Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: a Key Player in the Transition Between Homeostasis and Pathogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Immune activation accompanies the development of proteinopathy in the brains of Alzheimer's dementia patients. Evolving from the long-held viewpoint that immune activation triggers the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease, there is accumulating evidence now that microglial activation is neither pro-amyloidogenic nor just a simple reactive process to the proteinopathy. Preclinical studies highlight an interesting aspect of immunity, i.e., spurring immune system activity may be beneficial under certain circumstances. Indeed, a dynamic evolving relationship between different activation states of the immune system and its neuronal neighbors is thought to regulate overall brain organ health in both healthy aging and progression of Alzheimer's dementia. A new premise evolving from genome, transcriptome, and proteome data is that there might be at least two major phases of immune activation that accompany the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease. Though activation on a chronic scale will certainly lead to neurodegeneration, this emerging knowledge of a potential beneficial aspect of immune activation allows us to form holistic insights into when, where, and how much immune system activity would need to be tuned to impact the Alzheimer's neurodegenerative cascade. Even with the trove of recently emerging -omics data from patients and preclinical models, how microglial phenotypes are functionally related to the transition of a healthy aging brain towards progressive degenerative state remains unknown. A deeper understanding of the synergism between microglial functional states and brain organ health could help us discover newer interventions and therapies that enable us to address the current paucity of disease-modifying therapies in Alzheimer's disease.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Alzheimer's neuroinflammation is a dynamic balance between protective and harmful microglial programs, with disease stage and local tissue environment determining whether immune activation is beneficial, insufficient, maladaptive, or toxic.
“Reviews and experimental studies now increasingly describe Alzheimer’s neuroinflammation as a dynamic balance between protective and harmful microglial programs, with disease stage and local tissue environment determining whether immune activation is beneficial, insufficient, maladaptive, or toxic [13,19].”
From Lymphoid-like Suppressive Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Neuroimmune Regulatory Axis? (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
The Introduction describes early microglial activation as potentially protective and later chronic inflammation as potentially harmful; the section on preclinical models also describes context-dependent changes. But that section says whether specific microglial profiles relate to disease staging is unknown, so the claim that stage determines the outcome is stronger than the review supports. The four-way classification, particularly ‘insufficient’ activation, is not established in these passages. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMicroglia may help contain amyloid plaques, phagocytose pathological material, support synapses, and limit inflammatory spread; yet they may also release pro-inflammatory mediators, promote complement-associated synapse loss, propagate neurotoxic signaling, and contribute to chronic tissue damage.
“Microglia may help contain amyloid plaques, phagocytose pathological material, support synapses, and limit inflammatory spread; yet they may also release pro-inflammatory mediators, promote complement-associated synapse loss, propagate neurotoxic signaling, and contribute to chronic tissue damage.”
From Lymphoid-like Suppressive Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Neuroimmune Regulatory Axis? (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMicroglial responses in Alzheimer's disease are not uniformly harmful and cannot be reduced to a simple activated-versus-resting distinction.
“more recent work suggests that microglial responses in Alzheimer’s disease are not uniformly harmful and cannot be reduced to a simple activated-versus-resting distinction [13,14].”
From Lymphoid-like Suppressive Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Neuroimmune Regulatory Axis? (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
The same broad category of microglial activation can describe processes with opposite biological consequences.
“The central unresolved issue is that the same broad category of “microglial activation” can describe processes with opposite biological consequences.”
From Lymphoid-like Suppressive Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Neuroimmune Regulatory Axis? (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.
An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome
The ENCODE Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11247 · Cited by 18,072 · see citing works
NIA‐AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease
Jack, C. R., Bennett, D. A., Blennow, K., Carrillo, M. C., Dunn, B., Haeberlein, S. B., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W., Jessen, F., Karlawish, J., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018 · Cited by 10,537 · see citing works
Amyloid oligomers exacerbate tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy
Selenica, M.-L. B., Brownlow, M., Jimenez, J. P., Lee, D. C., Pena, G., Dickey, C. A., Gordon, M. N., & Morgan, D. (2013) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000337230 · Cited by 10,359 · see citing works
Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
Choi, D. W. (1988) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90162-6 · Cited by 8,152 · see citing works
Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971 · see citing works
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395 · see citing works
Massively parallel digital transcriptional profiling of single cells
Zheng, G. X. Y., Terry, J. M., Belgrader, P., Ryvkin, P., Bent, Z. W., Wilson, R., Ziraldo, S. B., Wheeler, T. D., McDermott, G. P., Zhu, J., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14049 · Cited by 7,353 · see citing works
Highly parallel genome-wide expression profiling of individual cells using nanoliter droplets.
Macosko, E. Z., Basu, A., Satija, R., Nemesh, J., Shekhar, K., Goldman, M., Tirosh, I., Bialas, A. R., Kamitaki, N., Martersteck, E. M., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.002 · Cited by 7,110 · see citing works
Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control
Schwanhäusser, B., Busse, D., Li, N., Dittmar, G., Schuchhardt, J., Wolf, J., Chen, W., & Selbach, M. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10098 · Cited by 6,566 · see citing works
Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes
Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium, Kundaje, A., Meuleman, W., Ernst, J., Bilenky, M., Yen, A., Heravi-Moussavi, A., Kheradpour, P., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14248 · Cited by 6,368 · see citing works
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years
Selkoe, D. J., & Hardy, J. (2016) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201606210 · Cited by 6,164 · see citing works
A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Keren-Shaul, H., Spinrad, A., Weiner, A., Matcovitch-Natan, O., Dvir-Szternfeld, R., Ulland, T. K., David, E., Baruch, K., Lara-Astaiso, D., Toth, B., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.018 · Cited by 5,493 · see citing works
Inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease
Akiyama, H. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00124-x · Cited by 4,514 · see citing works
Visualization and analysis of gene expression in tissue sections by spatial transcriptomics
Ståhl, P. L., Salmén, F., Vickovic, S., Lundmark, A., Navarro, J. F., Magnusson, J., Giacomello, S., Asp, M., Westholm, J. O., Huss, M., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf2403 · Cited by 3,834 · see citing works
10 Years of GWAS Discovery: Biology, Function, and Translation
Visscher, P. M., Wray, N. R., Zhang, Q., Sklar, P., McCarthy, M. I., Brown, M. A., & Yang, J. (2017) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.005 · Cited by 3,719 · see citing works
On the Dependency of Cellular Protein Levels on mRNA Abundance
Liu, Y., Beyer, A., & Aebersold, R. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.014 · Cited by 3,221 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?
