The DOI matches its Crossref record; 88 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Are dietary restraint scales valid measures of dietary restriction? Additional objective behavioral and biological data suggest not
Open accessAbstract
Prospective studies find that individuals with elevated dietary restraint scores are at increased risk for bulimic symptom onset, yet experiments find that assignment to energy-deficit diet interventions reduce bulimic symptoms. One explanation for the conflicting findings is that the dietary restraint scales used in the former studies do not actually identify individuals who are restraining their caloric intake. Thus, we tested whether dietary restraint scales showed inverse relations to objectively measured caloric intake in three studies. Four dietary restraint scales did not correlate with doubly labeled water estimates of caloric intake over a 2-week period (M, r=.01). One scale showed a significant inverse correlation with objectively measured caloric intake during a regular meal ordered from an ecologically valid menu (M, r=-.30), but a significant positive relation that was qualified by a significant quadratic effect, to objectively measured caloric intake during multiple eating episodes in the lab (M, r=.32). In balance, results suggest that dietary restraint scales are not valid measures of dietary restriction, replicating findings from prior studies that examined objective measures of caloric intake.
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“some individuals may engage in true caloric restriction, which does increase risk for binge eating (Stice et al., 2010).”
From Caloric deprivation increases responsivity of attention and reward brain regions to intake, anticipated intake, and images of palatable foods (2013) · cites this paper as Stice et al., 2010
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“, 2006; Stice, Killen, Hayward, & Taylor, 1998; Stice, Davis, Miller, & Marti, 2008) and increases in bulimic symptoms (Johnson & Wardle, 2005; Stice, 2001; Wertheim, Koerner, & Paxton, 2001).”
Self-citationDiscrepancy between self-reported and actual caloric intake and exercise in obese subjects
Lichtman, S. W., Pisarska, K., Berman, E. R., Pestone, M., Dowling, H., Offenbacher, E., Weisel, H., Heshka, S., Matthews, D. E., & Heymsfield, S. B. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199212313272701 · Cited by 964
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Food cue reactivity and craving predict eating and weight gain: A meta-analytic review
Boswell, R. G., & Kober, H. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12354 · Cited by 703
Stice, E., Marti, C. N., & Durant, S. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.009 · Cited by 611
Self-citation(2013) · PubMed · Cited by 538
What is eating you? Stress and the drive to eat
Groesz, L. M., McCoy, S. K., Carl, J. R., Saslow, L. R., Stewart, J. A., Adler, N., Laraia, B. A., & Epel, E. S. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.11.028 · Cited by 393
Dietary restraint and self-regulation in eating behavior
Johnson, F., Pratt, M., & Wardle, J. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.156 · Cited by 345
Metadata
- Authors
- Stice, E., Sysko, R., Roberto, C. A., & Allison, S.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stice, Eric
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 331-339
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2830309
- OpenAlex
- W2076421689
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Rudd Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH042206, MH-42206, T32MH015144)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK072932, DK72932)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- dietary restraint, scale validity, energy intake, energy deficit diet, bulimic symptoms, doubly labeled water, dietary habits
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Energy Intake, Diet, Reducing, Eating, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Bulimia Nervosa, Young Adult, Binge-Eating Disorder
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