Endogenous anxiety and stress responses in water maze and Barnes maze spatial memory tasks

Harrison, F.E.; Hosseini, A.H.; McDonald, M.P.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.015

Cited by 400Memory and Neural MechanismsStress Responses and CortisolAnimal Behavior and Welfare Studies

Endogenous anxiety and stress responses in water maze and Barnes maze spatial memory tasks

Open access

Harrison, F.E., Hosseini, A.H., McDonald, M.P.·2009·Behavioural Brain Research

DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.015PMC PMC2663577

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The effects of abnormally high or low stress on learning are well established. The Barnes maze and Morris water maze are two commonly used tests of spatial memory, of which the water maze is considered more stressful; however, until now this has not been demonstrated empirically. In the present study, mice matched for performance on commonly used anxiety tasks were trained on either the Barnes maze or water maze or received no cognitive testing. Water-maze training induced greater increases in plasma corticosterone than did Barnes maze training, assessed 30 min after the final session. Importantly, spatial learning was inversely correlated with corticosterone levels in the water maze but not the Barnes maze, suggesting that performance on the water maze may be more affected by test-induced stress even within wild-type subjects of the same age and gender. These findings are important when considering the appropriate cognitive tasks for any experiment in which stress responses may differ systematically across groups.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.015

Cites

31 of 31 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Barnes maze avoids the strong aversive stimulus of swimming that may affect performance.
“However, the Barnes maze has the advantage of avoiding the strong aversive stimulus of swimming that may affect performance (43).”
From Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension (2016) · cites this paper as [43]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat
Morris, R. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(84)90007-4 · Cited by 7,180 · see citing works
The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit formation
Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908) · Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology · doi:10.1002/cne.920180503 · Cited by 6,911 · see citing works
Memory deficits associated with senescence: A neurophysiological and behavioral study in the rat.
Barnes, C. A. (1979) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077579 · Cited by 2,088 · see citing works
Severity of spatial learning impairment in aging: Development of a learning index for performance in the Morris water maze.
Gallagher, M., Burwell, R. D., & Burchinal, M. A. (2015) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000080 · Cited by 861 · see citing works
Inverted-U relationship between the level of peripheral corticosterone and the magnitude of hippocampal primed burst potentiation
Diamond, D. M., Bennett, M. C., Fleshner, M., & Rose, G. M. (1992) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.450020409 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
Severity of spatial learning impairment in aging: Development of a learning index for performance in the Morris water maze.
Gallagher, M., Burwell, R. D., & Burchinal, M. (1993) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.107.4.618 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Social interaction and sensorimotor gating abnormalities in mice lacking Dvl1
Lijam, N., Paylor, R., McDonald, M. P., Crawley, J. N., Deng, C.-X., Herrup, K., Stevens, K. E., Maccaferri, G., McBain, C. J., Sussman, D. J., et al. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80354-2 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Self-citation
Factors controlling measures of anxiety and responses to novelty in the mouse
File, S. E. (2001) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00292-3 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid effects on object recognition memory require training-associated emotional arousal
Okuda, S., Roozendaal, B., & McGaugh, J. L. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0307803100 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Impaired spatial learning in the APPSwe + PSEN1ΔE9 bigenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Reiserer, R. S., Harrison, F. E., Syverud, D. C., & McDonald, M. P. (2007) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2006.00221.x · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Self-citation
The influence of open arm ledges and maze experience in the elevated plus-maze
Fernandes, C., & File, S. E. (1996) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(95)02171-x · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Social Dominance in Inbred Mouse Strains
Lindzey, G. E., Winston, H. D., & Manosevitz, M. (1961) · Nature · doi:10.1038/191474a0 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Behavioral profiles of inbred strains on novel olfactory, spatial and emotional tests for reference memory in mice
Holmes, A., Wrenn, C. C., Harris, A. P., Thayer, K. E., & Crawley, J. N. (2002) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1046/j.1601-1848.2001.00005.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Spatial and nonspatial escape strategies in the Barnes mazePreprint
Harrison, F. E., Reiserer, R. S., Tomarken, A. J., & McDonald, M. P. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.334306 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ontogeny of spatial navigation behaviors in the rat: Dissociation of "proximal"- and "distal"-cue-based behaviors.