Leng, F., & Edison, P. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-020-00435-y · Cited by 3,179 · see citing works
<i>TREM2</i> Variants in Alzheimer's Disease
Guerreiro, R., Wojtas, A., Bras, J., Carrasquillo, M., Rogaeva, E., Majounie, E., Cruchaga, C., Sassi, C., Kauwe, J. S. K., Younkin, S., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1211851 · Cited by 3,020 · see citing works
Krasemann, S., Madore, C., Cialic, R., Baufeld, C., Calcagno, N., El Fatimy, R., Beckers, L., O’Loughlin, E., Xu, Y., Fanek, Z., et al. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.008 · Cited by 2,979 · see citing works
NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer’s disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS1 mice
Heneka, M. T., Kummer, M. P., Stutz, A., Delekate, A., Schwartz, S., Vieira-Saecker, A., Griep, A., Axt, D., Remus, A., Tzeng, T.-C., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11729 · Cited by 2,898 · see citing works
Annotation of functional variation in personal genomes using RegulomeDB
Boyle, A. P., Hong, E. L., Hariharan, M., Cheng, Y., Schaub, M. A., Kasowski, M., Karczewski, K. J., Park, J., Hitz, B. C., Weng, S., et al. (2012) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.137323.112 · Cited by 2,722 · see citing works
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of Alzheimer’s disease
Mathys, H., Davila-Velderrain, J., Peng, Z., Gao, F., Mohammadi, S., Young, J. Z., Menon, M., He, L., Abdurrob, F., Jiang, X., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1195-2 · Cited by 2,568 · see citing works
Identification of a unique TGF-β–dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia
Butovsky, O., Jedrychowski, M. P., Moore, C. S., Cialic, R., Lanser, A. J., Gabriely, G., Koeglsperger, T., Dake, B., Wu, P. M., Doykan, C. E., et al. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3599 · Cited by 2,543 · see citing works
The cGAS–STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases
Decout, A., Katz, J. D., Venkatraman, S., & Ablasser, A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00524-z · Cited by 2,309 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Sloan, S. A., Clarke, L. E., Caneda, C., Plaza, C. A., Blumenthal, P. D., Vogel, H., Steinberg, G. K., Edwards, M. S. B., Li, G., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.013 · Cited by 2,295 · see citing works
Hammond, T. R., Dufort, C., Dissing-Olesen, L., Giera, S., Young, A., Wysoker, A., Walker, A. J., Segel, M., Nemesh, J., Saunders, A., et al. (2018) · doi:10.1101/406140 · Cited by 2,225 · see citing works
the Immunological Genome Consortium, Gautier, E. L., Shay, T., Miller, J., Greter, M., Jakubzick, C., Ivanov, S., Helft, J., Chow, A., Elpek, K. G., et al. (2012) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2419 · Cited by 1,972 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Homeostatic or resting state microglia constantly surveil the brain, hunting for injury or insult, and express a transcriptional repertoire that includes transmembrane proteins and receptors involved in sensing and responding to environmental signals (the sensome) [149] and rely on TGF-β signaling [150, 151].”
BackgroundMicroglia in Alzheimer’s disease
Hansen, D. V., Hanson, J. E., & Sheng, M. (2018) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201709069 · Cited by 1,935 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Several recently identified risk factors such as TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2), CD33, PILRA (paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha), and PLCG2 (phospholipase C γ-2) are exclusively myeloid in origin [35].”
BackgroundIntegrated Systems Approach Identifies Genetic Nodes and Networks in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Zhang, B., Gaiteri, C., Bodea, L.-G., Wang, Z., McElwee, J., Podtelezhnikov, A. A., Zhang, C., Xie, T., Tran, L., Dobrin, R., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.030 · Cited by 1,657 · see citing works
Depletion of microglia and inhibition of exosome synthesis halt tau propagation
Asai, H., Ikezu, S., Tsunoda, S., Medalla, M., Luebke, J., Haydar, T., Wolozin, B., Butovsky, O., Kügler, S., & Ikezu, T. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4132 · Cited by 1,591 · see citing works
A polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist?
Ransohoff, R. M. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4338 · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
Stewart, C. R., Stuart, L. M., Wilkinson, K., van Gils, J. M., Deng, J., Halle, A., Rayner, K. J., Boyer, L., Zhong, R., Frazier, W. A., et al. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1836 · Cited by 1,513 · see citing works
The microglial sensome revealed by direct RNA sequencing
Hickman, S. E., Kingery, N. D., Ohsumi, T. K., Borowsky, M. L., Wang, L.-C., Means, T. K., & El Khoury, J. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3554 · Cited by 1,511 · see citing works
NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives tau pathology
Ising, C., Venegas, C., Zhang, S., Scheiblich, H., Schmidt, S. V., Vieira-Saecker, A., Schwartz, S., Albasset, S., McManus, R. M., Tejera, D., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1769-z · Cited by 1,487 · see citing works
Disease-Associated Microglia: A Universal Immune Sensor of Neurodegeneration
Deczkowska, A., Keren-Shaul, H., Weiner, A., Colonna, M., Schwartz, M., & Amit, I. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.003 · Cited by 1,474 · see citing works
Primary age-related tauopathy (PART): a common pathology associated with human aging
Crary, J. F., Trojanowski, J. Q., Schneider, J. A., Abisambra, J. F., Abner, E. L., Alafuzoff, I., Arnold, S. E., Attems, J., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1349-0 · Cited by 1,467 · see citing works
A subset of NSAIDs lower amyloidogenic Aβ42 independently of cyclooxygenase activity
Weggen, S., Eriksen, J. L., Das, P., Sagi, S. A., Wang, R., Pietrzik, C. U., Findlay, K. A., Smith, T. E., Murphy, M. P., Bulter, T., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35102591 · Cited by 1,388 · see citing works
Strittmatter, W. J., Weisgraber, K. H., Huang, D. Y., Dong, L. M., Salvesen, G. S., Pericak-Vance, M., Schmechel, D., Saunders, A. M., Goldgaber, D., & Roses, A. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.17.8098 · Cited by 1,363 · see citing works
Microglial Dysfunction and Defective β-Amyloid Clearance Pathways in Aging Alzheimer's Disease Mice
Hickman, S. E., Allison, E. K., & El Khoury, J. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0616-08.2008 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of mouse and human microglia at single-cell resolution
Masuda, T., Sankowski, R., Staszewski, O., Böttcher, C., Amann, L., Sagar, Scheiwe, C., Nessler, S., Kunz, P., van Loo, G., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0924-x · Cited by 1,310 · see citing works
Clearance of senescent glial cells prevents tau-dependent pathology and cognitive decline
Bussian, T. J., Aziz, A., Meyer, C. F., Swenson, B. L., van Deursen, J. M., & Baker, D. J. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0543-y · Cited by 1,289 · see citing works
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
in 't Veld, B. A., Ruitenberg, A., Hofman, A., Launer, L. J., van Duijn, C. M., Stijnen, T., Breteler, M. M. B., & Stricker, B. H. C. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010178 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Systemic inflammation and disease progression in Alzheimer disease
Holmes, C., Cunningham, C., Zotova, E., Woolford, J., Dean, C., Kerr, S., Culliford, D., & Perry, V. H. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181b6bb95 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
Li, Q., Cheng, Z., Zhou, L., Darmanis, S., Neff, N. F., Okamoto, J., Gulati, G., Bennett, M. L., Sun, L. O., Clarke, L. E., et al. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.006 · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Single-cell sequencing reveals dissociation-induced gene expression in tissue subpopulations
van den Brink, S. C., Sage, F., Vértesy, Á., Spanjaard, B., Peterson-Maduro, J., Baron, C. S., Robin, C., & van Oudenaarden, A. (2017) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.4437 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
The metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and risk of cognitive decline
Yaffe, K. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.18.2237 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Gene CD33 Inhibits Microglial Uptake of Amyloid Beta
Griciuc, A., Serrano-Pozo, A., Parrado, A. R., Lesinski, A. N., Asselin, C. N., Mullin, K., Hooli, B., Choi, S. H., Hyman, B. T., & Tanzi, R. E. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.04.014 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Brain energy rescue: an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing
Cunnane, S. C., Trushina, E., Morland, C., Prigione, A., Casadesus, G., Andrews, Z. B., Beal, M. F., Bergersen, L. H., Brinton, R. D., de la Monte, S., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-020-0072-x · Cited by 1,003 · see citing works
Johnson, E. C. B., Dammer, E. B., Duong, D. M., Ping, L., Zhou, M., Yin, L., Higginbotham, L. A., Guajardo, A., White, B., Troncoso, J. C., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0815-6 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Saman, S., Kim, W., Raya, M., Visnick, Y., Miro, S., Saman, S., Jackson, B., McKee, A. C., Alvarez, V. E., Lee, N. C. Y., et al. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.277061 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Spatial Transcriptomics and In Situ Sequencing to Study Alzheimer’s Disease
Chen, W.-T., Lu, A., Craessaerts, K., Pavie, B., Sala Frigerio, C., Corthout, N., Qian, X., Laláková, J., Kühnemund, M., Voytyuk, I., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.038 · Cited by 949 · cited 8× · see citing works
“A comprehensive spatial transcriptomic study from the De Strooper lab [156] identified two gene co-expression networks of cells in the area immediately surrounding Aβ plaques — an early response oligodendrocyte (OLIG) module composed of myelin and oligodendrocyte genes and a module of plaque-induced genes (PIGs) encom…”
BackgroundInfluentialSpangenberg, E., Severson, P. L., Hohsfield, L. A., Crapser, J., Zhang, J., Burton, E. A., Zhang, Y., Spevak, W., Lin, J., Phan, N. Y., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11674-z · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Sala Frigerio, C., Wolfs, L., Fattorelli, N., Thrupp, N., Voytyuk, I., Schmidt, I., Mancuso, R., Chen, W.-T., Woodbury, M. E., Srivastava, G., et al. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.099 · Cited by 926 · cited 13× · see citing works
“Other microglial populations were identified in this study including the transiting response microglia (TRM), which had a similar transcriptional profile to the ARMs, albeit at lower levels, and the cycling and proliferating microglia (CPM), which made up a very small percentage of the overall microglial population.”
BackgroundInfluentialEl Khoury, J., Toft, M., Hickman, S. E., Means, T. K., Terada, K., Geula, C., & Luster, A. D. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1555 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Microglia in Alzheimer's disease
Sarlus, H., & Heneka, M. T. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90606 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease
Heneka, M. T., Golenbock, D. T., & Latz, E. (2015) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3102 · Cited by 902 · see citing works
Ibuprofen Suppresses Plaque Pathology and Inflammation in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease
Lim, G. P., Yang, F., Chu, T., Chen, P., Beech, W. K., Teter, B., Tran, T., Ubeda, O. J., Ashe, K. H., Frautschy, S. A., et al. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-15-05709.2000 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Single-cell profiling identifies myeloid cell subsets with distinct fates during neuroinflammation
Jordão, M. J. C., Sankowski, R., Brendecke, S. M., Sagar, Locatelli, G., Tai, Y.-H., Tay, T. L., Schramm, E., Armbruster, S., Hagemeyer, N., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat7554 · Cited by 843 · see citing works
TREM2-mediated early microglial response limits diffusion and toxicity of amyloid plaques
Wang, Y., Ulland, T. K., Ulrich, J. D., Song, W., Tzaferis, J. A., Hole, J. T., Yuan, P., Mahan, T. E., Shi, Y., Gilfillan, S., et al. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20151948 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Multiplexed quantification of proteins and transcripts in single cells
Peterson, V. M., Zhang, K. X., Kumar, N., Wong, J., Li, L., Wilson, D. C., Moore, R., McClanahan, T. K., Sadekova, S., & Klappenbach, J. A. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3973 · Cited by 832 · see citing works
Yuan, P., Condello, C., Keene, C. D., Wang, Y., Bird, T. D., Paul, S. M., Luo, W., Colonna, M., Baddeley, D., & Grutzendler, J. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.003 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging
Montecino-Rodriguez, E., Berent-Maoz, B., & Dorshkind, K. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci64096 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Microglia Heterogeneity in the Single-Cell Era
Masuda, T., Sankowski, R., Staszewski, O., & Prinz, M. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.010 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
TREM2 Is a Receptor for β-Amyloid that Mediates Microglial Function
Zhao, Y., Wu, X., Li, X., Jiang, L.-L., Gui, X., Liu, Y., Sun, Y., Zhu, B., Piña-Crespo, J. C., Zhang, M., et al. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.031 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Temporal Tracking of Microglia Activation in Neurodegeneration at Single-Cell Resolution
Mathys, H., Adaikkan, C., Gao, F., Young, J. Z., Manet, E., Hemberg, M., De Jager, P. L., Ransohoff, R. M., Regev, A., & Tsai, L.-H. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.039 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Streit, W. J., Braak, H., Xue, Q.-S., & Bechmann, I. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0556-6 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
Griffin, W. S. T., Sheng, J. G., Royston, M. C., Gentleman, S., McKenzie, J. E., Graham, D. I., Roberts, G. W., & Mrak, R. E. (1998) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00136.x · Cited by 708 · see citing works
MahmoudianDehkordi, S., Arnold, M., Nho, K., Ahmad, S., Jia, W., Xie, G., Louie, G., Kueider‐Paisley, A., Moseley, M. A., Thompson, J. W., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.217 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Kitazawa, M., Oddo, S., Yamasaki, T. R., Green, K. N., & LaFerla, F. M. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2868-05.2005 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Spangenberg, E. E., Lee, R. J., Najafi, A. R., Rice, R. A., Elmore, M. R. P., Blurton-Jones, M., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww016 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Filipello, F., Morini, R., Corradini, I., Zerbi, V., Canzi, A., Michalski, B., Erreni, M., Markicevic, M., Starvaggi-Cucuzza, C., Otero, K., et al. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.016 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Paloneva, J., Manninen, T., Christman, G., Hovanes, K., Mandelin, J., Adolfsson, R., Bianchin, M., Bird, T., Miranda, R., Salmaggi, A., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/342259 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Jay, T. R., Miller, C. M., Cheng, P. J., Graham, L. C., Bemiller, S., Broihier, M. L., Xu, G., Margevicius, D., Karlo, J. C., Sousa, G. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20142322 · Cited by 682 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Another study reported that deficiency of TREM2, a microglial receptor, reduces immune activation and lowered Aβ burden in mice [55].”
BackgroundFriedman, B. A., Srinivasan, K., Ayalon, G., Meilandt, W. J., Lin, H., Huntley, M. A., Cao, Y., Lee, S.-H., Haddick, P. C. G., Ngu, H., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.066 · Cited by 662 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This also segues to another cautionary note as the neurodegeneration-associated microglial profiles may not be completely overlapping between the rodent models and humans [50, 230].”
