeostasis and Pathogenesis
McFarland, K. N., & Chakrabarty, P. (2022) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-021-01179-3 · Cited by 48
PKR, the double stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase as a critical target in Alzheimer's disease
Morel, M., Couturier, J., Lafay‐Chebassier, C., Paccalin, M., & Page, G. (2009) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00849.x · Cited by 47
Quantitative Volumetric Analyses of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging from Rat with Chronic Neuroinflammation
Hauss‐Wegrzyniak, B., Galons, J., & Wenk, G. L. (2000) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.2000.7469 · Cited by 47
Induced expression of neuronal membrane attack complex and cell death by Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide
Shen, Y., Sullivan, T., Lee, C., Meri, S., Shiosaki, K., & Lin, C. W. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00346-1 · Cited by 46
Alzheimer's Disease: A Pathogenetic Autoimmune Disorder Caused by Herpes Simplex in a Gene-Dependent Manner
Carter, C. (2010) · International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.4061/2010/140539 · Cited by 47
A review of human diseases caused or exacerbated by aberrant complement activation
McGeer, P. L., Lee, M., & McGeer, E. G. (2016) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.017 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
Is there a link between genetic defects in the complement cascade and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer’s disease?
Olsen, I., & Singhrao, S. K. (2019) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2019.1676486 · Cited by 48
TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Grundman, M., & Thal, L. J. (2000) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70227-9 · Cited by 46
Expression of the complement membrane attack complex and its inhibitors in Pick disease brain
Yasuhara, O., Aimi, Y., McGeer, E. G., & McGeer, P. L. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90246-1 · Cited by 46
Self-citation
C5a Increases the Injury to Primary Neurons Elicited by Fibrillar Amyloid Beta
Hernandez, M. X., Namiranian, P., Nguyen, E., Fonseca, M. I., & Tenner, A. J. (2017) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1177/1759091416687871 · Cited by 44
Targeting complement in neurodegeneration: challenges, risks, and strategies
Zelek, W. M., & Morgan, B. P. (2022) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2022.02.006 · Cited by 43
Complement and clusterin in the injured nervous system
Törnqvist, E., Liu, L., Aldskogius, H., von Holst, H., & Svensson, M. A. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00120-0 · Cited by 44

Authors: McGeer, P. L., Akiyama, H., Itagaki, S., & McGeer, E. G.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: McGeer, P.L.
ORCID: McGeer, P.L.
Akiyama, H.
Venue: Neuroscience Letters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1989-12
Volume: 107
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 341-346
ISSN: 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90843-4
OpenAlex: W1980565738
Cited by: 383
References: 15
Citations by year: 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 3.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Complement system in diseases
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: classical complement pathway, Alzheimer's disease, complement activation, C1q, C3d, C4d, C5b-9 membrane attack complex, amyloid plaques, dystrophic neurites, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid, alternative complement pathway, properdin, factor B
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Inclusion Bodies, Complement Activation, Complement Pathway, Classical, Complement C4, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Neurofibrils, Peptide Fragments, Complement C1q, Complement C3d, Complement C4b, Complement Membrane Attack Complex

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Activation of the classical complement pathway in brain tissue of Alzheimer patients

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks