Expression of immune system-associated antigens by cells of the human central nervous system: Relationship to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
HLA-DR is a class II major histocompatibility complex antigen which in the periphery confers antigen presenting capability. We have previously shown that this marker is profusely expressed in cortex of elderly and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, as is the receptor for the lymphokine interleukin-2. We now report presence of additional immune-related antigens in AD, and distributional differences from normal elderly controls. In gray matter, HLA-DR immunoreactivity is normally sparse, except in AD where it co-localizes with virtually all neuritic plaques. HLA-DR positive T cells can be demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease brain tissue, as can instances of apposition between putative brain microglia and T cells. In addition, cells with the morphologic characteristics of astrocytes label for natural killer cell antigen (Leu-11), and apparent lymphocytes bearing T helper and T cytotoxic/suppressor cell antigens are observed. These and other data suggest that the glial proliferation and scavenger activity characteristic of Alzheimer's disease may occur in an immune context and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disorder.
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CD8+ T cells are elevated in human AD brains and can be found closely localized to microglia.
“Interestingly, CD8+ T cells are also elevated in human AD brains, can be found closely localized to microglia, 24”
From The P522R protective variant of PLCG2 promotes the expression of antigen presentation genes by human microglia in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
Activated T cells exist as infiltrates in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients.
“Furthermore, activated T cells also exist as infiltrates in the brains of AD patients [158–160].”
From PKR, the double stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase as a critical target in Alzheimer's disease (2009) · cites this paper as [159]
AD is accompanied by activation of microglia and astrocytes that affects clearance and production of Aβ, development and propagation of tau pathology, exacerbates neurodegeneration, and influences disease progression and severity.
“AD is accompanied by activation of microglia and astrocytes1,2 that affects the clearance and production of Aβ42,3,4 development and propagation of tau pathology,5 exacerbates neurodegeneration, and influences disease progression and severity.6,7”
From CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction in early Alzheimer disease (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Rogers, J., Luber-Narod, J., Styren, S. D., & Civin, W. H.
- Corresponding author
- Rogers, Joseph
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 339-349
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2071698914
- Cited by
- 743
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 11.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG007367, 1RO1 AG07367-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, HLA-DR, neuritic plaques, T cells, microglia, astrocytes, interleukin-2 receptor, T helper cells, glial cell proliferation, neuroinflammation, central nervous system
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Brain, HLA-D Antigens, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Middle Aged, Neurofibrils, Neuroglia, T-Lymphocytes
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