Cited by 743Tryptophan and brain disordersNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsStress Responses and Cortisol

Cytokine-induced sickness behaviour: a neuroimmune response to activation of innate immunity

Dantzer, Robert·2004·European Journal of Pharmacology

Abstract

Sickness refers to a coordinated set of subjective, behavioural and physiological changes that develop in sick individuals during the course of an infection. These changes are due to the effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and other proinflammatory cytokines on brain cellular targets. Sickness behaviour is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines that are temporarily expressed in the brain during infection. These centrally produced cytokines are the same as those expressed by innate immune cells and they act on brain receptors that are identical to those characterized on immune cells. Primary afferent nerves represent the main communication pathway between peripheral and central cytokines. Proinflammatory cytokines modulate learning and memory processes. The expression and action of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain in response to peripheral cytokines are regulated by various molecular intermediates including anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), hormones such as glucocorticoids and neuropeptides such as vasopressin and alpha-melanotropin.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.040

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Authors
Dantzer, R.
Affiliations
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Dantzer, Robert
Venue
European Journal of Pharmacology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-10
Volume
500
Issue
1-3
Pages
399-411
ISSN
0014-2999 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2061931936
Cited by
743
References
109
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 43
FWCI
2.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • European Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
sickness behavior, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1, neuroimmune interactions, innate immunity, infection, learning and memory, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, insulin-like growth factor I, glucocorticoids, vasopressin, alpha-melanotropin, cytokine receptors
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Infections, Sick Role, Neuroimmunomodulation, Cytokines

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