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Cited by 63Tryptophan and brain disordersStress Responses and CortisolHealth disparities and outcomes

Race/ethnicity moderates the relationship between depressive symptom severity and C-reactive protein: 2005–2010 NHANES data

Case, Stephanie M., Stewart, Jesse C.·2014·Brain Behavior and Immunity
DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.04.004
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Abstract

Because few studies have examined depression facets or potential moderators of the depression-inflammation relationship, our aims were to determine whether particular depressive symptom clusters are more strongly associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and whether race/ethnicity moderates these relationships. We examined data from 10,149 adults representative of the U.S. population (4858 non-Hispanic White, 1978 non-Hispanic Black, 2260 Mexican American, 1053 Other Hispanic) who participated in the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005 and 2010. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and high-sensitivity serum CRP was quantified by latex-enhanced nephelometry. Total (p<.001), somatic (p<.001), and nonsomatic (p=.001) depressive symptoms were each positively related to serum CRP in individual models. However, in the simultaneous model that included both symptom clusters, somatic symptoms (p<.001), but not nonsomatic symptoms (p=.98), remained associated with serum CRP. Evidence of moderation by race/ethnicity was also observed, as six of the nine depressive symptoms×race/ethnicity interactions were significant (ps<.05). Among non-Hispanic Whites, the pattern of results was identical to the full sample; only somatic symptoms (p<.001) remained related to serum CRP in the simultaneous model. No relationships between total, somatic, or nonsomatic symptoms and serum CRP were observed among the non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, or Other Hispanic groups. Our findings indicate that the link between depressive symptoms and systemic inflammation may be due to the somatic symptoms of sleep disturbance, fatigue, appetite changes, and psychomotor retardation/agitation and may be strongest among non-Hispanic Whites.

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  • In 10,149 U.S. individuals, somatic symptoms were related to CRP levels (p < 0.001), only in non-Hispanic white individuals.

    “A cross-sectional study evaluated whether specific symptom clusters were associated with CRP levels and whether race/ethnicity affected this association in a sample of 10,149 U.S. individuals from the NHANES survey [48]. Depressive symptomatology was assessed by PHQ-9, and serum hs-CRP was quantified. Somatic symptoms were related to CRP levels (p < 0.001), only in non-Hispanic white individuals [”

    From C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder? (2022) · cites this paper as [48]

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Authors
Case, S. M., & Stewart, J. C.
Affiliations
  • University of Indianapolis (US)
  • Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (US)
Corresponding author
Stewart, Jesse C.
ORCID
Stewart, Jesse C.
Venue
Brain Behavior and Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-10
Volume
41
Pages
101-108
ISSN
0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbi.2014.04.004
OpenAlex
W2051769371
Cited by
63
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
FWCI
1.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords
depressive symptoms, C-reactive protein, systemic inflammation, race and ethnicity, somatic symptoms, sleep disorders, fatigue, appetite changes, psychomotor retardation, Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic Black adults, NHANES
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antihypertensive Agents, Hypolipidemic Agents, Black or African American, C-Reactive Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Hormones, Humans, Inflammation, Latin America, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Severity of Illness Index, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Black People, White People, Young Adult, Self Report, Symptom Assessment

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