BackgroundA guide to assessing cellular senescence <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>
González‐Gualda, E., Baker, A. G., Fruk, L., & Muñoz‐Espín, D. (2021) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15570 · Cited by 645 · cited 1× · see citing works
“While such morphologically dystrophic microglia are frequently observed in the brains of AD patients as well as in Lewy body dementia and limbic-predominant agerelated TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) [125, 126, 132], these microglia did not display the canonical markers of cellular senescence, such as β-galactosidase, p1…”
BackgroundGenetic variability in the regulation of gene expression in ten regions of the human brain
UK Brain Expression Consortium, Ramasamy, A., North American Brain Expression Consortium, Trabzuni, D., Guelfi, S., Varghese, V., Smith, C., Walker, R., De, T., Coin, L., et al. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3801 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Deep Multilayer Brain Proteomics Identifies Molecular Networks in Alzheimer’s Disease Progression
Bai, B., Wang, X., Li, Y., Chen, P.-C., Yu, K., Dey, K. K., Yarbro, J. M., Han, X., Lutz, B. M., Rao, S., et al. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.015 · Cited by 632 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Other examples include immune factors such as midkine and netrin 1, which because of their affinity to Aβ, co-localize with extracellular plaques [187].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialImaging the evolution and pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease
Jagust, W. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0067-3 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Maphis, N., Xu, G., Kokiko-Cochran, O. N., Jiang, S., Cardona, A., Ransohoff, R. M., Lamb, B. T., & Bhaskar, K. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv081 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Ng, A., Tam, W. W., Zhang, M. W., Ho, C. S., Husain, S. F., McIntyre, R. S., & Ho, R. C. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30487-6 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Late onset Alzheimer’s disease genetics implicates microglial pathways in disease risk
Efthymiou, A. G., & Goate, A. M. (2017) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0184-x · Cited by 562 · see citing works
On the path to 2025: understanding the Alzheimer’s disease continuum
Aisen, P. S., Cummings, J., Jack, C. R., Morris, J. C., Sperling, R., Frölich, L., Jones, R. W., Dowsett, S. A., Matthews, B. R., Raskin, J., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0283-5 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Loss of TREM2 function increases amyloid seeding but reduces plaque-associated ApoE
Parhizkar, S., Arzberger, T., Brendel, M., Kleinberger, G., Deussing, M., Focke, C., Nuscher, B., Xiong, M., Ghasemigharagoz, A., Katzmarski, N., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0296-9 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Hou, Y., Wei, Y. Q., Lautrup, S., Yang, B., Wang, Y., Cordonnier, S. A., Mattson, M. P., Croteau, D. L., & Bohr, V. A. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2011226118 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Biochemistry of Amyloid -Protein and Amyloid Deposits in Alzheimer DiseasePreprint
Masters, C. L., & Selkoe, D. J. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006262 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community
Stratoulias, V., Venero, J. L., Tremblay, M., & Joseph, B. (2019) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2019101997 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Suárez‐Calvet, M., Kleinberger, G., Araque Caballero, M. Á., Brendel, M., Rominger, A., Alcolea, D., Fortea, J., Lleó, A., Blesa, R., Gispert, J. D., et al. (2016) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201506123 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Hamelin, L., Lagarde, J., Dorothée, G., Leroy, C., Labit, M., Comley, R. A., de Souza, L. C., Corne, H., Dauphinot, L., Bertoux, M., et al. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww017 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Mostafavi, S., Gaiteri, C., Sullivan, S. E., White, C. C., Tasaki, S., Xu, J., Taga, M., Klein, H.-U., Patrick, E., Komashko, V., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0154-9 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
YKL-40: A Novel Prognostic Fluid Biomarker for Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease
Craig-Schapiro, R., Perrin, R. J., Roe, C. M., Xiong, C., Carter, D., Cairns, N. J., Mintun, M. A., Peskind, E. R., Li, G., Galasko, D. R., et al. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.025 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
New insights into the role of TREM2 in Alzheimer’s disease
Gratuze, M., Leyns, C. E. G., & Holtzman, D. M. (2018) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-018-0298-9 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Brain Cell Type Specific Gene Expression and Co-expression Network Architectures
McKenzie, A. T., Wang, M., Hauberg, M. E., Fullard, J. F., Kozlenkov, A., Keenan, A., Hurd, Y. L., Dracheva, S., Casaccia, P., Roussos, P., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27293-5 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Varma, V. R., Oommen, A. M., Varma, S., Casanova, R., An, Y., Andrews, R. M., O’Brien, R., Pletniková, O., Troncoso, J. C., Toledo, J. B., et al. (2018) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002482 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Seyfried, N. T., Dammer, E. B., Swarup, V., Nandakumar, D., Duong, D. M., Yin, L., Deng, Q., Nguyen, T., Hales, C. M., Wingo, T., et al. (2017) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2016.11.006 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Impact of regulatory variation from RNA to protein
Battle, A., Khan, Z., Wang, S. H., Mitrano, A., Ford, M. J., Pritchard, J. K., & Gilad, Y. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260793 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Divergence of the Primate Microglia Program
Geirsdottir, L., David, E., Keren-Shaul, H., Weiner, A., Bohlen, S. C., Neuber, J., Balic, A., Giladi, A., Sheban, F., Dutertre, C.-A., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.010 · Cited by 461 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Of particular interest is that the extent of heterogeneity in microglial transcriptome signatures is much higher in humans than in rodents even in steady state [221].”
BackgroundMetabolic network failures in Alzheimer's disease: A biochemical road map
Toledo, J. B., Arnold, M., Kastenmüller, G., Chang, R. R., Baillie, R., Han, X., Thambisetty, M., Tenenbaum, J. D., Suhre, K., Thompson, J. W., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.020 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Microglia drive APOE-dependent neurodegeneration in a tauopathy mouse model
Shi, Y., Manis, M., Long, J., Wang, K., Sullivan, P. M., Remolina Serrano, J., Hoyle, R., & Holtzman, D. M. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20190980 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Brosseron, F., Krauthausen, M., Kummer, M., & Heneka, M. T. (2014) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8657-1 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Prominent neurodegeneration and increased plaque formation in complement-inhibited Alzheimer's mice
Wyss-Coray, T., Yan, F., Lin, A. H.-T., Lambris, J. D., Alexander, J. J., Quigg, R. J., & Masliah, E. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.162350199 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
Rogers, J., Webster, S. D., Lue, L., Brachova, L., CIVIN, W. H., Emmerling, M. R., Shivers, B. D., Walker, D. G., & McGeer, P. L. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00115-7 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Shaftel, S. S., Kyrkanides, S., Olschowka, J. A., Miller, J.-N. H., Johnson, R. E., & O’Banion, M. K. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci31450 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s Patient Microglia Exhibit Enhanced Aging and Unique Transcriptional Activation
Srinivasan, K., Friedman, B. A., Etxeberria, A., Huntley, M. A., van der Brug, M. P., Foreman, O., Paw, J. S., Modrusan, Z., Beach, T. G., Serrano, G. E., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107843 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
A common haplotype lowers PU.1 expression in myeloid cells and delays onset of Alzheimer's disease
The International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project, Huang, K.-L., Initiative, T. A. D. N., Marcora, E., Pimenova, A. A., Di Narzo, A. F., Kapoor, M., Jin, S. C., Harari, O., Bertelsen, S., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4587 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
An early and late peak in microglial activation in Alzheimer’s disease trajectory
Fan, Z., Brooks, D. J., Okello, A., & Edison, P. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww349 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
RNA-sequencing from single nuclei
Grindberg, R. V., Yee-Greenbaum, J. L., McConnell, M. J., Novotny, M., O’Shaughnessy, A. L., Lambert, G. M., Araúzo-Bravo, M. J., Lee, J., Fishman, M., Robbins, G. E., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1319700110 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Dark microglia: A new phenotype predominantly associated with pathological states
Bisht, K., Sharma, K. P., Lecours, C., Gabriela Sánchez, M., El Hajj, H., Milior, G., Olmos‐Alonso, A., Gómez‐Nicola, D., Luheshi, G., Vallières, L., et al. (2016) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22966 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Whole-genome sequencing identifies common-to-rare variants associated with human blood metabolites
Long, T., Hicks, M. A., Yu, H., Biggs, W., Kirkness, E. F., Menni, C., Zierer, J., Small, K. S., Mangino, M., Messier, H., et al. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3809 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Inhibition of IL-12/IL-23 signaling reduces Alzheimer's disease–like pathology and cognitive decline
vom Berg, J., Prokop, S., Miller, K. R., Obst, J., Kälin, R. E., Lopategui-Cabezas, I., Wegner, A., Mair, F., Schipke, C. G., Peters, O., et al. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2965 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Glial contributions to neurodegeneration in tauopathies
Leyns, C. E. G., & Holtzman, D. M. (2017) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0192-x · Cited by 409 · see citing works
The amyloid cascade hypothesis: are we poised for success or failure?