Rudy, J. W., Stadler-Morris, S., & Albert, P. (1987) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.101.1.62 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Ontogeny of spatial navigation behaviors in the rat: Dissociation of "proximal"- and "distal"-cue-based behaviors.
Rudy, J. W., Stadler-Morris, S., & Albert, P. (1987) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.101.1.62 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
M 2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Knock-Out Mice Show Deficits in Behavioral Flexibility, Working Memory, and Hippocampal Plasticity
Seeger, T., Fedorova, I. D., Zheng, F., Miyakawa, T., Koustova, E., Gomeza, J., Basile, A. S., Alzheimer, C., & Wess, J. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3581-04.2004 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Behavioral and physiological mouse assays for anxiety: a survey in nine mouse strains
Bouwknecht, J. A., & Paylor, R. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00200-0 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Spatial Memory and Learning in Transgenic Mice: Fact or Artifact?
Wolfer, D. P., Stagljar, M., Errington, M. L., & Lipp, H. (1998) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.3.118 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Adaptation of the circular platform spatial memory task for mice: use in detecting cognitive impairment in the APPSW transgenic mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease
Pompl, P. N., MULLAN, M. J., Bjugstad, K. B., & Arendash, G. W. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(98)00169-1 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Differential activation of hippocampus and amygdala following spatial learning under stress
Akirav, I., Sandi, C., & Richter‐Levin, G. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01687.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Three murine anxiety models: results from multiple inbred strain comparisons
Milner, L. C., & Crabbe, J. C. (2007) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00385.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Elimination of GD3 synthase improves memory and reduces amyloid-β plaque load in transgenic mice
Bernardo, A., Harrison, F. E., McCord, M., Zhao, J., Bruchey, A., Davies, S. S., Jackson Roberts, L., Mathews, P. M., Matsuoka, Y., Ariga, T., et al. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.12.022 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citation
Analysis of the Stress Response in Rats Trained in the Water-Maze: Differential Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, CRH-R1, Glucocorticoid Receptors and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Limbic Regions
Aguilar‐Valles, A., Sánchez, E., de Gortari, P., Balderas, I., Ramı́rez-Amaya, V., Bermúdez‐Rattoni, F., & Joseph‐Bravo, P. (2005) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000093129 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Elevated oxidative stress and sensorimotor deficits but normal cognition in mice that cannot synthesize ascorbic acid
Harrison, F. E., Yu, S. S., Bossche, K. L. V. D., Li, L., May, J. M., & McDonald, M. P. (2008) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05469.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interaction of behavioral and physiological stress reactions.
Teichner, W. H. (1968) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0020281 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Present Imperfect: A Critical Review of Animal Models of the Mnemonic Impairments in Alzheimer's Disease
McDonald, M. P., & Overmier, J. B. (1997) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(97)00024-9 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citation
Long-term effects of neonatal methamphetamine exposure in rats on spatial learning in the Barnes maze and on cliff avoidance, corticosterone release, and neurotoxicity in adulthood
Williams, M. T., Blankenmeyer, T. L., Schaefer, T. L., Brown, C. A., Gudelsky, G. A., & Vorhees, C. V. (2003) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.devbrainres.2003.11.001 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Analysis of corticosterone in the serum of mice and rats using high-performance liquid chromatography
Shimizu, K., Amagaya, S., & Ogihara, Y. (1983) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)86114-9 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Dominance behavior: A phylogenetic analysis in the mouse
Messeri, P., Eleftheriou, B. E., & Oliverio, A. (1975) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(75)90141-9 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Subordinate male mice show long-lasting differences in spatial learning that persist when housed alone
Fitchett, A. E., Collins, S. A., Barnard, C. J., & Cassaday, H. J. (2005) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2005.08.004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Rodents
Vorhees, C. V., & Williams, M. T. (2014) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar/ilu013 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Sex differences in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Li, R., & Singh, M. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.01.002 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Age-related changes in behavior in C57BL/6J mice from young adulthood to middle age
Shoji, H., Takao, K., Hattori, S., & Miyakawa, T. (2016) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0191-9 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
The microtubule-stabilizing agent, epothilone D, reduces axonal dysfunction, neurotoxicity, cognitive deficits, and Alzheimer-like pathology in an interventional study with aged tau transgenic mice
