Beyond GWASs: Illuminating the Dark Road from Association to Function
Open accessAbstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have enabled the discovery of common genetic variation contributing to normal and pathological traits and clinical drug responses, but recognizing the precise targets of these associations is now the major challenge. Here, we review recent approaches to the functional follow-up of GWAS loci, including fine mapping of GWAS signal(s), prioritization of putative functional SNPs by the integration of genetic epidemiological and bioinformatic methods, and in vitro and in vivo experimental verification of predicted molecular mechanisms for identifying the targeted genes. The majority of GWAS-identified variants fall in noncoding regions of the genome. Therefore, this review focuses on strategies for assessing likely mechanisms affected by noncoding variants; such mechanisms include transcriptional regulation, noncoding RNA function, and epigenetic regulation. These approaches have already accelerated progress from genetic studies to biological knowledge and might ultimately guide the development of prognostic, preventive, and therapeutic measures.
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Most common risk variants for brain disorders from GWAS lie in non-coding regions, which makes biological interpretation difficult.
“Most risk variants for brain disorders identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reside in non-coding genome, which makes deciphering biological mechanisms difficult.”
From A computational tool (H-MAGMA) for improved prediction of brain-disorder risk genes by incorporating brain chromatin interaction profiles (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Edwards, S. L., Beesley, J., French, J. D., & Dunning, A. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Edwards, Stacey L.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Human Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 779-797
- ISSN
- 0002-9297 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3824120
- OpenAlex
- W2001280003
- Cited by
- 784
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 7.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The American Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Cancer Research UK ((C8197/A10865), C1287‐A10118, 16565, (C8197/A10123))
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Keywords
- fine mapping, non-coding variants, transcriptional regulation, non-coding RNA, epigenetic regulation, genetic epidemiology, drug response, molecular mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chromosome Mapping, Humans, Neoplasms, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Computational Biology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA, Untranslated, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci
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