Karran, E., & De Strooper, B. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13632 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Formation and maintenance of Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid plaques in the absence of microglia
Grathwohl, S. A., Kälin, R. E., Bolmont, T., Prokop, S., Winkelmann, G., Kaeser, S. A., Odenthal, J., Radde, R., Eldh, T., Gandy, S., et al. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2432 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Lee, C. Y. D., Daggett, A., Gu, X., Jiang, L.-L., Langfelder, P., Li, X., Wang, N., Zhao, Y., Park, C. S., Cooper, Y., et al. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.002 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Ghosh, S., Wu, M. D., Shaftel, S. S., Kyrkanides, S., LaFerla, F. M., Olschowka, J. A., & O'Banion, M. K. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4361-12.2013 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Activation of the classical complement pathway in brain tissue of Alzheimer patients
McGeer, P. L., Akiyama, H., Itagaki, S., & McGeer, E. G. (1989) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(89)90843-4 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Yamamoto, M., Kiyota, T., Horiba, M., Buescher, J. L., Walsh, S. M., Gendelman, H. E., & Ikezu, T. (2007) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.060378 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Higginbotham, L., Ping, L., Dammer, E. B., Duong, D. M., Zhou, M., Gearing, M., Hurst, C., Glass, J. D., Factor, S. A., Johnson, E. C. B., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz9360 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Il10 Deficiency Rebalances Innate Immunity to Mitigate Alzheimer-Like Pathology
Guillot-Sestier, M.-V., Doty, K. R., Gate, D., Rodriguez, J., Leung, B. P., Rezai-Zadeh, K., & Town, T. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.068 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Mattsson-Carlgren, N., Andersson, E., Janelidze, S., Ossenkoppele, R., Insel, P., Strandberg, O., Zetterberg, H., Rosen, H. J., Rabinovici, G., Chai, X., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz2387 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Radiation Dose Rate and Mutation Frequency
Russell, W. L., Russell, L. B., & Kelly, E. M. (1958) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.128.3338.1546 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Tzeng, N.-S., Chung, C.-H., Lin, F.-H., Chiang, C.-P., Yeh, C.-B., Huang, S.-Y., Lu, R.-B., Chang, H.-A., Kao, Y.-C., Yeh, H.-W., et al. (2018) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-018-0611-x · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Deficiency in neuronal TGF-β signaling promotes neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s pathology
Tesseur, I., Zou, K., Esposito, L., Bard, F., Berber, E., Can, J. V., Lin, A. H., Crews, L., Tremblay, P., Mathews, P., et al. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci27341 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Naproxen and celecoxib do not prevent AD in early results from a randomized controlled trial
ADAPT Research Group (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000260269.93245.d2 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Chakrabarty, P., Li, A., Ceballos-Diaz, C., Eddy, J. A., Funk, C. C., Moore, B., DiNunno, N., Rosario, A. M., Cruz, P. E., Verbeeck, C., et al. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.11.020 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationPalmqvist, S., Insel, P. S., Stomrud, E., Janelidze, S., Zetterberg, H., Brix, B., Eichenlaub, U., Dage, J. L., Chai, X., Blennow, K., et al. (2019) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201911170 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Loss of TREM2 function increases amyloid seeding but reduces plaque-associated ApoE
Parhizkar, S., Arzberger, T., Brendel, M., Kleinberger, G., Deußing, M., Focke, C., Nuscher, B., Xiong, M., Ghasemigharagoz, A., Katzmarski, N., et al. (2019) · doi:10.7892/boris.125653 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Beyond the neuron–cellular interactions early in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis
Henstridge, C. M., Hyman, B. T., & Spires-Jones, T. L. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0113-1 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Initiative, F. T. A. D. N., Suárez-Calvet, M., Morenas-Rodríguez, E., Kleinberger, G., Schlepckow, K., Araque Caballero, M. Á., Franzmeier, N., Capell, A., Fellerer, K., Nuscher, B., et al. (2019) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-018-0301-5 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Absence of C1q Leads to Less Neuropathology in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease
Fonseca, M. I., Zhou, J., Botto, M., & Tenner, A. J. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0901-04.2004 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Nho, K., Kueider‐Paisley, A., MahmoudianDehkordi, S., Arnold, M., Risacher, S. L., Louie, G., Blach, C., Baillie, R., Han, X., Kastenmüller, G., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.08.012 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Jantzen, P. T., Connor, K. E., DiCarlo, G., Wenk, G. L., Wallace, J. L., Rojiani, A. M., Coppola, D., Morgan, D., & Gordon, M. N. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-06-02246.2002 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid soluble TREM2 is higher in Alzheimer disease and associated with mutation status
Piccio, L., Deming, Y., Del-Águila, J. L., Ghezzi, L., Holtzman, D. M., Fagan, A. M., Fenoglio, C., Galimberti, D., Borroni, B., & Cruchaga, C. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1533-5 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Fang, F., Lue, L.-F., Yan, S., Xu, H., Luddy, J. S., Chen, D., Walker, D. G., Stern, D. M., Yan, S., Schmidt, A. M., et al. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-139634 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
TREM2 function impedes tau seeding in neuritic plaques
Leyns, C. E. G., Gratuze, M., Narasimhan, S., Jain, N., Koscal, L. J., Jiang, H., Manis, M., Colonna, M., Lee, V. M. Y., Ulrich, J. D., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0433-0 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Chakrabarty, P., Jansen‐West, K., Beccard, A., Ceballos‐Diaz, C., Levites, Y., Verbeeck, C., Zubair, A. C., Dickson, D., Golde, T. E., & Das, P. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-141754 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationExtended results of the Alzheimer's disease anti‐inflammatory prevention trial
Breitner, J. C. S., Baker, L. D., Montine, T. J., Meinert, C. L., Lyketsos, C. G., Ashe, K. H., Brandt, J., Craft, S., Evans, D. A., Green, R. C., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.12.014 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
The Role of Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Koyama, A. K., O'Brien, J., Weuve, J., Blacker, D., Metti, A. L., & Yaffe, K. S. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls187 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Maier, M., Peng, Y., Jiang, L., Seabrook, T. J., Carroll, M. C., & Lemere, C. A. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0829-08.2008 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Humanized TREM2 mice reveal microglia-intrinsic and -extrinsic effects of R47H polymorphism
Song, W. M., Joshita, S., Zhou, Y., Ulland, T. K., Gilfillan, S., & Colonna, M. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20171529 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Altered microglial response to Aβ plaques in APPPS1-21 mice heterozygous for TREM2
Ulrich, J. D., Finn, M. B., Wang, Y., Shen, A., Mahan, T. E., Jiang, H., Stewart, F. R., Piccio, L., Colonna, M., & Holtzman, D. M. (2014) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-9-20 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Bemiller, S. M., McCray, T. J., Allan, K., Formica, S. V., Xu, G., Wilson, G., Kokiko-Cochran, O. N., Crish, S. D., Lasagna-Reeves, C. A., Ransohoff, R. M., et al. (2017) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0216-6 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Lessons Learned from Alzheimer Disease: Clinical Trials with Negative Outcomes
Cummings, J. (2018) · Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1111/cts.12491 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
LPS- induced inflammation exacerbates phospho-tau pathology in rTg4510 mice
Lee, D. C., Rizer, J., Selenica, M.-L. B., Reid, P., Kraft, C., Johnson, A., Blair, L., Gordon, M. N., Dickey, C. A., & Morgan, D. (2010) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-7-56 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Matarin, M., Salih, D. A., Yasvoina, M., Cummings, D. M., Guelfi, S., Liu, W., Nahaboo Solim, M. A., Moens, T. G., Paublete, R. M., Ali, S. S., et al. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.041 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Single‐cell transcriptomics reveals distinct inflammation‐induced microglia signatures
Sousa, C., Golebiewska, A., Poovathingal, S. K., Kaoma, T., Pires‐Afonso, Y., Martina, S., Coowar, D., Azuaje, F., Skupin, A., Balling, R., et al. (2018) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201846171 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Substrate-targeting γ-secretase modulators
Kukar, T. L., Ladd, T. B., Bann, M. A., Fraering, P. C., Narlawar, R., Maharvi, G. M., Healy, B., Chapman, R., Welzel, A. T., Price, R. W., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07055 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Tynkkynen, J., Chouraki, V. A., van der Lee, S. J., Hernesniemi, J. A., Yang, Q., Li, S., Beiser, A., Larson, M. G., Sääksjärvi, K., Shipley, M. J., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.003 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The <i>MS4A</i> gene cluster is a key modulator of soluble TREM2 and Alzheimer’s disease risk
Deming, Y., Filipello, F., Cignarella, F., Cantoni, C., Hsu, S., Mikesell, R., Li, Z., Del-Aguila, J. L., Dube, U., Farias, F. G., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aau2291 · Cited by 271 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In particular, several neurotoxic damage-associated microglia-specific transcriptomic signatures have been identified in mice as well as a human-specific microglial signature observed in AD patients and in normal aging [50, 72, 228, 229].”