Zhang, B., Carroll, J., Trojanowski, J. Q., Yao, Y., Iba, M., Potuzak, J. S., Hogan, A.-M. L., Xie, S. X., Ballatore, C., Smith, A. B., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4922-11.2012 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Morris water maze: a versatile and pertinent tool for assessing spatial learning and memory
Othman, M. Z., Hassan, Z., & Has, A. T. C. (2022) · EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS · doi:10.1538/expanim.21-0120 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Assessment of spatial memory in mice
Sharma, S., Rakoczy, S. G., & Brown‐Borg, H. M. (2010) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2010.09.004 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension
Faraco, G., Sugiyama, Y., Lane, D., Garcia-Bonilla, L., Chang, H., Santisteban, M. M., Racchumi, G., Murphy, M., Van Rooijen, N., Anrather, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci86950 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Adult‐born hippocampal neurons promote cognitive flexibility in mice
Burghardt, N. S., Park, E. H., Hen, R., & Fenton, A. A. (2012) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22013 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Epothilone D Improves Microtubule Density, Axonal Integrity, and Cognition in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Tauopathy
Brunden, K. R., Zhang, B., Carroll, J., Yao, Y., Potuzak, J. S., Hogan, A.-M. L., Iba, M., James, M. J., Xie, S. X., Ballatore, C., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3059-10.2010 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Assessment of spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze task in rodents—methodological consideration
Gaweł, K., Gibuła‐Tarłowska, E., Marszałek‐Grabska, M., Filarowska, J., & Kotlinska, J. H. (2018) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-018-1589-y · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Barnes Maze Procedure for Spatial Learning and Memory in Mice
Pitts, M. W. (2018) · BIO-PROTOCOL · doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.2744 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Effects of high-fat diet exposure on learning & memory
Cordner, Z. A., & Tamashiro, K. L. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.008 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Acute stress and episodic memory retrieval: neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral consequences
Gagnon, S. A., & Wagner, A. D. (2016) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12996 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Intermittent fasting attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment.
Vasconcelos, A. R., Yshii, L. M., Viel, T. A., Buck, H. S., Mattson, M. P., Scavone, C., & Kawamoto, E. M. (2014) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-85 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Early Stress Evokes Age-Dependent Biphasic Changes in Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Bdnf Expression, and Cognition
Suri, D., Veenit, V., Sarkar, A., Thiagarajan, D., Kumar, A., Nestler, E. J., Galande, S., & Vaidya, V. A. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.023 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Structured evaluation of rodent behavioral tests used in drug discovery research
Hånell, A., & Marklund, N. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00252 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Assessing cognitive decline in the aging brain: lessons from rodent and human studies
Brito, D. V. C., Esteves, F., Rajado, A. T., Silva, N., ALFA score Consortium, Andrade, R., Apolónio, J., Calado, S., Faleiro, L., Matos, C., et al. (2023) · npj Aging · doi:10.1038/s41514-023-00120-6 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models
Rosenfeld, C. S., & Ferguson, S. A. (2014) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/51194 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Functional Aging in Male C57BL/6J Mice Across the Life-Span: A Systematic Behavioral Analysis of Motor, Emotional, and Memory Function to Define an Aging Phenotype
Yanai, S., & Endo, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.697621 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
A Critical Role for α4βδ GABA A Receptors in Shaping Learning Deficits at Puberty in Mice
Shen, H., Sabaliauskas, N. A., Sherpa, A. D., Fenton, A. A., Stelzer, A., Aoki, C. J., & Smith, S. S. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1184245 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Adult mice maintained on a high-fat diet exhibit object location memory deficits and reduced hippocampal SIRT1 gene expression
Heyward, F. D., Walton, R. G., Carle, M. S., Coleman, M. A., Garvey, W. T., & Sweatt, J. D. (2012) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.04.005 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Acute Minocycline Treatment Mitigates the Symptoms of Mild Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
Kövesdi, E., Kamnaksh, A., Wingo, D., Ahmed, F. A. K. M., Grunberg, N. E., Long, J. B., Kasper, C. E., & Agoston, D. V. (2012) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00111 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Value of water mazes for assessing spatial and egocentric learning and memory in rodent basic research and regulatory studies
Vorhees, C. V., & Williams, M. T. (2014) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2014.07.003 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Associative Learning and CA3–CA1 Synaptic Plasticity Are Impaired in D1R Null,Drd1a−/−Mice and in Hippocampal siRNA SilencedDrd1aMice
Ortiz, O., Delgado-García, J. M., Espadas, I., Bahí, A., Trullas, R., Dreyer, J.-L., Gruart, A., & Moratalla, R. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2655-10.2010 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Beyond the Brain: Peripheral Interactions after Traumatic Brain Injury