BackgroundMicroglial activation correlates in vivo with both tau and amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease
Dani, M., Wood, M., Mizoguchi, R., Fan, Z., Walker, Z., Morgan, R., Hinz, R., Biju, M., Kuruvilla, T., Brooks, D. J., et al. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy188 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Fonseca, M. I., Ager, R. R., Chu, S.-H., Yazan, O., Sanderson, S. D., LaFerla, F. M., Taylor, S. M., Woodruff, T. M., & Tenner, A. J. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901005 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project
Lonsdale, J., Thomas, J., Salvatore, M., Phillips, R., Lo, E., Shad, S., Hasz, R., Walters, G., Garcia, F., Young, N., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2653 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Oh, S. J., Lee, J. K., & Shin, O. S. (2019) · Immune Network · doi:10.4110/in.2019.19.e37 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Ismail, R., Parbo, P., Madsen, L. S., Hansen, A. K., Hansen, K. V., Schaldemose, J. L., Kjeldsen, P. L., Stokholm, M. G., Gottrup, H., Eskildsen, S. F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01820-6 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Immune aging, dysmetabolism, and inflammation in neurological diseases
Deleidi, M., Jäggle, M., & Rubino, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00172 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Bachstetter, A. D., Van Eldik, L. J., Schmitt, F. A., Neltner, J. H., Ighodaro, E. T., Webster, S. J., Patel, E., Abner, E. L., Kryscio, R. J., & Nelson, P. T. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0209-z · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The Trem2 R47H variant confers loss-of-function-like phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease
Cheng-Hathaway, P. J., Reed-Geaghan, E. G., Jay, T. R., Casali, B. T., Bemiller, S. M., Puntambekar, S. S., von Saucken, V. E., Williams, R. Y., Karlo, J. C., Moutinho, M., et al. (2018) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-018-0262-8 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Impact of TREM2R47H variant on tau pathology–induced gliosis and neurodegeneration
Gratuze, M., Leyns, C. E. G., Sauerbeck, A. D., St-Pierre, M.-K., Xiong, M., Kim, N., Serrano, J. R., Tremblay, M.-È., Kummer, T. T., Colonna, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci138179 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Giovannini, S., Onder, G., Liperoti, R., Russo, A., Carter, C., Capoluongo, E., Pahor, M., Bernabei, R., & Landi, F. (2011) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03570.x · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring How Genetics and Phenotype Influence Risk
McQuade, A., & Blurton-Jones, M. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.045 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Proteomic differences in amyloid plaques in rapidly progressive and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Drummond, E., Nayak, S., Faustin, A., Pires, G., Hickman, R. A., Askenazi, M., Cohen, M., Haldiman, T., Kim, C., Han, X., et al. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1691-0 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Kober, D. L., Alexander-Brett, J. M., Karch, C. M., Cruchaga, C., Colonna, M., Holtzman, M. J., & Brett, T. J. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.20391 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Emerging Concepts in Alzheimer's Disease
Vinters, H. V. (2014) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-163927 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
CSF biomarkers predict a more malignant outcome in Alzheimer disease
Wallin, A., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Londos, E., Minthon, L., & Hansson, O. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181dd4dd8 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents and Alzheimer disease: The last 12 years
McGeer, P. L., Rogers, J., & McGeer, E. G. (2006) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2006-9s330 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
How synaptic pruning shapes neural wiring during development and, possibly, in disease
Sakai, J. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2010281117 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Simultaneous Multiplexed Measurement of RNA and Proteins in Single Cells
Darmanis, S., Gallant, C. J., Marinescu, V. D., Niklasson, M., Segerman, A., Flamourakis, G., Fredriksson, S., Assarsson, E., Lundberg, M., Nelander, S., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.021 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Activated microglia mitigate Aβ-associated tau seeding and spreading
Gratuze, M., Chen, Y., Parhizkar, S., Jain, N., Strickland, M. R., Serrano, J. R., Colonna, M., Ulrich, J. D., & Holtzman, D. M. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20210542 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Microglia contribute to the propagation of Aβ into unaffected brain tissue
d’Errico, P., Ziegler-Waldkirch, S., Aires, V., Hoffmann, P., Mezö, C., Erny, D., Monasor, L. S., Liebscher, S., Ravi, V. M., Joseph, K., et al. (2022) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-021-00951-0 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
A Map of Transcriptional Heterogeneity and Regulatory Variation in Human Microglia
Young, A. M. H., Kumasaka, N., Calvert, F., Hammond, T. R., Knights, A., Panousis, N., Park, J. S., Schwartzentruber, J., Liu, J., Kundu, K., et al. (2021) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00875-2 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Meilandt, W. J., Ngu, H., Gogineni, A., Lalehzadeh, G., Lee, S.-H., Srinivasan, K., Imperio, J., Wu, T., Weber, M., Kruse, A. J., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1871-19.2019 · Cited by 210 · cited 1× · see citing works
“APP/PS2 x Trem2 KO* 12, 22 mo ↓ Aβ ↑ degeneration [258]”
Inflammation Induced by Infection Potentiates Tau Pathological Features in Transgenic Mice
Sy, M., Kitazawa, M., Medeiros, R., Whitman, L., Cheng, D., Lane, T. E., & LaFerla, F. M. (2011) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.02.012 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Chakrabarty, P., Ceballos-Diaz, C., Beccard, A., Janus, C., Dickson, D., Golde, T. E., & Das, P. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0903382 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationBeydoun, M. A., Beydoun, H. A., Hossain, S., El-Hajj, Z. W., Weiss, J., & Zonderman, A. B. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200064 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Lananna, B. V., McKee, C. A., King, M. W., Del-Aguila, J. L., Dimitry, J. M., Farias, F. H. G., Nadarajah, C. J., Xiong, D. D., Guo, C., Cammack, A. J., et al. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aax3519 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Blood inflammatory markers and risk of dementia: The Conselice Study of Brain Aging
Ravaglia, G., Forti, P., Maioli, F., Chiappelli, M., Montesi, F., Tumini, E., Mariani, E., Licastro, F., & Patterson, C. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.08.012 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Howard, R., Zubko, O., Bradley, R., Harper, E., Pank, L., O’Brien, J., Fox, C., Tabet, N., Livingston, G., Bentham, P., et al. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.3762 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Pathophysiological subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease based on cerebrospinal fluid proteomics
Tijms, B. M., Gobom, J., Reus, L. M., Jansen, I. E., Hong, S., Dobričić, V., Kilpert, F., ten Kate, M., Barkhof, F., Tsolaki, M., et al. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa325 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
The role of PU.1 and GATA-1 transcription factors during normal and leukemogenic hematopoiesis
Burda, P., Laslo, P., & Stopka, T. (2010) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2010.104 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Revolution of Alzheimer Precision Neurology. Passageway of Systems Biology and Neurophysiology
Hampel, H. J., (APMI), F. T. A. P. M. I., Toschi, N., Babiloni, C., Baldacci, F., Black, K. L., Bokde, A. L. W., Bun, R. S., Cacciola, F., Cavedo, E., et al. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-179932 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Pickett, E. K., Herrmann, A. G., McQueen, J., Abt, K., Dando, O., Tulloch, J., Jain, P., Dunnett, S., Sohrabi, S., Fjeldstad, M. P., et al. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.044 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
ADAPT Research Group (2006) · PLoS Clinical Trials · doi:10.1371/journal.pctr.0010033 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Hodes, R. J., & Buckholtz, N. S. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2016.1135132 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Higher risk of dementia in English older individuals who are overweight or obese
Ma, Y., Ajnakina, O., Steptoe, A., & Cadar, D. (2020) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa099 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Shahidehpour, R. K., Higdon, R. E., Crawford, N. G., Neltner, J. H., Ighodaro, E. T., Patel, E., Price, D., Nelson, P. T., & Bachstetter, A. D. (2021) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.003 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Interleukin-2 improves amyloid pathology, synaptic failure and memory in Alzheimer’s disease mice
Alves, S., Churlaud, G., Audrain, M., Michaelsen‐Preusse, K., Fol, R. R., Souchet, B., Braudeau, J., Körte, M., Klatzmann, D., & Cartier, N. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww330 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Propson, N. E., Du, S., Xiong, W., & Zheng, H. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2023418118 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Scholtzova, H., Kascsak, R. J., Bates, K. A., Boutajangout, A., Kerr, D. J., Meeker, H. C., Mehta, P. D., Spinner, D. S., & Wisniewski, T. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5715-08.2009 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Jiang, Y., Zhou, X., Ip, F. C. F., Chan, P., Chen, Y., Lai, N. C. H., Cheung, K., Lo, R. M. N., Tong, E. P. S., Wong, B. W. Y., et al. (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12369 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Subgroups of Alzheimer's disease based on cerebrospinal fluid molecular markers
Iqbal, K., Flory, M. J., Khatoon, S., Soininen, H. S., Pirttilä, T., Lehtovirta, M., Alafuzoff, I. I., Blennow, K., Andreasen, N., Vanmechelen, E., et al. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20639 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
de Jong, D., Jansen, R. W. M. M., Hoefnagels, W. H. L., Mj, J.-E., Verbeek, M. M., Borm, G. F., & Kremer, B. P. H. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001475 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Time-dependent reduction in Aβ levels after intracranial LPS administration in APP transgenic mice
Herber, D. L., Roth, L. M., Wilson, D. H., Wilson, N., Mason, J. E., Morgan, D., & Gordon, M. N. (2004) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.07.007 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Omics sciences for systems biology in Alzheimer’s disease: State-of-the-art of the evidence
Hampel, H. J., Nisticò, R., Seyfried, N. T., Levey, A. I., Modeste, E. S., Lemercier, P., Baldacci, F., Toschi, N., Garaci, F., Perry, G. L., et al. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101346 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Alzheimer's-associated PU.1 expression levels regulate microglial inflammatory response
Pimenova, A. A., Herbinet, M., Gupta, I., Machlovi, S. I., Bowles, K. R., Marcora, E., & Goate, A. M. (2021) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105217 · Cited by 141 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Low levels of SPI1 expression is linked to delayed AD onset [169], and entirely removing SPI1 expression dampens homeostatic microglia responses in the brain and increases microglial apoptosis [171].”
BackgroundBrelstaff, J. H., Mason, M., Katsinelos, T., McEwan, W. A., Ghetti, B., Tolkovsky, A. M., & Spillantini, M. G. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg4980 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatories in Alzheimer’s disease—potential therapy or spurious correlate?
Rivers-Auty, J., Mather, A. E., Peters, R., Lawrence, C. B., & Brough, D. (2020) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa109 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Weggen, S., Eriksen, J. L., Sagi, S. A., Pietrzik, C. U., Golde, T. E., & Koo, E. H. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m304824200 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Opposing Effects of Membrane-Anchored CX3CL1 on Amyloid and Tau Pathologies via the p38 MAPK Pathway
Lee, S., Xu, G., Jay, T. R., Bhatta, S., Kim, K.-W., Jung, S., Landreth, G. E., Ransohoff, R. M., & Lamb, B. T. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0853-14.2014 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Chikina, M. D., Zaslavsky, E., & Sealfon, S. C. (2015) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv015 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Ultrastructural evidence of microglial heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s disease amyloid pathology
El Hajj, H., Savage, J. C., Bisht, K., Parent, M., Vallières, L., Rivest, S., & Tremblay, M.-È. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1473-9 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Qin, J., Ma, Z., Chen, X., & Shu, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1103416 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Khan, A. A., Mahendran, R. K., Perumal, K., & Faheem, M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2024.3357723 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Therapeutic Potential of Allicin and Aged Garlic Extract in Alzheimer’s Disease
Tedeschi, P., Nigro, M., Travagli, A., Catani, M., Cavazzini, A., Merighi, S., & Gessi, S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23136950 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Dysfunctional microglia and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
Ayyubova, G. (2022) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2022-0087 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
New Insights into Microglial Mechanisms of Memory Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease
Li, N., Deng, M., Hu, G., Li, N., Yuan, H., & Zhou, Y. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12111722 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Microglial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, emerging therapies, and future directions
Azmal, M., Paul, J. K., Prima, F. S., Haque, A. N. M. S. N. B., Meem, M., & Ghosh, A. (2025) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2025.115374 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Liu, K., Li, Y., Ma, Y., Wang, Y., Fan, Z., Qi, J., & Qi, J. (2022) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-022-01146-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Brain resident microglia in Alzheimer’s disease: foe or friends
Kaur, S., Malleshwari, K., Sharma, A., Giridharan, V. V., & Dandekar, M. P. (2024) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-024-01550-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Temmerman, J., Engelborghs, S., Bjerke, M., & D’haeseleer, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162340 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Microglia in brain aging: An overview of recent basic science and clinical research developments
Fan, H., Zhang, M., Wen, J., Wang, S., Yuan, M., Sun, H., Shu, L., Xu, Y., Pu, Y., & Cai, Z. (2023) · Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.7555/jbr.37.20220220 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ianni, M., Corraliza-Gómez, M., Costa-Coelho, T., Ferreira-Manso, M., Inteiro-Oliveira, S., Alemãn-Serrano, N., Sebastião, A. M., Garcia, G., Diógenes, M. J., & Brites, D. M. T. O. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25179475 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tolédano, A., Rodríguez‐Casado, A., Álvarez, M., & Toledano‐Díaz, A. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14111101 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kodali, M., Madhu, L. N., Somayaji, Y., Attaluri, S., Huard, C., Panda, P. K., Shankar, G., Rao, S., Shuai, B., Gonzalez, J. J., et al. (2024) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14398 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tsering, W., Hery, G. P., Phillips, J. L., Lolo, K., Bathe, T., Villareal, J. A. B., Ruan, I. Y., & Prokop, S. (2023) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01688-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Var, S. R., Strell, P., Johnson, S. T., Roman, A., Vasilakos, Z., & Low, W. C. (2023) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/09636897231171001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Eicosanoid signaling in neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease
Lohitaksha, K., Kumari, D., Shukla, M., Byagari, L., Ashireddygari, V. R., Tammineni, P., Reddanna, P., & Gorla, M. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176694 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mechanistic insights into connexin-mediated neuroglia crosstalk in neurodegenerative diseases
Denaro, S., D’Aprile, S., Vicario, N., & Parenti, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2025.1532960 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Radiotherapy for non-cancer diseases: benefits and long-term risks
Thariat, J., Little, M. P., Zablotska, L. B., Samson, P. P., O’Banion, M. K., Leuraud, K., Bergom, C. R., Girault, G., Azimzadeh, O., Bouffler, S. D., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.1080/09553002.2023.2295966 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The brain pathobiome in Alzheimer's disease
Shanmugam, N. K. N., Eimer, W. A., Kumar, D. K. V., & Tanzi, R. E. (2024) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00475 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mazahir, F., Alam, M. I., & Yadav, A. K. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102318 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kuhn, M. K., Kang, R. Y., Kim, C., Tagay, Y., Morris, N., Tabdanov, E. D., Elcheva, I. A., & Proctor, E. A. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.16.567220 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hernández, E. R., Hernández-Zimbrón, L. F., Pérez, E. S., Sánchez‐Salgado, J. L., Morales, M. A. P., & Zenteno, E. (2024) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2024.102426 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Колыхалов, И. В., Андросова, Л. В., & Si, G. (2022) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202212211259 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Discovery of a novel Xanthone derivative P24 for anti-AD via targeting sTGFBR3
Zhou, L., Qi, Z., Wang, X., Li, Z., Feng, W., Wang, N., Li, X., Ning, X., Xing, Y., Jiang, X., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116729 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Microglial Drivers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: An Evolution of Diverse Participating States
Kuhn, M. K., & Proctor, E. A. (2024) · Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.26723 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Broad Range of Research in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias
DeKosky, S. T., & Duara, R. (2022) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-022-01245-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lactate metabolism links reactive microglia, amyloid pathology, and Aβ dynamics
Ashley, C. C., Constantino, N. J., Pettit‐Mee, R. J., Snipes, J. A., Saito, K., Irmen, R. E., Zhang, R., Neary, E. M., Lanning, M. J., Karch, C. M. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03825-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hu, Y., Wang, X., Zhao, Z., Liu, M., Ren, X., Xian, X., Liu, C., & Wang, Q. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-240118 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chira, A., & Lorenzetti, S. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14070854 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Saberian, P., Darvishi, A., khezragha, D., Forouzandegan, M., Farhadieh, M., Khorshidi, S. T., Nejad, M. H., Sedighi, S., Barati, R., Safavi, S. A. R., et al. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70572 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
How Many Alzheimer–Perusini’s Atypical Forms Do We Still Have to Discover?
Donato, L., Mordà, D., Scimone, C., Alibrandi, S., D’Angelo, R., & Sidoti, A. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11072035 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comparison of the ApoE allelic variants in the formation of intracerebral Aβ deposits
Xu, G. M., Angelle, C., Huilgol, D., Sacilotto, P., McFarland, K. N., Fromholt, S., Lopez, A., Vo, Q., Rivasplata, A., Brkic, S., et al. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.107105 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationXing, J. F., Mu, K., Xue, Y., Yang, X., Zhang, D., Gao, W., Zhang, T., Yang, S., Wang, R., Zhang, W., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1843978 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Infection, Neuroinflammation and Interventions for Healthy Brain and Longevity
Fülöp, T., Ramassamy, C., Lacombe, G., Frost, E. H., Cohen, A. A., Rodrigues, S., Desroches, M., Hirokawa, K., Laurent, B., & Witkowski, J. M. (2024) · Healthy ageing and longevity · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68513-2_12 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Liu, K., Li, Y., Ma, Y., Wang, Y., Fan, Z., Li, Y., & Qi, J. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1879713/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Koller, E. J., McFarland, K. N., Angelle, C., Howard, J. C., Ryu, D., Dillon, K. D., Erquizi, A., Beheray, M., Cruz, E. G. D. L., Cruz, P. E., et al. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-01968-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationBang-feng, L., Chen, X., Xie, R., Mo, Y.-F., Wu, Y.-Z., Meng, Y., Han, X.-L., Chen, M., & Peng, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1818802 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Microglia in brain aging: An overview of recent basic science and clinical research developments
Fan, H., Zhang, M., Wen, J., Wang, S., Yuan, M., Sun, H., Shu, L., Xu, Y., Pu, Y., & Cai, Z. (2023) · Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.7555/jbr.36.20220220 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Morphological features of microglial cells in a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Okhalnikov, A. D., Gavrish, M. S., & Babaev, A. A. (2023) · Genes and Cells · doi:10.23868/gc546020 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lymphoid-like Suppressive Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Neuroimmune Regulatory Axis?
Chmiel, J., Gawełczyk, W., Soczyńska, J., & Leszek, J. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15131151
Walz, W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48105-5_13
Константинович, М. А., Lobzin, V. Y., Николаевна, С. Н., Попов, О. С., Апалько, С. В., Kopteva, Y. P., Ponomareva, S., & Shcherbak, S. G. (2025) · Medical alphabet · doi:10.33667/2078-5631-2025-2-29-38
Tsering, W., Hery, G. P., Phillips, J. L., Lolo, K., Bathe, T., Villareal, J. A. B., Ruan, I. Y., & Prokop, S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26648013
Tan, M., Zeng, J., Zhou, H., Yang, S., Wang, T., Zhong, M., 王彤宇, Liu, Z., Dai, Y., & Song, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Bioinformatics · doi:10.3389/fbinf.2026.1829278
Hsu, C., Jallow, A. W., Saleem, F., Vu, T. M. C., & Lin, Y. (2026) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.08.013
Xu, L., Zhang, Y., Jiang, L., Xing, J. F., Hu, J., Lan, T., & Ta, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2026.1902577
Liao, J., Chen, Y., Lu, Y., Qu, F., Xie, X., Yang, Z., & Wen, W. (2026) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/bn/6222269
Li, J., Jiang, L., 晁凤蕾, Zhang, L., 胡春年, Zhou, Y., Wang, S., Pan, Q., Luo, Y., Tang, J., et al. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03907-7
- Authors
- McFarland, K. N., & Chakrabarty, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chakrabarty, Paramita
- Venue
- Neurotherapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 186-208
- ISSN
- 1878-7479 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9130399
- OpenAlex
- W4221004276
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 265
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurotherapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- national institutes of health (P30AG066506, RF1AG064914)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- microglia, Alzheimer's disease, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta, neurodegeneration, healthy aging, microglial phenotype, disease-modifying therapy
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Homeostasis, Humans, Neurons, Microglia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