Sharkey, J., McDonald, S., Sun, M.-J., Kaukas, L., Shultz, S., Turner, R., Leonard, A., Brady, R., & Corrigan, F. (2020) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6885 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice
Kondrakiewicz, K., Kostecki, M., Szadzińska, W., & Knapska, E. (2019) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12525 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Young APOE4 targeted replacement mice exhibit poor spatial learning and memory, with reduced dendritic spine density in the medial entorhinal cortexPreprint
Rodriguez, G. A., Burns, M. P., Weeber, E. J., & Rebeck, G. W. (2013) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.030031.112 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Vitamin C Deficiency in the Brain Impairs Cognition, Increases Amyloid Accumulation and Deposition, and Oxidative Stress in APP/PSEN1 and Normally Aging Mice
Dixit, S., Bernardo, A., Walker, J. M., Kennard, J. A., Kim, G. Y., Kessler, E. S., & Harrison, F. E. (2015) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/cn500308h · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citation
Visuo-spatial learning and memory deficits on the Barnes maze in the 16-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
O’Leary, T. P., & Brown, R. E. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.01.039 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Following the crowd or avoiding it? Empirical investigation of imitative behaviour in emergency escape of human crowds
Haghani, M., & Sarvi, M. (2016) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.11.024 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Protein instability, haploinsufficiency, and cortical hyper-excitability underlie STXBP1 encephalopathy
Kovačević, J., Maroteaux, G., Schut, D., Loos, M., Dubey, M., Pitsch, J., Remmelink, E., Koopmans, B., Crowley, J. J., Cornelisse, L. N., et al. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy046 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Object recognition and Morris water maze to detect cognitive impairment from mild hippocampal damage in rats: A reflection based on the literature and experience
Lissner, L. J., Wartchow, K. M., Toniazzo, A. P., Gonçalves, C., & Rodrigues, L. (2021) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173273 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Behavioral, Proteomics, and Histological Study
Kwon, S.-K. C., Kövesdi, E., Gyorgy, A. B., Wingo, D., Kamnaksh, A., Walker, J., Long, J. B., & Agoston, D. V. (2011) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00012 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Voluntary exercise attenuates LPS-induced reductions in neurogenesis and increases microglia expression of a proneurogenic phenotype in aged mice
Littlefield, A. M., Setti, S. E., Priester, C., & Kohman, R. A. (2015) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0362-0 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The role of Neuropeptide Y in fear conditioning and extinction
Tasan, R. O., Verma, D., Wood, J. C., Lach, G., Hörmer, B. A., de Lima, T. C. M., Herzog, H., & Sperk, G. (2015) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2015.09.007 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The Effect of Enriched Environment on the Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury; A Behavioral, Proteomics, and Histological Study
Kövesdi, E., Gyorgy, A. B., Kwon, S.-K. C., Wingo, D., Kamnaksh, A., Long, J. B., Kasper, C. E., & Agoston, D. V. (2011) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2011.00042 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
A physiological characterization of the Cafeteria diet model of metabolic syndrome in the rat
Gomez-Smith, M., Karthikeyan, S., Jeffers, M. S., Janik, R., Thomason, L. A. M., Stefanovic, B., & Corbett, D. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.029 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Cognitive and behavioral evaluation of nutritional interventions in rodent models of brain aging and dementia
Wahl, D., Coogan, S. C. P., Solon‐Biet, S. M., de Cabo, R., Haran, J. B., Raubenheimer, D., Cogger, V. C., Mattson, M. P., Simpson, S. J., & Couteur, D. G. L. (2017) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s145247 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Age sensitivity of behavioral tests and brain substrates of normal aging in mice
Kennard, J. (2011) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2011.00009 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Reprint of “Value of water mazes for assessing spatial and egocentric learning and memory in rodent basic research and regulatory studies”
Vorhees, C. V., & Williams, M. T. (2015) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.06.002 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Mouse models of genetic effects on cognition: Relevance to schizophrenia
Papaleo, F., Lipska, B. K., & Weinberger, D. R. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.04.025 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Abnormal vibrissa‐related behavior and loss of barrel field inhibitory neurons in <scp>5xFAD</scp> transgenics
Flanigan, T. J., Xue, Y., Kishan Rao, S., Dhanushkodi, A., & McDonald, M. P. (2014) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12133 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citation
Young bone marrow transplantation preserves learning and memory in old mice
Das, M. M., Godoy, M., Chen, S., Moser, V. A., Avalos, P., Roxas, K. M., Dang, I., Yáñez, A., Zhang, W., Bresee, C., et al. (2019) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0298-5 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Behavioural phenotypes in the cuprizone model of central nervous system demyelination.
Sen, M. K., Mahns, D., Coorssen, J., & Shortland, P. (2019) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.008 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Ceramide-Mediated Insulin Resistance and Impairment of Cognitive-Motor Functions
de la Monte, S. M., Tong, M., Nguyen, V., Setshedi, M., Longato, L., & Wands, J. R. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091726 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Combined Treatment With Environmental Enrichment and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Ameliorates Learning Deficits and Hippocampal Alterations in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Catuara‐Solarz, S., Espinosa‐Carrasco, J., Erb, I., Langohr, K., González, J. R., Notredame, C., & Dierssen, M. (2016) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0103-16.2016 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Sex differences in the IntelliCage and the Morris water maze in the APP/PS1 mouse model of amyloidosis
Mifflin, M. A., Winslow, W., Surendra, L., Tallino, S., Vural, A. S., & Velázquez, R. (2021) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.018 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
P301L tau expression affects glutamate release and clearance in the hippocampal trisynaptic pathway
Hunsberger, H. C., Rudy, C. C., Batten, S. R., Gerhardt, G. A., & Reed, M. N. (2014) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.12967 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The effects of apparatus design and test procedure on learning and memory performance of C57BL/6J mice on the Barnes maze
O’Leary, T. P., & Brown, R. E. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.09.027 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Bidirectional interactions between circadian entrainment and cognitive performancePreprint
Gritton, H. J., Kantorowski, A., Sarter, M. F., & Lee, T. M. (2012) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.023499.111 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Brain training” improves cognitive performance and survival in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease
Wood, N. I., Glynn, D., & Morton, A. J. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.02.005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Chronic 17β‐estradiol or cholesterol prevents stress‐induced hippocampal CA3 dendritic retraction in ovariectomized female rats: Possible correspondence between CA1 spine properties and spatial acquisition
McLaughlin, K. J., Wilson, J. O., Harman, J. S., Wright, R. L., Wieczorek, L., Gomez, J. L., Korol, D. L., & Conrad, C. D. (2009) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20678 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Spatial learning and memory impairment and increased locomotion in a transgenic amyloid precursor protein mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Walker, J. M., Fowler, S., Miller, D. K., Sun, A. Y., Weisman, G. A., Wood, W. G., Sun, G. Y., Simonyi, Á., & Schachtman, T. R. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.049 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Assessment of the effects of sex and sex hormones on spatial cognition in adult rats using the Barnes maze
Locklear, M. N., & Kritzer, M. (2014) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.06.006 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Adult neurogenesis: Optimizing hippocampal function to suit the environment
Glasper, E. R., Schoenfeld, T. J., & Gould, E. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.05.013 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Learning, memory and search strategies of inbred mouse strains with different visual abilities in the Barnes maze
O’Leary, T. P., Savoie, V., & Brown, R. E. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.030 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Parkin overexpression ameliorates hippocampal long-term potentiation and -amyloid load in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Hong, X., Liu, J., Zhu, G., Zhuang, Y., Suo, H., Wang, P., Huang, D., Xu, J., Huang, Y., Yu, M., et al. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt501 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Effect of Cardiac Arrest on Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Plasticity in Middle-Aged Rats
Cohan, C. H., Neumann, J. T., Dave, K. R., Alekseyenko, A., Binkert, M., Stransky, K., Lin, H. W., Barnes, C. A., Wright, C. B., & Pérez‐Pinzón, M. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124918 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Intranasal Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Gene Delivery and Expression of Human Iduronidase in the Central Nervous System: A Noninvasive and Effective Approach for Prevention of Neurologic Disease in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I
Belur, L. R., Temme, A., Podetz-Pedersen, K. M., Riedl, M., Vulchanova, L., Robinson, N., Hanson, L. R., Kozarsky, K. F., Orchard, P. J., Frey, W. H., et al. (2017) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2017.187 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Morphological and functional evidence of increased excitatory signaling in the prelimbic cortex during ethanol withdrawal
Varodayan, F. P., Sidhu, H., Kreifeldt, M., Roberto, M., & Contet, C. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.014 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
H ippocampal neurogenesis and pattern separation: A meta‐analysis of behavioral data
França, T. F. A., Bitencourt, A. M., Maximilla, N. R., Barros, D. M., & Monserrat, J. M. (2017) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22746 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Occupational-like organophosphate exposure disrupts microglia and accelerates deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Voorhees, J. R., Remy, M. T., Erickson, C. M., Dutca, L. M., Brat, D. J., & Pieper, A. A. (2019) · npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1038/s41514-018-0033-3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment and morphological changes in the dorsal hippocampus of very old female rats
Morel, G. R., Andersen, T., Pardo, J., Zuccolilli, G. O., Cambiaggi, V. L., Hereñú, C. B., & Goya, R. G. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.050 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cognitive Reserve in Model Systems for Mechanistic Discovery: The Importance of Longitudinal Studies
McQuail, J. A., Dunn, A. R., Stern, Y., Barnes, C. A., Kempermann, G., Rapp, P. R., Kaczorowski, C. C., & Foster, T. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.607685 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Metabotropic glutamate mGlu1 receptor stimulation and blockade: Therapeutic opportunities in psychiatric illness
Lesage, A., & Steckler, T. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.043 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Methionine restriction alleviates age-associated cognitive decline via fibroblast growth factor 21
Ren, B., Wang, L., Shi, L. S., Jin, X., Liu, Y., Liu, R. H., Yin, F., Cadenas, E., Dai, X., Liu, Z., et al. (2021) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2021.101940 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Detecting spatial memory deficits beyond blindness in tg2576 Alzheimer mice
Yassine, N., Lazaris, A., Dorner‐Ciossek, C., Després, O., Meyer, L., Maître, M., Mensah‐Nyagan, A. G., Cassel, J., & Mathis, C. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.016 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Neuroradiological Changes Following Single or Repetitive Mild TBI
Kulkarni, P., Morrison, T., Cai, X.-Z., Iriah, S., Simon, N. G., Sabrick, J., Neuroth, L., & Ferris, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2019.00034 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
5-HTT deficiency affects neuroplasticity and increases stress sensitivity resulting in altered spatial learning performance in the Morris water maze but not in the Barnes maze
Karabeg, M. M., Grauthoff, S., Kollert, S. Y., Weidner, M., Heiming, R. S., Jansen, F., Popp, S., Kaiser, S., Lesch, K.-P., Sachser, N., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078238 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Peripheral Administration of Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting the Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Reverses AβPP and LRP-1 Overexpression in the Aged SAMP8 Mouse Brain
Erickson, M. A., Niehoff, M. L., Farr, S. A., Morley, J. E., Dillman, L. A., Lynch, K. M., & Banks, W. A. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-111517 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Behavioral and monoamine changes following severe vitamin C deficiency
Ward, M. S., Lamb, J., May, J. M., & Harrison, F. E. (2012) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.12069 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cognitive Deficits in Calsyntenin-2-deficient Mice Associated with Reduced GABAergic Transmission
Lipina, T. V., Prasad, T., Yokomaku, D., Luo, L., Connor, S. A., Kawabe, H., Wang, Y. T., Brose, N., Roder, J., & Craig, A. M. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.206 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Comparison of the effects of the GABAB receptor positive modulator BHF177 and the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on anxiety-like behavior, learning, and memory in mice
Li, X., Risbrough, V. B., Cates‐Gatto, C., Kaczanowska, K., Finn, M. G., Roberts, A. J., & Markou, A. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.01.018 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Behavioral Deficits in Animal Models of Blast Traumatic Brain Injury
Aravind, A., Ravula, A. R., Chandra, N., & Pfister, B. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00990 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Engineered commensal bacteria prevent systemic inflammation-induced memory impairment and amyloidogenesis via producing GLP-1
Chen, T., Tian, P., Huang, Z., Zhao, X., Wang, H., Xia, C., Wang, L., & Wei, H. (2018) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9155-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Prevents GABAergic Neuronal Loss and Improves Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease
Ma, K., & McLaurin, J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5075-13.2014 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A comparison of low- and high-impact forced exercise: Effects of training paradigm on learning and memory
Kennard, J. A., & Woodruff‐Pak, D. S. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.02.023 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Deleterious effects of prenatal exposure to morphine on the spatial learning and hippocampal BDNF and long-term potentiation in juvenile rats: Beneficial influences of postnatal treadmill exercise and enriched environment
Ahmadalipour, A., Ghodrati-Jaldbakhan, S., Samaei, A., & Rashidy‐Pour, A. (2017) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.11.013 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The sodium-activated potassium channel Slack is required for optimal cognitive flexibility in micePreprint
Bausch, A. E., Dieter, R., Nann, Y., Hausmann, M., Meyerdierks, N., Kaczmarek, L. K., Ruth, P., & Łukowski, R. (2015) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.037820.114 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Barnes Maze Task Reveals Specific Impairment of Spatial Learning Strategy in the Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Herrewegen, Y. V. D., Denewet, L., Buckinx, A., Albertini, G., Eeckhaut, A. V., Smolders, I. J., & Bundel, D. D. (2018) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-018-2610-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Altered Hippocampal-Prefrontal Neural Dynamics in Mouse Models of Down Syndrome
Chang, P., Bush, D., Schorge, S., Good, M., Canonica, T., Shing, N., Noy, S., Wiseman, F. K., Burgess, N., Tybulewicz, V. L. J., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.065 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Prenatal Stress Produces Persistence of Remote Memory and Disrupts Functional Connectivity in the Hippocampal–Prefrontal Cortex Axis
Negrón-Oyarzo, I., Neira, D., Espinosa, N., Fuentealba, P., & Aboitiz, F. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu108 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Isoflurane-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment in Mice is Prevented by the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil
Su, D., Zhao, Y., Wang, B., Xu, H., Li, W., Chen, J., & Wang, X. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027632 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
In vitro hippocampal gamma oscillation power as an index of in vivo CA3 gamma oscillation strength and spatial reference memory
Lu, C. B., Jefferys, J. G. R., Toescu, E. C., & Vreugdenhil, M. (2010) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.11.008 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Repression of eEF2 kinase improves deficits in novel object recognition memory in aged mice
Gosrani, S. P., Jester, H. M., Zhou, X., Ryazanov, A. G., & Ma, T. (2020) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.016 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Therapeutic Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Exercise Alone and Its Combination with Ecdysterone Against Amyloid Beta-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Behavioral, Biochemical, and Histological Study
Gholipour, P., Komaki‬, A., Parsa, H., & Ramezani, M. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03603-2 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
IL-4 Knock Out Mice Display Anxiety-Like Behavior
Moon, M. L., Joesting, J. J., Blevins, N. A., Lawson, M. A., Gainey, S. J., Towers, A. E., McNeil, L. K., & Freund, G. G. (2015) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-015-9714-x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The water maze paradigm in experimental studies of chronic cognitive disorders: Theory, protocols, analysis, and inference
Kapadia, M., Xu, J., & Šakić, B. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.016 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Multimodal analysis of aged wild-type mice exposed to repeated scanning ultrasound treatments demonstrates long-term safety
Blackmore, D. G., Turpin, F. R., Mohamed, A. Z., Zong, F., Pandit, R., Pelekanos, M., Nasrallah, F. A., Sah, P., Bartlett, P. F., & Götz, J. (2018) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.27941 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Kaempferol Protects Against Cadmium Chloride-Induced Memory Loss and Hippocampal Apoptosis by Increased Intracellular Glutathione Stores and Activation of PTEN/AMPK Induced Inhibition of Akt/mTOR Signaling
El-kott, A. F., Bin-Meferij, M. M., Eleawa, S. M., & Alshehri, M. M. (2019) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-019-02911-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A Comparative Study Evaluating the Impact of Physical Exercise on Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Maliszewska‐Cyna, E., Xhima, K., & Aubert, I. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150660 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cognitive flexibility deficits in a mouse model for the absence of full‐length dystrophin
Remmelink, E., Aartsma-Rus, A. M., Smit, A. B., Verhage, M., Loos, M., & van Putten, M. (2016) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12301 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The influence of stress at puberty on mood and learning: Role of the α4βδ GABAA receptor
Smith, S. S. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.065 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
α4βδ GABAA receptors and tonic inhibitory current during adolescence: effects on mood and synaptic plasticity
Smith, S. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00135 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Active place avoidance is no more stressful than unreinforced exploration of a familiar environment
Lesburguères, E., Sparks, F. T., O’Reilly, K. C., & Fenton, A. A. (2016) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22666 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Reconsolidation-Dependent Memory Updating
Bellfy, L., & Kwapis, J. L. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21186580 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Spatial Navigation Is Distinctively Impaired in Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness
Breinbauer, H. A., Contreras, M. D., Lira, J., Guevara, C., Castillo, L., Ruëdlinger, K., Muñoz, D., & Delano, P. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01361 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Thioredoxin interacting protein regulates age-associated neuroinflammation
Ismael, S., Nasoohi, S., Li, L., Aslam, K., Khan, M. M., El‐Remessy, A. B., McDonald, M. P., Liao, F., & Ishrat, T. (2021) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105399 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reduction in delayed mortality and subtle improvement in retrograde memory performance in pilocarpine‐treated mice with conditional neuronal deletion of cyclooxygenase‐2 gene
Levin, J. R., Serrano, G. E., & Dingledine, R. J. (2012) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03584.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Gestational chronodisruption leads to persistent changes in the rat fetal and adult adrenal clock and function
Salazar‐Petres, E., Richter, H. G., Spichiger, C., Mendez, N., Halabí, D., Vergara, K., Alonso, I. P., Corvalan, F., Azpeleta, C., Serón‐Ferré, M., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp276083 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Chronic Corticosterone Impairs Memory Performance in the Barnes Maze
McLay, R. N., Freeman, S. M., & Zadina, J. E. (1998) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00529-5 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Evaluation of spatial memory of C57BL/6J and CD1 mice in the Barnes maze, the Multiple T-maze and in the Morris water maze
Patil, S. S., Sunyer, B., Höger, H., & Lübec, G. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.029 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
EL ESTRÉS AGUDO INTERFIERE CON LA EVOCACIÓN Y PROMUEVE LA EXTINCIÓN DE LA MEMORIA ESPACIAL EN EL LABERINTO DE BARNES High stress interfers with evocation and promotes extintion of spatial memory in the Barnes maze
Troncoso, J., Lamprea, M. R., Cuestas, D. M., & MÚNERA, A. (2010) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Effects of stress, corticosterone, and epinephrine administration on learning in place and response tasks
Sadowski, R. N., Jackson, G. R., Wieczorek, L., & Gold, P. E. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.06.027 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A Facilitative Role for Corticosterone in the Acquisition of a Spatial Task Under Moderate StressPreprint
Akirav, I., Kozenicky, M., Tal, D., Sandi, C., Venero, C., & Richter‐Levin, G. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.61704 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

Authors: Harrison, F. E., Hosseini, A. H., & McDonald, M. P.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
Corresponding author: Harrison, F.E.
ORCID: Harrison, F.E.
McDonald, M.P.
Venue: Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 198
Issue: 1
Pages: 247-251
ISSN: 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.015
PMC: PMC2663577
OpenAlex: W1983937997
Semantic Scholar: 2358b038bb4b6c3e5baca7861948d8bee4686ece
Cited by: 399
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 7.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (R01AG022439, AG-022439)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK59637, DK 20593, U24DK059637, P30DK020593)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Keywords: spatial memory, water maze, Barnes maze, corticosterone, anxiety, stress hormones, spatial learning, mice, cognitive assessment
MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance, Animals, Anxiety, Cognition, Corticosterone, Exploratory Behavior, Male, Memory, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Psychomotor Performance, Radioimmunoassay, Social Behavior, Space Perception, Spatial Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Swimming, Maze Learning, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Endogenous anxiety and stress responses in water maze and Barnes maze spatial memory tasks

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks